...Jordan Ilagan Date of submission: 03 SEPT 2012 Discussion topic: Airports,Airspace, and traffic control Airspace Airspace is one of the most important facts you should know,understand, and follow by heart in the professional aviation field. How important do you think airspace is? Well it’s amazing when you’re observing airplanes flying in the sky looking from the ground. Most people don’t realize the preparations that happens before a flight. Checking weather,flight planning, and understanding the rules and regulations of you’re route of flight. Like I said, looks can be deceiving when admiring from earth. A pilot needs to know the highest mountain peak in the area of flight, the route in and out of departing and arriving of airports airspace. As a manager of an airline you have to understand how important airspace is, so that you can understand the importance of hiring good pilots. The first airspace I want to discuss is class A airspace or ALPHA. This airspace is very simple. It starts from FL180 MSL (flight level 18,000 feet mean sea level) and extends up to FL600 as its ceiling. The only aircrafts that can operate in this airspace are aircrafts under IFR. This airspace is as similar as a highway for cars, but a highway for airplanes flying at 500 plus knots. This airspace is generally used by only commercial airliners and other large turbine jets. The second airspace is class B airspace or BRAVO. This ones a little more complex and tricky then the rest of them, but...
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...PSC-126 Final Take Home #1 Aircraft Law: Liability Issues of aircraft liability internationally predominantly relate to remedying issues of legal status of international passengers and cargo. The concerns are expressed such as: authority over airspace, the effect of aerospace craft on the ecosystem, the role of aerospace technology in the international system, weather modification, and air safety and international aviation relations. Significant progress and expansion in the scope of air transport services and technology earned the sector a distinguishing worldwide appeal. The latter is the most outstanding feature of the industry, which allowed, "Every part of the world [to be reached] within a few hours of every other and, in doing so … brought about a revolution in world trade, in business contacts, and in methods of diplomacy (Goh 1995).” The ethics of air law have been advancing at a rapid pace since the start of the 21st Century; conversely, they continue lacking to meet the standards of modern society. Anxiety for this massive evolution and the associated repercussions twisted the impetus to concoct a method to ensure logical and applicable growth. Thus, "The general policy of the world community in regard to emerging issues of air law demands the maintenance and promotion of a balance between technological advance in aviation and the preservation of a wholesome environment by providing adequate policies and prescriptions (Bhatt 1984).” The original governing...
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...When flying out of an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure or the air is less dense you will need to reset you altimeter for that given pressure. If you do not reset the altimeter it will show a higher altitude than you are actually flying. High to low look out below, your aircraft altimeter may show you flying at 6000’ when you are truly 3000’ depending on the difference in pressure. This could be deadly if any other aircraft are in your area and you have the perception of being at a different altitude. Landing on a runway that is narrower than what you are used to can create the illusion that your aircraft is higher than what you think it is. Optical illusions like this could cause a lower than normal approach, due to the runway looking smaller or farther away. This illusion will cause a pilot to run the risk of a collision with an object or possibly even not make it to the runway due to the approach being too low. I want an instrument rating because I believe it makes a safer more confident pilot. I can mention several occasions of pilots getting into an IMC condition while flying VFR, JFK’s aircraft, most recent a Blackhawk helicopter locally that ran into fog and crashed, speculation is the pilot became disoriented. On the coast fog will roll in with zero visibility in 20 -30 minutes on occasion. “Many accidents are the result of pilots who lack the necessary skills or equipment to fly in marginal visual meteorological conditions (VMC) or IMC and attempt...
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...commanders will need to manage the use of airspace to enable multidimensional manoeuvre—coordinating joint and coalition assets and denying adversaries. Battlespace management, in an era of uninhabited and automated systems, is becoming increasingly complex. The author argues for the development of a ‘land force air and missile defence’ (LFAMD) to enhance friendly capability and defeat conventional and asymmetrical enemy manoeuvre. Introduction T he Australian Defence Force (ADF) Future Warfighting concept asserts that ‘the challenges of complex environments reinforce our view that warfare is multi-dimensional.’ 1 In future warfare, because of the presence of both conventional and asymmetric air threats, air and missile defence will become an essential capability in enabling the land force to conduct multi-dimensional manoeuvre. Australian Army Journal • Volume III, Number 2 • page 109 Military Technology • Lieutenant Colonel Inger Lawes The Future Land Operating Concept Complex Warfighting describes the contemporary operational environment in terms of defining characteristics such as complex physical, human and informational terrain and urban environments, increased threat diversity, diffusion and lethality. These characteristics necessarily impose a broader spectrum of challenges, increase unpredictability and ultimately give rise to ambiguous and asymmetric threats, including terrorism. 2 ‘Airspace’ is the third dimension of the operational...
