...Gravatt Dear Ms Turner Please find enclosed/attached the report which you requested on the 4 June 2012 for assessment in the units QLD594JUS01A- Analyse Social Justice Issues and BSBRES401- Analyse and Present Research Information. The aim of the research was to investigate /analyse/identify the Consumption of alcohol at harmful levels among young people which increasing in Australia. This report presents the findings of this investigation and is based on an analysis of both primary and secondary source data including the results of a survey prepared and conducted by Mr. Tricker the writer of the report. This report includes a number of recommendations to assist in addressing the issues raised in the research. I express my gratitude to the participants who completed the survey and who provided valuable input into this research. I look forward to discussing these recommendations with you and will be available to do so at a time convenient to you. Yours faithfully, Kieran Tricker Student, the Diploma of Justice Administration Program MSIT-2012 A report which outlines that Consumption of alcohol at harmful levels among young people is increasing in Australia. By Kieran Tricker Student of MSIT QLD594JUS01A- Analyse Social Justice Issues and BSBRES401- Analyse and Present Research Information. 4 June 2012 Table of contents Introduction ...
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...What are the options? pricing and taxation policy reforms to redress excessive alcohol consumption and related harms in australia natacha Carragher & Jenny Chalmers1 nsW Bureau of Crime statistics and research 1 Natacha Carragher, Research Fellow, ATCL, BSc(Hons), PhD. Jenny Chalmers Senior Research Fellow, BEc(Hons), MEc, PhD. Drug Policy Modelling Program, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales. Address for correspondence: Dr Natacha Carragher, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052. Tel: 02 9385 0249. Fax: 02 9385 0222. Email: n.carragher@unsw.edu.au 2011 Published by the NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research Attorney General’s Department Level 8 St James Centre 111 Elizabeth Street Sydney 2000 Australia Phone: +61 (2) 9231 9190 Fax: +61 (2) 9231 9187 Email: bcsr@agd.nsw.gov.au Website: www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au ISBN 978-1-921824-33-3 This report is available in pdf format on our website and may be provided in alternative formats. Please contact the Bureau on 02 9231 9190 or email us at bcsr@agd.nsw.gov.au © State of New South Wales through the Attorney General’s Department of NSW 2011. You may copy, distribute, display, download and otherwise freely deal with this work for any purpose, provided that you attribute the Attorney General’s Department of NSW as the owner. However, you must obtain permission if you wish to (a) charge others for access to the work (other than...
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...What are the options? pricing and taxation policy reforms to redress excessive alcohol consumption and related harms in australia natacha Carragher & Jenny Chalmers1 nsW Bureau of Crime statistics and research 1 Natacha Carragher, Research Fellow, ATCL, BSc(Hons), PhD. Jenny Chalmers Senior Research Fellow, BEc(Hons), MEc, PhD. Drug Policy Modelling Program, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales. Address for correspondence: Dr Natacha Carragher, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052. Tel: 02 9385 0249. Fax: 02 9385 0222. Email: n.carragher@unsw.edu.au 2011 Published by the NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research Attorney General’s Department Level 8 St James Centre 111 Elizabeth Street Sydney 2000 Australia Phone: +61 (2) 9231 9190 Fax: +61 (2) 9231 9187 Email: bcsr@agd.nsw.gov.au Website: www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au ISBN 978-1-921824-33-3 This report is available in pdf format on our website and may be provided in alternative formats. Please contact the Bureau on 02 9231 9190 or email us at bcsr@agd.nsw.gov.au © State of New South Wales through the Attorney General’s Department of NSW 2011. You may copy, distribute, display, download and otherwise freely deal with this work for any purpose, provided that you attribute the Attorney General’s Department of NSW as the owner. However, you must obtain permission if you wish to (a) charge others for access to the work (other than...
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...assignment in a succinct manner. This is a very important business skill and one that you should seek to develop. Your assignment should answer each question fully, but at the same time be to the point, focused on answering the questions, and should not include unnecessary duplication of points or information. Presentation Assignments must be typed, although diagrams can be hand drawn as they can be difficult and pointlessly time-consuming drawn by computer. You must acknowledge your sources – i.e. where you are using the words or ideas of another person. However, there is no need to research other sources for this assignment. ******** Alcohol Taxes Smoking is the largest cause of drug-related deaths and hospitalisations in Australia,...
