...Air pollution in Los Angeles has achieved wide concerns. In 2011, the Public Policy Institute of California (PPIC) Survey on Californians and the Environment showed that 45% of inhabitants in Los Angeles consider air tainting to be a "noteworthy issue", and 47% acknowledge that the airway of Los Angeles is more lamentable than it was 10 years former. “Los Angeles is a natural pollution trap. The bordering mountains combine with the region’s temperature inversions to surround dirty air. Smoke and fumes from steel and chemical plants, oil refineries and backyard trash incinerators plagued the city” (Gardner, Sarah). In 2013, the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside reach situated the 1st most ozone-dirtied city, the 4th most sullied city by yearly atom tainting, and the 4th most dirtied city by 24-hour particle pollution. Both ozone and particle sullying are hazardous to human well being. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) attracted a leading group of expert specialists, the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee, to help them study the evidence. The EPA released their most recent review of the rhythmic movement research on wellbeing danger of ozone and atom defilement. Six significant air poisons, implied as "criteria toxic substances" are ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen and sulfur dioxide and finally lead are routinely checked for suitability with air pollution standards. The South Coast Air Basin stays neglecting the ozone, particulate matter, and carbon...
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...Someone says that air pollution problem is not that serious in Hong Kong. As the Air Quality Health Index(AQHI) in Hong Kong was normally 1 to 3 out of 10 for the general stations and 2 to 5 out of 10 for the roadside stations according to the Environmental Protection Department. Well, if you just look at the Air Quality Health Index, it seems like air pollution is not that serious. However, we need to consider the concentration of the air pollutant. When it is in high level, it is not safe for us especially for children to go out even when the AQHI is low. The World Health Organization set up a Air Quality Guidelines(AQG) for the air pollutant concentrations. The standard for the air pollutant nitrogen Dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5 are 40, 20 and 10 micrograms per cubic metre. According to the Environmental Protection Department, in 2015, the average air pollutant concentrations for these three air pollutant were 50, 39 and 25 micrograms per cubic metre. Which all of them were much higher than the WHO standard. This results indicate the seriousness of air pollution in Hong Kong. They may lead to lung diseases, cancer or cardiovascular disease which will not only harm our health but also shorten our life. Please, don’t turn a blind eye to the air pollution problem by just looking at the government’s forecast on the TV everyday....
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...CONTROLLING NOISE AND AIR POLLUTION FROM TRAFFIC: A CASE STUDY 1. INTRODUCTION Pollution is defined as the introduction into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take form of chemical substances or energy, such as nose, heat or light. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be ether foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants. Pollution can kill plants and animals, it may be muddy landscapes, poison soils, waterways, noise, air, etc. People are also regularly harmed by these pollutions. Long-term exposure to these pollutions may lead to any diseases such as lung cancer. Chemicals that accumulate n top predators can make some species to eat for humans. In fact, more than one billion people lack access to clean water these days and 2.4 billon don’t have enough clean sanitation, putting them at risk of contracting deadly diseases. 1.1 Objective of the Study This study aims to examine the problem of noise and air pollution from traffics in the wake of its all effect on the life of the people by planning on how to control pollution at source to the maximum extent possible with due regards to technological achievement and economic viability as well as sensitivity of the receiving environment. It also aims to minimize adverse effects of nose and air pollution by selecting suitable locations for the establishment of new industrial projects. 1.2 Statement of the Problem Associations has...
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...IB SL Geography – Urban Environments Case Study: Air Pollution in Beijing 1. What evidence is there that Chinese cities in general suffer from air pollution? Due to Chinas recent exponential economic growth, pollution has been put to one side and has not been a priority in most cases. Air pollution, a negative externality of economic growth, in China’s northern cities exceed the standards of the World Health Organisation by 5 or 6 times. Respiratory disease, often a result of soot-clogged lungs, is the leading cause of death in China, accounting for 26 per cent of all deaths. Compared to the United States this mortality rate is 5 ½ times worse. A study showed that particles in the Chinese air cause 915,000 premature deaths each year, including those of 300,000 children who die from lung infections. Another 600,000 adults die early of some sort of respiratory blockage and 15,000 fall victim to lung cancer caused by bad, polluted air. 2. Identify the main source of air pollution in Beijing. The main source of air pollution in Beijing, and in most Chinese cities, is the burning of coal. Coal is the main fossil fuel used for heating, cooking and for industry. China has large reserves of coal, however most of it is of very poor quality, and containing large amounts of sulphur. Over 60% of Beijing's total energy consumption is coal, representing just over 30 million tonnes per annum. Of this total use of coal, 70% of it is consumed by the manufacturing industry...
