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Steel type – AISI 4130
AISI 4130 is a low alloy steel which contains molybdenum and chromium which are used as strengthening agents improving the materials properties. This material has a low carbon content of 0.30% which means that the material is excellent for welding. AISI 4130 can be hardened by heat treatment.

AISI 4130 has a density of 7.85 g/cm3 and a melting point of 1432 degrees Celsius. These properties mean that the steel can be used for components which may be subdued to high temperatures. Even with this high melting point AISI 4130 can be welded using all the standard welding methods. AISI 4130 can be heat treated by being heated up to 871 degrees Celsius and then soaked in oil. This will then alter the internal structure …show more content…
PTFE is used for the non-stick coating on pans and other cooking utensils. It is not reactive because of the strength of the carbon and fluorine bonds so it is often used in containers and pipework to transport reactive and corrosive chemicals. PTFE can also reduce friction, wear and energy consumption of machinery which helps to prolong the machines life and reduce damage to the parts.

PTFE is produced by free-radical polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene. The equation for this process is:

n F2C=CF2 → 1/n —{ F2C—CF2}n—

Tetrafluoroethylene can explosively decompose to tetrafluoromethane and carbon which means special equipment is needed for the polymerization to prevent hot spots that might start of the explosive decomposition.

PTFE is also poorly soluble in almost all solvents so the polymerization has to take place as an emulsion in water. An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible.

Properties
Density 2200 kg/m3
Melting point 327 °C
Thermal expansion 135 • 10−6 K−1 [21]
Thermal diffusivity 0.124 mm²/s …show more content…
It is also used in shoes on the places where the most impact and friction will be to prolong the life of the shoe. PTFE is also used to coat armoured piercing rounds to stop any damage to the fire arms when in use. Many bicycle lubricants for the chains and bearings contain PTFE as well.

Ceramic type – Alumina
Alumina is a form of synthetically produced aluminium oxide, Al2O3. Alumina is a powdered substance used as a starting material for the smelting of aluminium metal. It is also used to make lots of ceramic products and is also used as an active agent in chemical processing.

Aluminium oxide is a mixture of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formula Al2O3. It commonly occurs in its crystalline polymorphic phase and some varieties of which can form the precious gemstones ruby and sapphire.