...With huge capital expenses for High Throughput Satellite (HTS) infrastructure and services made by satellite operators, industry focus now shifts to maximizing the returns on these investments. As 24/7 connectivity becomes a necessity rather than a luxury, the need for lightweight, low-cost, and high performance satellite terminals has driven the evolution of ground segment equipment, for which flat panel antennas (FPAs) have emerged as the most popular innovation in recent years. The limited speed and large size of mechanically-steered and the 1st generation of electronically-steered flat panel antennas drew many to wonder if the Holy Grail of the satellite world – a cost-competitive, electronically-steered flat panel antennas with an ultra-low profile- would ever be within reach. But the journey to this goal has been a long, difficult one because of the many desired features of such a product as depicted in the figure below. NSR has often noted the tremendous increase in satellite mobility bandwidth demand has driven many operators to add new HTS systems and constellations to meet this demand. But at the same time, the industry metric has put more emphasis on cost-efficiencies, which is where NSR expects flat panel antennas (FPAs) to play a key role in this transformation. As service providers look to provide more bandwidth at lower cost to end-users, falling capacity prices, next generation modems with beam switching capabilities, and better software are icing...
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...Background THE NORTH-SOUTH AIRLINE Northern airlines merged Southeast Airlines to create the fourth largest U.S. carrier in which it inherited both an aging fleet of Boeing 737-300 aircraft and Stephen Ruth. As the new president of the airline, Stephen’s first concern is to create a financially solid company since it is a common presumption for airline industries that maintenance costs rise with the age of aircrafts. He noticed that there have been significant differences in the reported B727-300 maintenance costs both in the airframe and engine areas between Northern and Southeast Airlines, with Southeast having the newer fleet. He asked Peg Jones, Vice President for Operations and Finance to investigate on this issue and to know whether there was a direct relationship between average fleet age and direct engine maintenance costs. Definition of Problem Peg Jones must be able to determine if there was a correlation between the average fleet and the maintenance cost. She must also find out if the average fleet age is related to the direct engine machine costs. Jones must be able to provide his findings to Stephen Ruth, who is the new president and chairman of the board of the two airlines, for them to be able to properly investigate and address the issue. Facts/Info/Limitation/Constraints The following are the available data to be used to help Ms. Jones in the determination if there was a correlation between average fleet and the direct maintenance costs. The...
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...REVISED M04_REND6289_10_IM_C04.QXD 5/7/08 2:49 PM Page 46 C H A P T E R Regression Models 4 15 9 40 20 25 25 15 35 6 4 16 6 13 9 10 16 TEACHING SUGGESTIONS Teaching Suggestion 4.1: Which Is the Independent Variable? We find that students are often confused about which variable is independent and which is dependent in a regression model. For example, in Triple A’s problem, clarify which variable is X and which is Y. Emphasize that the dependent variable (Y ) is what we are trying to predict based on the value of the independent (X) variable. Use examples such as the time required to drive to a store and the distance traveled, the totals number of units sold and the selling price of a product, and the cost of a computer and the processor speed. Teaching Suggestion 4.2: Statistical Correlation Does Not Always Mean Causality. Students should understand that a high R2 doesn’t always mean one variable will be a good predictor of the other. Explain that skirt lengths and stock market prices may be correlated, but raising one doesn’t necessarily mean the other will go up or down. An interesting study indicated that, over a 10-year period, the salaries of college professors were highly correlated to the dollar sales volume of alcoholic beverages (both were actually correlated with inflation). Teaching Suggestion 4.3: Give students a set of data and have them plot the data and manually draw a line through the data. A discussion of which line is “best” can help them appreciate...
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...this payload are that it will be able to be loaded on any model of C-130 without permanent modifications to any of the airframes. The system safety aspect of Oculus and the way it is designed is well defined without specific hazards outside the parameters of normal operations with any other payload, other than the lift arm mechanism for the sensor pod attached to the aft door, and the operational parameters while it is in use. It is because of the design requirements for not modifying the airframe that has created a safety issue with the way the sensor pod is set in operation. Oculus Sensor Platform System The C-130 Hercules transport aircraft has been around a long time. It has been a proven airframe, has been the work horse for the U.S. military services through the decades, has seen many conflicts, and has provided air and ground support for numerous missions worldwide. With its longevity it has seen numerous problems, has had many up-grades and modifications that each have their own safety issues. The ground support systems themselves have undergone up-grades that have interacting issues themselves with the aircraft and with the ever changing influx of personnel. With four turbo propeller engines, various mission capabilities, high-wing and large landing gear designed for multiple landing surfaces, the elemental safety system enacted for each airframe evolves with advancing technology and changing personnel to keep it...