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...levels of air pollution can cause a variety of adverse health outcomes. Air quality in developed countries has been generally improved over the last three decades. However, many recent epidemiological studies have consistently shown positive associations between low-level exposure to air pollution and health outcomes. Thus, adverse health effects of air pollution, even at relatively low levels, remain a public concern. This paper aims to provide an overview of recent research development and contemporary methodological challenges in this field and to identify future research directions for air pollution epidemiological studies. Introduction It is well known that exposure to high levels of air pollution can adversely affect human health. A number of air pollution catastrophes occurred in industrial countries between 1950s and 1970s, such as the London smog of 1952 [1]. Air quality in western countries has significantly improved since the 1970s. However, adverse health effects of exposure to relatively low level of air pollution remain a public concern, motivated largely by a number of recent epidemiological studies that have shown the positive associations between air pollution and health outcomes using sophisticated time-series and other designs [2]. This review highlights the key findings from major epidemiological study designs (including time-series, case-crossover, panel, cohort, and birth outcome studies) in estimating the associations of exposure to ambient air pollution with...
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...INTRODUCTON…………………………………………………………………..…...…5 THE AIR (PREVENTION & CONTROL OF POLUTION) ACT…….…………………7 SALIET FEATURES OF THE ACT……………………………………..……………….9 CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARDS………………………..…...…………11 STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARDS……………………..…………………….13 CONCLUSION………………………………………………….………………….……15 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………….…….16 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to take this opportunity to thank my teachers and class mates who have assisted me in successfully completing this project. First of all I thank my professor, Mr. Ashish George for his guidance and support. I thank the librarian for his help in selecting the books and collecting relevant materials. I also thank the University for providing me with the necessary facilities for gathering the information. Finally I thank my classmates who are always approachable with any doubts that I have and also for assisting me in preparing the project. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This paper focuses on the various aspects of the Air Act, 1981. This paper is non doctrinal research and the various concepts regarding the act have been highlighted especially the need and the authorities under the act. The source of information for this paper is mainly articles as well as books regarding the same. The paper starts with a small introduction about air pollution and the need for a legislation to combat the same. Then it goes on to discuss the features of the act especially regarding the norms set out and the punishment in case of violation. It also...
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...Sergio A Segovia 11/30/2015 ENG 1302 Dr. Cunningham Taking Control of Air Pollution in Mexico City In 1992, the United Nations described Mexico City’s air as the most polluted on the planet. Six years later, that air earned Mexico the reputation of “the most dangerous city in the world for children” — a reputation Mexico has been working hard to improve. But despite more than a decade of stringent pollution control measures, a haze hangs over the city most days, obscuring the surrounding snow-capped mountains and endangering the health of its inhabitants. Many factors have contributed to this situation: industrial growth, a population boom (from three million in 1950 to some 20 million today), and the proliferation of vehicles. More than 3.5 million vehicles — 30% of them more than 20 years old — now ply the city streets. Geography conspires with human activity to produce a poisonous scenario. Located in the crater of an extinct volcano, Mexico City is about 2,240 meters above sea level. The lower atmospheric oxygen levels at this altitude cause incomplete fuel combustion in engines and higher emissions of carbon monoxide and other compounds. Intense sunlight turns these into higher than normal smog levels. In turn, the smog prevents the sun from heating the atmosphere enough to penetrate the inversion layer blanketing the city. Because of this and the extreme number of vehicles on the road Mexico City implemented “Hoy No Circula”. Hoy no Circula was started in late 1989...
