History Exam Review Notes
WW1:
Causes:
Militarism: the belief in the power of strong armies/navies to decide issues
- Germany began to build up their armies
- European nations became alarmed by others military power
- Each country tried to build larger/more powerful war machines; new technology
Alliance System: Alliances- groups formed in Europe to support each other in attack
- War between two nations would involve more than one country
- Triple Entente- Russia, Britain, France
- Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Nationalism: a feeling of deep loyalty to one’s own land
- Germany wanted to make empire
- Nationalism strong in Serbia à led to assassination of Duke Franz Ferdinand
Imperialism: industrialized countries building oversea empires; desire to have a bigger empire
- Major imperialist countries à France, Britain, Russia
- Germany wanted to expand/dominate on global scale, but by the time they wanted to build own empire, no valuable territories remained
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, 1914
- Serbian Gavrilo Princip shot Austro-Hungarian Duke Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, on the road back from City Hall; goal was to crush Austria-Hungary’s nationalism
Alliances
Triple Entente- Russia, Britain, France
Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Schlieffen Plans
German General that created a plan that was used by the Germans in hope to defeat France
Battles
Ypres: First use of chemical warfare- Germany Battle of Ypres 1915; Chlorine gas strips lining of lungs, has distinct odour; mustard gas is odourless, remains active for weeks, causes victim to vomit, blister skin, internal/external bleeding
Vimy Ridge: Canadians won the battle of Vimy, giving the nation pride. This was a battle no other country has succeeding in, giving hope to the