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...North Airlines merged with Southeast airlines in 2011 to create the 4th largest U.S. Carrier. The big question does the maintenance cost for the airframe and engines correlate to the age of the aircraft. Southeast airline had a newer fleet and it showed with their cost of maintenance. Peg Young was tasked to do extensive research and give her findings to the new President Stephen Ruth. When looking at the airframe cost per aircraft compared to the average hours for Northern airlines, it is easy to see that the cost of airframe maintenance goes up each year as the number of hours rises on the aircraft. The number only decreases once in the 7-year study. The cost of maintenance rose 3,894 on average each year during the 7-year study, going from $52,000 to $79,000 in 2010. Looking at the average cost of engine aircraft maintenance for Northern airlines, the cost really only skyrocketed in the final year, 2010. The cost for the first 6 years only increased by $1,000 dollars a year, but jumped nearly $30,000 in the final year. This shows that the cost of engine aircraft maintenance only mattered during the final year of the test. For Southern airlines, the aircraft maintenance cost rose over $12,000 during the first year, then it only rose $10,000 over the next 6 years. I think this shows that the cost for airframe maintenance for Southeast was minimal and should not affect much. Looking at the engine maintenance cost, it seems that the results were very random and we cannot...
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...Certification of these jobs is covered under Part 65 of the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR’s). Also included under Part 65 is Air Traffic Controllers, but I’ll not address this career in this paper. Aviation maintenance is a demanding career that has many training requirements. An entire sub industry has been created to train aviation professionals. Schools and their training and curriculum requirements are governed by FAR 147. Under this FAR, only Airframe, Powerplant and Airframe and Powerplant (A&P) ratings may be taught. Curriculums have minimum FAA requirements and must be FAA approved. There are many schools throughout the United States that teach aviation maintenance; in fact the FAA’s web site lists over 150 certified schools within the United States alone. Additionally, many airlines and repair stations have in-house and on the job training programs to ensure personnel maintain proficiency, learn the latest techniques and newest technology. Aircraft maintenance ratings are broken down further by Airframe, Powerplant and Inspection Authorizations. Additionally, repair stations have several ratings of their own, and must conform to the requirements of FAR Part 145. Radios and radar systems are maintained in accordance with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules and maintenance personnel must possess an FCC General Radiotelephone Operator License, with an...
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...Case Studies 1. SOLUTION TO STARTING RIGHT CASE, CH. 3, PAGE 110 This is a decision-making-under-uncertainty case. There are two events: a favorable market (event 1) and an unfavorable market (event 2). There are four alternatives, which include do nothing (alternative 1), invest in corporate bonds (alternative 2), invest in preferred stock (alternative 3), and invest in common stock (alternative 4). The decision table is presented. Note that for alternative 2, the return in a good market is $30,000 (1 + 0.13)5 = $55,273. The return in a good market is $120,000, (4 x $30,000) for alternative 3, and $240,000, (8 x $30,000) for alternative 4. Payoff table Laplace Hurwicz Event 1 Event 2 Average Value Minimu m Maximu m Value Alternativ e1 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.00 Alternativ e2 55,273 – 10,00 0 22,636.5 – 10,000 55,273 – 2,819.9 7 Alternativ e3 120,00 0 – 15,00 0 52,500.0 – 15,000 120,000 –150.00 Alternativ e4 240,00 0 – 30,00 0 105,000. 0 – 30,000 240,000 –300.00 Regret table Maximum Alternative Event 1 Event 2 Regret Alternative 1 240,000 0 240,000 Alternative 2 184,727 10,000 184,727 Alternative 3 120,000 15,000 120,000 Alternative 4 0 30,000 30,000 a. Sue Pansky is a risk avoider and should use the maximin decision approach. She should do nothing and not make an investment in Starting...