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...TABLE OF CONTENT 1. ORGANIZATION 2. PROBLEMS 3. AIR POLUTION 4. LEGAL AND REQUIREMENT 5. SOLUTION BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF PREVENTION AND CONTROL MEASURES AT WORKPROSES INTRODUCTION OF ORGANIZATION CEMENT INDUSTRIES OF MALAYSIA BERHAD Cement Industries of Malaysia Berhad ("CIMA ") group of companies ("CIMA Group" or the Group) has been involved in the manufacturing and distribution of cement and related activities since 1975. CIMA is 100% owned by UEM Group Berhad which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Khazanah Nasional Berhad, an investment arm of the government of Malaysia. The Group effectively combines people skills and technological capabilities to become the third largest cement manufacturer in Malaysia. The Group also ventures into international market namely Singapore. The Group's total asset as at 31 December 2012 stands at approximately RM2.0 billion while the paid up capital stands are RM 142 million. The Group is divided into three main divisions comprising Cement Division, Ready-Mixed Division and Aggregates & Premix Division. In Cement Division, Cimaco Quarry Sdn Bhd provides the required limestone for Negeri Sembilan Cement Industries Sdn Bhd (NSCI). NSCI leads The Cement Division with cement plants in Bukit Ketri, Perlis and Bahau Negeri Sembilan. The two plants combined, make up a total clinker production of 2.95 million tonnes per annum and a total production cement capacity of 5.6 million tonnes per annum, comprising Ordinary Portland Cement...
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...development of the disease (Ko & Hui, 2012). Traffic and other outdoor pollution, second-hand smoke, and biomass smoke exposure are all associated with the development of COPD (Ko & Hui, 2012). Outdoor air pollution in urban areas is a major public health problem due to emissions of air pollutants from motor vehicles and industrial plants (Ko & Hui, 2012). There is some evidence that supports that outdoor pollution and traffic-related air pollution have adverse health effects on the lung development in people between the age of 10 and 18 years...
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...nutritional consequences for the people belong to foraging societies • Generally, foragers had necessitated to meet their caloric needs through stable supplies of food, which included both qualitatively and quantitatively, hence to avoid malnutrition or starvation • Hunting and gathering generally provides the forgers almost with the same amount of proteins, although they collect large quantities of edible plants to equal the outcome of proteins supplied with the relatively small pieces of meat • Since, even the scavenged animals require humans covered longer distances to amass available carcasses than to cover distances to accumulate vegetable food Effectiveness of Environmental laws In the wake of elevated concern about environmental pollution, for the first time in the world history as many as 20 million Americans which included students from over 2000 colleges and universities, roughly 10,000 secondary and primary schools and hundreds of communities from around the country participated and celebrated the first Earth Day demanding cleaner and healthier environment . This day today holds such a great importance to the world today that it is the largest secular holiday in the world celebrated across 192 countries. The United States in the spirit of the movement created The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The main objective of EPA was to clean up the already done damage to the environment and establishing guidelines to make cleaner and safer environment...
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...Environmental studies and Fore by admin on Monday, December 12th 2011 No Comment in Essay examples Tags: Environmental studies and Fore, Environmental studies and Fore essay There have been several environmental changes in the world recently occurring due to the pollution of the environment. Increase in production, manufacturing, the use of motor vehicles and basically dumping waste into the environment. This has brought about different types of pollution, each resulting in negative effects due to reducing quality air and other environmental features. If things keep going down this road, the future generations may not have a clean environment to come to, and it may even signify the end of our world. Some of the major environmental pollutions include air pollution, sound pollution, soil pollution and water pollution. Air pollution occurs due to some dangerous gases being released into the environment in large quantities. If the gases are released in small quantities and over a long time, the environment has ways of cleaning itself out, but due to the increase in development and population, this is not possible. This threat for the future world has become a world issue which requires a quick and fast measure taken against it. Otherwise, we might just destroy the only thing that rejuvenates itself and supports our ecosystem. It has been clear though from the past that this issue will not be gotten rid of so easily. This is because even the problem itself...