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...as the consumption of a sufficiently large amount of alcohol, which places the drinker at increased risk of experiencing alcohol related problems and to places others at risk of second hand effects (Wechsler & Nelson, 2001). Binge drinking is measured as the consumption of five or more drinks, in a row at some stage, within a two-week period for men and four or more drinks in a row for women (Wechsler & Nelson, 2001). Youth binge drinking is perceived to be an issue from a societal perspective due to the dose-related adverse consequences. The inappropriate consumption of alcohol by youths is directly linked to a range of problems to society, including health issues, lower life expectancy, accidents, reduced workplace productivity, drink driving, violence and other forms of crime (Collins & Lapsley, 2008). Hospital records of alcohol related harm to youths show an increased of up to 70% when drinking alcopops (University of Queensland, 2013). The economic costs to society for binge drinking in 2010 was estimated to be in excess of $14 billion (Figure 1) (Australian Institute of Criminology, 2013) (Manning & Smith, 2013). Figure 1: Cost to society of alcohol related issues 2010 (Australian Institute of Criminology, 2013) Australia has had many policies and plans to reduce alcohol consumption, including the National Health Policy on Alcohol in Australia (1989) and the Implementation of the National Health Policy in Australia. The most recent effort to affect the alcohol consumption...
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...(VOA news 2007), and alcohol related social problem is more and more severe in Australia recently. Many scholars put up with the idea to levy more tax to reduce the consumption of alcohol. The article ‘cheap wine the biggest culprit’ is focus on wine consumption to illustrate the call for tax reform. This essay is to explain three questions mentioned following by the article. Specifically, it further examines the suggestion for heavy tax on alcohol concerning the elasticities of demand for alcohol. Question 1: Using the data provided in the article, calculate the price elasticity of demand for alcohol. According to Jackson, McIver and Wilson (2012, p.153), own-price elasticity of demand which is simply know as elasticity of demand is a way to measure the sensitiveness of consumers’ demand to a change in the product’s price, and the formula to calculate it is the percentage change in quantity demanded of a good divided by the percentage change in its price. The law of demand illustrates that the price and quantity demanded are inversely related verifying from the down-sloping demand curve, therefore the own-price elasticity must be negative. However, it is conventional to ignore the negative sign, and simply use the absolute form of the elasticity of demand. In this article, it shows that for a 10 percent increase in price of alcohol could have about 5 percent decrease in consumption. According to above formula, the price elasticity of demand for alcohol is 0.5 (5%/10%). Moreover...
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...…………….…………….…………7 4.3 Non-pricing policy…………….…………….…………….……….……….7 5.0 Conclusion...…………………………………………………………….……….8 6.0 Reference List……………………………………………………………….…..9 1.0 Introduction This report aims to cover the effectiveness of an alcopops tax in relation to deterring youth binge drinking in Australia. Reducing the levels of drinking, harmful drinking and alcohol problems among young people is crucial from economic and societal perspectives (Araoz, 2012). Therefore, it is important to contextualise youth binge drinking. Additionally, taking this a step further by presenting and describing an economic model, which illustrates a tax on producers bringing alcohol levels to a socially efficient consumption. Lastly, critically analysing strengths and limitations of an alternative pricing policy (minimum price) and non-pricing policy, which have been successful. 2.0 Setting the context The term 'binge drinking' generally refers to drinking heavily over a short period of time with the intention of becoming intoxicated, leading to various costs from an economic and societal perspective (Anderson, 2008). Negative social costs underlying youth binge drinking in Australia include interpersonal violence, drunk driving and lost economic productivity (NIAAA, 2000). Therefore, much of the burden of such problems is initially born by first response and public emergency services (Collins & Lapsley 2002). Figure 1 clearly reflects this, showing 3,000 hospitalisations...
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...Introduction The British Medical Association notes that alcohol is a psychoactive preparation that, when misused, can cause significant harm to individuals and society (2008). Similarly,...