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...business was the transport of corporate executives. Currently, their primary customer for both the cargo and passenger divisions is the U.S. Military, which represents 10% of their total revenue. Williams Aero Flight Services’ fleet consists entirely of jets. A typical, properly maintained jet aircraft has a useful economic life of thirty years. Frequent and necessary maintenance must be performed on the engine and airframe in order for the jet to last all thirty years. The aircraft engines and auxiliary power units must be serviced every 24 to 60 months, based on usage. In order to service an engine and power unit, the engine must be removed from the aircraft and sent to a third party specialized maintenance company that maintains and repairs the engines and power units. The annual cost of these repairs, resulting from the age of the fleet and the annual usage, is $2,000,000. Annual revenue is approximately $40,000,000. During a preliminary meeting, the IRS claims that the jet engines and power units are separate units of property from the airframe and that the cost of these repairs must be capitalized under Section 263(a). Williams Aero Flight Services contends that the jet engines, power units, and the aircraft itself are one unit of property that should be depreciated over its useful economic life of thirty years. As a consequence of the dwindling state of the War on Terror,...
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...jet engine. Unlike the Air Force, the Navy had not encountered jet engine aircraft in combat yet. The Air Force in pursuit of superior air power and national security, was the greatest catalysts in aircraft advancements post WW2 (Converse, 2012). As advancements in the jet engine evolved, aircraft were flying faster and further. The need for stronger structural parts meant the need for new manufacturing techniques (Bright, 1978). II. Problem The problem is that airframe manufacturing was lagging behind the needs set forth by the evolving jet engine. The industry used hand crafting techniques that according to Bright (1978), “In the all-metal piston-engine era, the aircraft industry called itself the "tin benders" (Production: The Payoff, para 2). That is, the lower powered subsonic aircraft of the time required a lighter monocoque airframe, resulting in metal fatigue issues. III. Significance of the Problem The significance of the problem is that the current manufacturing techniques could not make airframes strong enough to support the power or high speeds of jet engine flight (Bright, 1978). According to Bright (1978),...
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...Case Studies 1. SOLUTION TO STARTING RIGHT CASE, CH. 3, PAGE 110 This is a decision-making-under-uncertainty case. There are two events: a favorable market (event 1) and an unfavorable market (event 2). There are four alternatives, which include do nothing (alternative 1), invest in corporate bonds (alternative 2), invest in preferred stock (alternative 3), and invest in common stock (alternative 4). The decision table is presented. Note that for alternative 2, the return in a good market is $30,000 (1 + 0.13)5 = $55,273. The return in a good market is $120,000, (4 x $30,000) for alternative 3, and $240,000, (8 x $30,000) for alternative 4. Payoff table Laplace Event 1 Alternativ e1 Alternativ e2 Alternativ e3 Alternativ e4 0 55,273 Event 2 0 – 10,00 0 – 15,00 0 – 30,00 0 Average Value 0.0 22,636.5 Minimu m 0 – 10,000 – 15,000 – 30,000 Maximu m 0 55,273 Hurwicz Value 0.00 – 2,819.9 7 –150.00 120,00 0 240,00 0 52,500.0 120,000 105,000. 0 240,000 –300.00 Regret table Maximum Alternative Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Alternative 4 Event 1 240,000 184,727 120,000 0 Event 2 0 10,000 15,000 30,000 Regret 240,000 184,727 120,000 30,000 a. Sue Pansky is a risk avoider and should use the maximin decision approach. She should do nothing and not make an investment in Starting Right. b. Ray Cahn should use a coefficient of realism of 0.11. The best decision is to do nothing. c. Lila Battle should eliminate alternative 1 of doing nothing and apply the maximin...
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...Manager’s Perspective for Aircraft Owners & Operators on Airport Property Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Introduction Airport management is required to enforce airport regulations for legality and safety. Airport regulations specify that any person who leases property from the airport, or is engaged in any activities at the airport must ensure that the aircraft they store, or operate is legally airworthy in the United States. All hanger lease applications require an airworthy aircraft, and verification must be presented upon the offer of a lease. All aircraft must pass annual and 100 hour inspections in order to prove airworthiness. Inspections must be conducted and documented by Federal Aviation Administration certified airframe and powerplant mechanics. The responsibility for the airworthiness of any aircraft belongs to the owner/operator of the aircraft, the type certificate holder, and the pilot in command, and can be requested at anytime by airport management. Defining an Airworthy Aircraft For the purposes of establishing a uniform definition between airport management and the public of what constitutes an airworthy aircraft, management refers to the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR). According to section 21.185 of the FAR, The term airworthy means that the aircraft conforms to its approved normal, utility, or acrobatic type design, complies with all applicable airworthiness directives, has been inspected and found airworthy within the last 12 calendar...