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...importantly, enhance safety. The enhancements to the national air transportations system will consist of 4 elements in addition to GPS. These are ADS-B, NextGen Enabled Weather, NextGen Data Communications, National Airspace Voice Switch. The overall goal of NextGen is to manage our increasingly crowded national airspace with more efficiency, safety, and provide a positive environmental impact while reducing costs. NextGen Air Transportation System The demand for air travel has increase significantly over the last few of decades since deregulation. That demand shows no sign of slowing down despite rising fuel costs and economic uncertainty in the U.S. and Europe (Karp, 2012). Gregory Karp (2012) of the Chicago Tribune stated that the airline industry, which traditionally has run in boom-and-bust cycles, has a good chance to be profitable over the next 20 years as demand for air travel grows worldwide. Price (2007) reports that the number of passengers carried by U.S. commercial air carriers is on track to hit the one billion mark by 2015. The previous statements alone may seem like good news for the airline industry. However, the rising demand in air travel is starting to be increasingly troubling news for the national airspace system. As the demand for air travel increased so has the amount of congestion in the...
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...as they take off or land and taxi from or to the door. Their essential capacity is to discrete air ship on the air terminal surface. However, numerous air terminals in the United States don't have towers so controllers at remote methodology control offices guide air ship into and out of those airplane terminals. As FAA travels through the move of "air traffic" from radar-based to satellite-based, controllers and pilots will have the benefit of progressively modern innovation. While radars oblige air ship to fly over their physical areas on the ground, satellite-innovation will permit controllers to guide airplane in more straightforward courses through the country's airspace. Basically, every controller in the United States will have the capacity to see the careful position of each air ship flying in our airspace, regardless of where in the nation they work. (www.faa.gov, n.d.) Improvement of air traffic control system in the United States This will enhance ATC efficiency, upgrading limit and wellbeing. The objective of NextGen is to give new capacities that make air transportation more secure and more solid while enhancing the limit of the NAS and lessening flight's sway on the earth. The...
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...Individual Work-Week 7 Melissa Moore Everest College, CPO4003-2 Instructor DePlato 5/29/14 Borders can be real or artificial, but they are basically the lines that separate geographic areas. The borders of the United States for instance, consist of the East and West Coasts which means that we are not a landlocked country. Due to their geography, they would be relatively difficult to penetrate. We also have our Northern and Southern borders which are land borders of considerable length. These borders also contain some very remote areas that can be hard to patrol in order to ensure that these borders are secure. “The northern border, though, is typically seen as a less likely spot for illegal crossings because it borders on a rich country as opposed to a relatively poor one. In these ways, geography determines which U.S. borders are most likely to be crossed illegally” (Inknparkchick, 2012). In most countries, borders are protected by a military or law-enforcement presence of some sort and these countries protect their borders for various reasons. “Borders - particularly national borders - affect travel and migration. People can usually move freely within their own country’s borders, but may not be allowed to cross into a neighboring country” (National Geographic Society, 2014). Each individual country will have its own rules as to who is allowed to travel, work, and live within their borders. Many countries will issue work permits or visas to...
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...controllers skills to limit. Jim Courtney, an air traffic controller at LaGuardia Airport in New York, says: there are half a dozen moments of sheer terror in each year when you did something else for a living. New York – the worlds busiest airspace The busiest airspace in the world is above New York. Around 7500 planes arrive and depart each day at new yorks three airports, John F. Kennedy , LaGuardia and Newark. The three airports form a triangle around Newyork and are just 15 miles from each other. This requires careful coordination of traffic patterns, approach and take-off routes, using predetermined corridors in the sky to keep the planes away from each others. If the wind changes, all three airports work together to change the flight paths. Sophisticated technology fitted to most of the bigger planes creates a safety zone around the aircaraft so that when two aircrafts get near to each other their computers negotiate which is going to take acation to avoid the other and then alert the pilot who changes course. Smaller aircraft, without radar, rely upon vision and the notion of ‘little plane big sky’. During the passage into or out of an airport, each plane will pass through the hands of about eight different controllers. The airspace is divided into sectors...