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...Alcohol use in elderly Alcohol is part of our culture- it helps us celebrate and socialize and it enhances our religious ceremonies. In one word is social drug and in other word is depressant drug. Depressant drug because it slows down the messages travelling between the brain and the body. How does alcohol affect older adults? * When adults age 65 and older drink the same amount of alcohol as younger people, their blood alcohol levels are typically 30 to 40 per cent higher. The higher blood alcohol concentration results from an age-related decrease in the amount of body water in which to dilute the alcohol. Therefore, although they can metabolize and eliminate alcohol as efficiently as younger persons, the elderly are at increased risk for intoxication and adverse effects. * One reason for this is that older bodies tend to have less alcohol dehydrogenase available. This is the enzyme in the stomach that starts to break down alcohol before it reaches the bloodstream. * Women in general have less body water than men. * A higher blood alcohol level is associated with a higher risk of intoxication, cognitive difficulties and problems with balance and co-ordination. * Older adults’ sensitivity to alcohol may also be heightened by medical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension or dementia or by medications. Signs of alcohol problems in older adults * Focusing on how much alcohol an older person is consuming is not overly helpful in determining if a problem...
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...initial analysis of alcohol and drug-related violence inquiry in Sydney (CBD) makes it clear that the ‘problem’ has been represented to be alcohol consumption and substance abuse, causing violence and anti-social behaviour in King Cross and around the CBD areas, which, in turn, has triggered public safety. Clearly, the ‘problem’ has been directed to individuals, licensed premises and trading hours. Bacchi (2009) argues that, rather fixing and addressing policy problems, how policy makers construct or represent ‘problems’ in a particular way, will give shape the problem, which in turn, will be the representation of the policy problem. Bacchi (2009) suggests that the representation of the problem will determine the policy response of a particular issue or problem. Following the death Daniel Christie as a result of being assaulted in King Cross, on the 21th January 2014, the New South Wales (NSW) State Government introduced new restrictions on licensed premises to reduce alcohol-related violence (Roth, 2014). Therefore, the new regulations (the January 2014 reforms) specifically focusses on licensed premises through restrictions( contained in the Liquor Amendment Act, 2014) on the trading hours such as, 1:30 am lockouts, 3a.m last alcohol, a freeze on new liquor licences, no alcohol takeaway after 10 pm, banning of people up to 48 hours, extension of temporary and long-term banning orders issued to “trouble-makers”, suspension of online responsible service of alcohol training and introduction...
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...Summary: Given the prevalence of youth trying alcohol during adolescence, the question of whether a harm minimization practice, such as parental supervision of alcohol, might be a viable option. This question stems from policy stances such as zero tolerance and harm reduction in regards to home alcohol consumption. Zero-tolerance is an abstinence stance that “prohibit[s] the purchase, possession, and consumption of alcohol by youth” (p. 277). On the other hand, harm reduction recognizes the potential for youth to inevitably experiment with alcohol and focuses on minimizing harm as well as teaching about responsible drinking practices. Yes View: Bellis et al. (2009) argues in favor of harm minimization practice in “Teenage Drinking, Alcohol...
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...Alcohol Related Problems Introduction Alcohol related problems is one of today’s contemporary issues, as there are studies that suggest that due to alcohol related problems there are various impacts that it can have to an individual, and it can include social harms and any antisocial behaviour, such as alcohol fueled violence. This literature review will explore academic readings that can help assist identity key issues relating to a criminology perspective of alcohol related problems. Alcohol can have a huge impact on an individual lives which can also effect the community. Ergo, based on past research from the academic readings this literature review will explore prevention strategies that help reduce social harm to the individual and the community, and also the consequences that alcohol can lead to. Benefits of the Literature Review By analysing the academic sources, it can assist in gaining proper knowledge of the effects that alcohol can lead to and the prevention strategies that are able to prevent and reduce social harm to the individual and community from the misuse of alcohol. Ergo, this literature review will benefit ‘assignment three’ as it is able to give a proper understanding of ‘alcohol related problems’ within areas, such as Manly. Consequences of Alcohol Related Problems The Australian Medical Association (2012) mentions that most Australians, especially the youths within society are drinking in a way that puts their own health at risk, which...