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...the sunny climate produces a layer of warm, dry air at upper elevations. Southern California counties are where almost 15 million people reside. South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) is a governmental organization established in 1977 to deal with the historically poor air quality in the area surrounding Los Angeles. Air pollution injures organisms, reduces visibility, and attacks and corrodes materials such as metals, plastics, rubber, and fabrics. The respiratory tracts of animals, including humans, are particularly harmed by air pollutants, which worsen existing medical conditions such as chronic lung disease, pneumonia, and cardiovascular problems. Discussed in our paper will be several key points that will highlight very important details in regards to the efforts to reduce ozone in Southern California. Topics to be discussed are; described the historical development of the issue, the stakeholder’s involvement in the issue, and the long term effects of the problem, the responsibilities that arise from the ethical position and try to find a solution to this major problem. Air pollution in California began just after World War II. Southern California has been known to have the worst air pollution in our nation. The worst ozone pollution in Southern California was in 2006’ in the Perris and Crestline areas, then the ozone levels exceeded the federal health standard for more than 50 days. Smoke pollution is one relevant pollutant in Southern California...
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...airn Air Pollution and Health in Kuwait Student’s Name Professor’s Name Submission Date Introduction Kuwait is a relatively successful country in the Middle East. It has a rich history though with both the positive and the negative sides alike. Every time the name Kuwait is mentioned, one may not fail to think of its natural endowments in terms of oil. Though this is a common case to most of the Middle East countries, Kuwait stands out as one of the four oil-rich countries and the fourth largest exporter of oil among the Oil Producing and Exporting Countries (OPEC) with petroleum accounting to a sizeable percentage of its annual Gross Domestic Product. Most of its populace directly or indirectly depend on the oil and its products for their daily lives. To the international community, the country has attracted friends and enemies alike and that explains part of its history which every citizen of this country would like to forget and never remember. This was the 1990 incident where the Iraqi troops set its valuable oil wells on fire hence converting millions of its oil and natural endowments to dangerous smokes which would later turn back to haunt its own population. During this time, most leaders had their words for Kuwait, most of which were negative and pessimistic. However, one iron lady, Mrs.Sara Akbar stood out and defended the future of Kuwait (Peter Aldous). Despite the drawback which almost pulled the country to its knees...
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...AIR POLLUTION MONITORING & CONTROL AT FOUNDRY CLUSTERS IN BELGAUM-A CASE STUDY” AUTHORS: ANIL J.SATHE 1, V.G MUTALIK DESAI 2, SIDDU HOSAMANI 3 1. Scholar KLS GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM-KARNATAKA 2. Professor KLS GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM-KARNATAKA 3. Environmental consultant Belgaum. ABSTRACT Foundry in Belgaum is the only relatively modern. A foundry is a casting manufacturing system. Casting is the process of forming objects by pouring liquid metal into prepared mould and allowing the melt to solidify. The foundry operations generate different kinds of air pollution, depending upon the kinds of furnace in use and the kinds of energy inputs that they use. The present study indicates the air pollution concentration...
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...------------------------------------------------- Air pollution From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Bad air quality" redirects here. For the obsolete medical theory, see Bad air. "Air quality" redirects here. For the measure of how polluted the air is, see Air quality index. Not to be confused with Qualities of air. Air pollution from a World War II wartime production plant Air pollution is the introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulates, or biological materials that cause discomfort, disease, or death to humans, damage other living organisms such as food crops, or damage the natural environment or built environment. The atmosphere is a complex dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on planet Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earth's ecosystems. Indoor air pollution (see Airlog) and urban air quality are listed as two of the World’s Worst Toxic Pollution Problems in the 2008 Blacksmith InstituteWorld's Worst Polluted Places report.[1] ------------------------------------------------- Pollutants Main articles: Pollutant and Greenhouse gas Before flue-gas desulfurization was installed, the emissions from this power plant in New Mexico contained excessive amounts of sulfur dioxide. Schematic drawing, causes and effects of air pollution: (1) greenhouse effect, (2) particulate contamination, (3) increased UV radiation, (4) acid...
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