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...skilled technicians that are required to go through specific training, which is required by the Federal Aviation Administration. For most commercial aircraft maintenance jobs it is required for each person to hold a mechanic’s certificate, also know as an airframe and power plant license. To obtain one of the licenses you must have at least eighteen months of either power plant or airframe practical experience, or at least thirty months working on each at the same time. Another acceptable requirement to work in the maintenance field is you could graduate from one of many approved maintenance technician schools such as Embry Riddle Aeronautical University. Whether the technician goes to college to get their training, or received hands on experienced and passes a number of tests we can be confident in their knowledge. Maintenance departments are a huge part of any flying organization. They are responsible for scheduled and unscheduled inspections as well as the maintenance performed on all of the aircraft in their possession. The amount of stress placed on aircraft during each flight is great and with that come discrepancies that need to be repaired. During takeoffs and landings is usually when the most stress is placed on the airframe, because this stress is so high there are many scheduled inspections that need to...
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...CHAPTER 11 FORECASTING MODELS SOLUTIONS TO DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 11-1. The steps that are used to develop any forecasting system are: 1. Determine the use of the forecast. 2. Select the items or quantities that are to be forecasted. 3. Determine the time horizon of the forecast. 4. Select the forecasting model. 5. Gather the necessary data. 6. Validate the forecasting model. 7. Make the forecast. 8. Implement the results. 11-2. A time-series forecasting model uses historical data to predict future trends. 11-3. The only difference between causal models and time-series models is that causal models take into account any factors that may influence the quantity being forecasted. Causal models use historical data as well. Time-series models use only historical data. 11-4. Qualitative models incorporate subjective factors into the forecasting model. Judgmental models are useful when subjective factors are important. When quantitative data are difficult to obtain, qualitative models are appropriate. 11-5. Least squares refers to holding the sum of the square of the difference between the observed values and the regression line to a minimum. 11-6. The disadvantages of the moving average forecasting model are that the averages always stay within past levels, and the moving averages require extensive record keeping of past data. 11-7. When the smoothing value, α, is high, more weight is given to recent data. When α is low, more weight is given to past...
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...Opponents to Congress’ push to save the A-10 from retirement argue that the A-10 is outdated and needs to be replaced by a more technologically advanced aircraft, more specifically, the F-35.3 The F-35 has far more advanced features, including state-of-the-art stealth and electronic warfare configurations.3 In support to this advocacy, General Herbert J. Carlisle of the United States Air Force argues that other countries such as Russia and China are quickly advancing their air weaponry to a level that is superior to that of the USAF’s current airframe lineup.4 This information would necessitate the Air Force to begin retiring older airframes and integrating new technology, such as the F-35, sooner rather than later. Additionally, it is approximated that the USAF could save $3.5 billion over five years if it were to retire the A-10 right now.4 Amidst budget cuts, this is a strong argument, however only one side of the...
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...Please do not call or email me and ask for an up dated resume… This is an up to date resume go to http://arthurwilson.vze.com And get a WORD DOC RESUME there. Thank You ARTHUR WILSON CLEVELAND, OHIO Home: (216) 441-3840 Cell : (216) 216 246-6422 Email : arthurwilson3rd@hotmail.com To see sample 3D models and Download Word doc of my resume, please go to my website at http://arthurwilson.vze.com http://www.turbosquid.com/Beta/Search/Index.cfm?keyword=arthurwilson3rd BACKGROUND: Over 20 years of practical work experience and on the job training in the engineering field. Experienced, capable and innovative mechanical designer with record of effective participation and leadership in vitally important and complex projects Demonstrated management competence and broad engineering comprehension by coordinating diverse mechanical engineering ,mechanical design and design drafting disciplines to effect optimum results in adhering to completion schedules and maintaining high quality, safe design and construction relating to the aerospace and defense industry per ANSI-Y-14.5 & DOD-D-100/DOD-STD-1000. EDUCATION: 1980 - 1983 Los. Angeles Trade Technical College Major Course of Study and Details of Classes Mechanical Design Drafting Computer Aided Drafting Tech. Illustration College Level Mathematics Mathematics for engineers ANSI-Y-14.5 Geometric Tolerances and Dimensioning Tolerance analysis and application in design/manufacturing practice. Tolerance...
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