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...Integration of NextGen Technologies Into The National Airspace System By A Research Paper Submitted to the Extended Campus in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Professional Aeronautics Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Extended Campus Dyess Resident Center February 20, 2010 ABSTRACT Researcher: Title: Integration of NextGen Technologies Into The National Airspace System Institution: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Degree: Professional Aeronautics Year: 2010 Despite the turn in the economy business and leisure travel along with commercial air cargo has remained constant and continues to grow, the only problem is that the National Airspace System (NAS) has not. The NAS in the United States is at capacity that has led to the ongoing problem of delays in departures and arrivals and to mention the safety concern for overcrowded skies and airports. The overhaul of the NAS was over due and with the abundance of technologies available NextGen technologies will ensure that the United States not only has an airspace system that is safe but also is one that is sustainable. The National Airspace System (NAS) as we know it is at capacity and without a plan for upgrade in the near future; this was found out when a study was conducted on the NAS and its capabilities in 2001. The NAS without upgrade or overhaul would continue to operate itself into the ground. With take off and arrival delays continuing to...
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...Safety of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle The unmanned Ariel vehicle known as the drone has raised many questions about its presence in the sky, such as does the future of air power belong to unmanned systems? The unmanned Ariel vehicle is used for military and homeland security purposes. The safety of these vehicles for other purposes is under scrutiny. The use of these vehicles in the wrong hands can cause major damage. Unmanned aerial vehicles are rarely used by public safety officials such as police and firefighters. Public safety officials use drones for surveillance to protect unsafe areas, they are used for rescue missions as well. The unmanned aerial vehicle was created to collect data, do border control and other activities. Because of the rapidly growing crimes the unmanned aerial vehicle has mainstreamed. Crisis such as low surveillance and reconnaissance has placed the unmanned aerial vehicle in high demand. The unmanned aerial vehicle has definitely evolved because of innovative technology. Because of new and innovative technologies, one must also ensure the safety and security of unmanned aerial vehicle software. Protecting the safety of the software used to fly the unmanned aerial vehicle is crucial. According to military embedded systems, there are two kinds of standards to consider for UAV safety and security: (Which safety/security standards should be in place, 2013) * Process standards describe the development processes to be followed to ensure that the...
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...NextGen and Long Island MacArthur Airport Work Cited 1. "Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen)." Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. <http://www.faa.gov/nextgen/>. 2. Herbert, Keith. "Long Island Aviation Jobs At Stake Under New Plan” - LIBAA News and Industry Updates - Long Island Business Aviation Association LIBAA. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. <http://www.libaa.org/libaa-news-updates/libaa-news-and-industry-updates/long-island-aviation-jobs-at-stake-under-new-plan>. 3. "Put NextGen Air Traffic Control at MacArthur." Newsday. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. <http://www.newsday.com/opinion/put-nextgen-air-traffic-control-at-macarthur-1.3830187>. 4. "Town of Islip." NYS and LI Lawmakers Urge FAA to Choose Long Island MacArthur Airport (LIMA) as New Home for New Air Traffic Control Facility. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. <http://www.townofislip-ny.gov/news/press-releases/37-town-council/1897-nys-and-li-lawmakers-urge-faa-to-choose-long-island-macarthur-airport-lima-as-new-home-for-new-air-traffic-control-facility>. 5. Sleter, Greg. "Officials Say New ATC Facility Would Save, Create Jobs - Port Jefferson, NY Patch." Port Jefferson Patch. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. <http://portjefferson.patch.com/articles/officials-say-new-atc-facility-would-save-create-jobs>. 6. N/A . “BISHOP, SCHUMER, ISRAEL, CROCI GIVE TOUR OF MACARTHUR AIRPORT TO FAA ADMINISTRATOR...