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...defined as “a premixed drink which is part spirit or wine and part non-alcoholic drink such as milk or soft drink” (Parliament of Australia 2009, p 4). These types of drinks are generally preferred by young people and generally by females (Parliament of Australia 2009, p 3). The government decided to place a higher tax on RTDs which increased the rate “from $39.36 to $66.67 per litre of alcohol” (Parliament of Australia 2009, p 2). The increased tax was believed to be a necessary measure by the government for purposes that will be examined later. RTDs were taxed at the same rate as full-strength beer but with the increase in tax they became taxed at the same rate that applies to full-strength spirits (Parliament of Australia 2009, p 3) The government stated that the reasons they increased the tariff on RTDs was to firstly close a loophole that appeared in regard to the duty that was placed upon these beverages (RTDs were taxed at the level that full strength beer was taxed at) and to also put the tax on them at the same level that full-strength spirits were taxed (Parliament of Australia 2009, p 2). These are the reasons that are evident on the surface but there is a deeper reason that is related to the initial ones. The deeper reason for the increase in the tax on alcopops was explained by the government as a way to decrease excessive consumption of the beverages that causes harm particularly by young people and more specifically young females. Throughout this essay data from...
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...Cover Page BUSM3311: International Business Name: Vu Tran Hoang Anh | Student ID: s3343719 | SABECO | BUSINESS REPORT | Contents BACKGROUND OF COMPANY 2 AUSTRALIAN MARKET BACKGROUND 4 Market overview 4 Market opportunity 7 COMPETITORS 8 BUSINESS MODEL CONSIDERATION 9 International Joint Venture (IJV) 9 Exporting 10 Wholly Owned Subsidiaries (WOS) 10 PEST ANALYSIS 11 Political 11 Economics 11 Social 12 Technology 13 CRITICAL RISK 14 CONCLUSION 14 REFERENCE LIST 15 BACKGROUND OF COMPANY Saigon Beer Alcohol and Beverage Corporation (SABECO) has a developing history going along with the raise of the brand Saigon Beer. SABECO was officially established in 2003 and the head office is located in 06 Hai Ba Trung Street, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City. Before officially getting in with the current name of SABECO, company had been through several stages of developing and merging. In 1977, Southern Beer Alcohol Company took in charge Cho Lon Beer Company from BGI and then established Saigon Beer Company. In the years from 1988 to 1993, company had 20 branches over Vietnam and took up Saigon Ice Cube Manufacturing Factory, Dakai Mineral Water Factory, Saigon CarnaudMetalbox Joint-venture Company (tin can manufacturer) and Vietnam Malaya Glass Joint-venture...
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...For many Australians, drinking alcohol is part of their social identity. Despite this, excessive alcohol is seen by many as being the most serious concern for the community, even compared to tobacco and heroin. This summary aims to determine the economic theory underpinning the taxation of alcohol and the impact of taxation on economic efficiency. Overall, on average, per capita consumption of pure alcohol is 10.35 litres per person (ABS, 2012). From 2006 to 2011, alcohol consumption per capita for ages 15 and over in litres increased from 10.31 to 10.57 in 2006-07 and started to decrease from 10.56 to 9.99 in 2007-11 (ABS, 2012). From Figure 1, it can be concluded that Australians are slightly heavy drinkers when compared to other countries with similar cultural, social and economic profiles. AIHW (2011) reports that males and those aged between 18 and 29, and also Indigenous Australians were more likely to consume alcohol in risky quantities. Figure 1: Alcohol consumption litres per capita among population aged 15 and over in 2009 (Source: Adapted from OECD iLibrary, 2012) Costs of alcohol consumption affect labour, health and crime. Collins and Lapsley (2008) report that total tangible costs in Australia attributed to alcohol consumption in 2004-05 were estimated to be $10.8 million. Figure 2 shows that lost production in the workforce contributes a large portion, followed by road accidents, healthcare and crime. According to Grogan (2012), 25 drinkers were arrested...
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