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...the accounting treatments for intangible assets. An intangible asset is defined as identifiable non-monetary asset that has no physical form which is controlled by the entity and is expected to generate future economic benefits (Jaroslav and Alois, n.d.) . The definition of assets has identified 3 key characteristics. Firstly, the intangible asset has to be identifiable. The controlled airspace met the identifiable criterion as it arises from legal rights. According to Gray (n.d.), airspace should be a free territory and has a status of ‘no-man's land’. However, CAA has been given the rights by the federal government to undertake all aviation related functions. CAA issue license which the aircraft must have to pay for the license in order to utilize the airspace. Secondly, an intangible asset has to provide future economic benefits, which mean there should be cash flow whether directly or indirectly, to the entity. To achieve this goal, the entity has to employ its assets to produce goods and service to create value and benefits in order to satisfy customers’ needs and wants. The controlled airspace (CAS) established has value that is able to satisfy the needs and wants of customers as the purpose of CAS is to protect the aircraft during various phases of flight. It provides efficient flow of traffic besides facilitate a safe flight (Civil Aviation Authority, n.d.). According to Civil Aviation Authority (n.d.), the aircraft must be in receipt with Air Traffic Control (ATC) service...
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...REPORT ON STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES) TRAINING PROGRAMME AT The Nigerian Airspace Management Agency (NAMA) NAMA Headquarters, Murtala Mohammed International Airport P.M.B. 21084, Ikeja, Lagos Phone: +234(01)7618376, 2120512, 7767185, (0709)8001337 E-mail: info@namahqtr.net BY NAME: KOYA TEMITOPE ABAYOMI MATRIC NO: ACU/597 PROGRAMME: INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY FROM: MAY - OCTOBER 2009. AJAYI CROWTHER UNIVERSITY, OYO. FACULTY OF SCIENCE DEPARMENT OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES. BEING A REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE SIWES CO-ORDINATOR IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME. 1 DEDICATION I dedicate this report first and foremost to Almighty God who has been there right from the beginning to this very point. Special dedication also to my ever supportive parents, for their relentless support and compassion towards me during the course of my six months SIWES training. To God is the glory. 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENT With a deep sense of appreciation, respect and gratitude, I want to say a big thank you to my parents, brothers, sisters and other relatives and non relative friends for their caring attitude and support from the beginning of my pursuit for B.Sc degree in Information Communication Technology to this point. I also want to express my appreciation to my immediate supervisors, Mr. Ifeanyi Ogochukwu, (ICT Manager, NAMA) and Mrs. Onusi (Information Technology Services Manager (ITSM), NAMA), for their intellectual...
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...entrance to runway from a taxiway. Located L side of taxiway within 10 feet of hold position markings. Mandatory: Holding position for runway/runway intersection. Denotes intersecting runway. Located L side of rwy prior to intersection, & R side if rwy more than 150’ wide, used as taxiway, or has “land & hold short” ops. Mandatory: Holding position for runway approach area. Denotes area to be protected for aircraft approaching or departing a runway. Located on taxiways crossing thru runway approach areas where an aircraft would enter an RSA or apch/ departure airspace. Mandatory: Holding position for ILS critical area/precision obstacle free zone. Denotes entrance to area to be protected for an ILS signal or approach airspace. Located on twys where the twys enter the NAVAID critical area or where aircraft on taxiway would violate ILS apch airspace (including POFZ). Mandatory: No entry. Denotes aircraft entry is prohibited. Located on paved areas that aircraft should not enter. B Taxiway Location. Identifies taxiway on which the aircraft is located. Located along taxiway by itself, as part of an array of taxiway direction signs, or combined with a runway/ taxiway hold sign. 22 Runway Location. Identifies the runway on which the Normally located where the proximity of two rwys to one aircraft is located. another could cause confusion. Runway Safety Area / OFZ and Runway Approach Area Boundary. ...
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...Pilot School and post-graduate student at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. DOD COSTS OF NOT PREPARING FOR NEXTGEN Abstract In order to facilitate a significant overhaul of the civilian National Airspace System (NAS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has partnered with many federal agencies, such as the departments of Transportation (DOT), Defense (DoD), Homeland Security (DHS), 2 and Commerce (DOC) and the National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) through a consolidated Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO) that was established by Congress in 2003 in the VISION 100 – Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act (JPDO, 2012). The JPDO has proposed replacing the old NAS structure of primarily ground-based navigation with robust satellite-enabled air traffic procedures and to supplement ground-based air traffic controller workload with advanced datalink and trajectory-based operations algorithms for de-conflicting aircraft on the ground and in the air. The hope is to reduce the required separation between aircraft and the decrease the human workload, without sacrificing safety. Department of Defense (DoD) leaders should consider lessons learned from past decisions with regard to cost avoidance versus cost savings following the smaller domestic airspace change, reduced vertical separation minimum (RVSM). The lost cost savings from...
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