...Alcoholism in Adult Magoha Mayagila Research Paper, Psych 2301 Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a non-curable mental disorder that’s affects millions of people worldwide. According to national institute on alcohol and alcoholism, 1 in 12 adults in U.S is suffering from AUD. If not diagnosed early, AUD can effects a person life psychologically, socially and economically. Despite affecting the general population, studies have shown men are two to three times more likely to develop AUD than women due to generic differences (Mettmann D 2014). The androgen receptor (AR) gene, located on X chromosome contains a common polymorphism involving cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeats, which impacts disease and could contribute the unequal sex ratio in alcoholism (Mettman D 2014). Even though men are more susceptible to AUD, the effects of AUD on women health is enormous compared to men. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a psychological tool that have been used to collect mental disorder statistics since 1840. By 1952 American Psychiatric Association developed DMS-I to diagnose mental disorders. Prior to 2013, DMS-IV was the tool of choice for clinical diagnosis for alcoholism. DMS-IV categorized alcoholism into two distinct disorders, alcohol abuse and alcohol dependency; and two distinct criteria, abuse and dependency based on 11 symptoms. Alcohol abuse is defined as a behavior at which a person drinking pattern leads to undesirable acts and behavior...
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...The results for the first method, the Cox model, the average age at marriage was about 30 years old and with a AUD onset of 8-9 years later. With their follow-up period, men were 16% and women were 17% divorced and 1.1% of men and 0.5% of women were registered for AUD. Both males and females had a higher risk of divorce and future AUD if the spouse did not have a lifetime history of AUD. When examining divorce-AUD relationship in cousins and full-sibling pairs, there were a decline in the relationship in discordant relative pairs and a stronger decline in siblings than cousins. Results for monozygotic twin pairs were used in the second method, the co-relative model, and there was a strong relation with divorce and AUD association in married...
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...classified on the type of alcohol beverage: 12oz of beer, 8oz of malt liquor, 5oz of wine, and 1.5oz of distilled spirits or liquor (HHS & USDA, 2015). The U.S. drink standard includes three components of excessive consumption of alcohol: binge drinking (4+ drinks for women and 5+ for men, in a 2-hour span), heavy drinking (8+ drinks for women and 15+ drinks for men, in a 1-week span), and any consumption of alcohol by women who know they are pregnant or any person 20 years old or younger (detriment to growth and development). These components focus not only on the patterns of consumption, more so the volume of alcohol consumption in a time frame. The volume and patterns of alcohol consumption indicate health-risk behaviors,...
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...Alcohol Use/Abuse Assessment Alcohol has been found to be the most commonly misused substance in the United States. There is an estimated 8-16 million people who become physically dependent on alcohol (Doweiko, 2012). Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a term used to identify those individuals whose alcohol consumption has caused negative consequences for them socially, physically, emotionally, and vocationally. Successful treatment of an AUD includes creating a treatment plan for the individual to use as a guide during the rehabilitation process. The following treatment plan will assess the client’s need for alcohol dependence treatment by studying the client’s past and present usage, background, family history, any past or present medical conditions, behavior, and reasoning for entering treatment. Reason for Assessment The client, Bob M., is being assessed at this time based on concerns of his parents about his current alcohol abuse and its effects on his educational aspirations. Bob has failed the first year of college despite having above average intelligence and no previous problems in school. Bob’s parents have stated that financial support for further education will become unavailable if his behavior remains unchanged. Considering that alcohol-induced damage to the hippocampus region of the brain is a possibility for the college drinker (Doweiko, 2012), Bob is in danger of suffering long-term damage in memory processing and information retrieval. Bob has expressed a willingness...
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...Alcohol consumption poses a threat for many public health harms. Impaired driving is one of the largest contributors to motor vehicle crashes (Burris, Grunwald, Anderson, &ump; Filippoli, 2011). In the United States each year roughly 13,400 people die and an additional 255,500 are injured in motor vehicle crashes involving an alcohol-impaired driver according to Burris et al., 2011. In 2006, these crashes accounted for almost a third of all U.S. traffic-related deaths (Burris et al., 2011). Alcohol is the most commonly abused substance in the United States according to Pandrea, Happel, Amedee, Bagby, &ump; Nelson, 2010, and studies show that reducing alcohol consumption can lead to public health improvements such as decreased incidence of “liver cirrhosis, delirium tremens, male suicide, criminality, hospitalizations, alcohol-related disease mortality, workplace injuries, STDs, IPV, rape, robbery, and severe violence towards children” (Jernigan). Public heath deals with many other issues that cause burdens to individuals and society alike such as obesity and gun use. Over the past several months, headlines in the news have been echoing “Chocolate Milk Removed from School Lunches,” and “Senate Considers Federal Tax on Soda.” While the removal of chocolate milk from school menus has actually happened in certain school districts across the country, federal tax on sodas has only been a proposal at this point. However, both echoes resounding through the news originated from escalating...
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...Bipolar Disorder: Effects on One’s Life Seminar II: Developing Learning Tools Ottawa University Ms. Nancy Hindle Tonya Nelson April 11, 2012 Abstract This literature review explores bipolar disorder (BD) and how it can affect one’s life. Patients experience extreme highs (mania/hypomania) and lows (depression) with this disorder. These episodes vary by type. There are various types of BD as well as multiple forms of treatments. There are also links between alcohol abuse or dependence (AUD) and social phobia (SP) with bipolar disorder. After treatment one may lead a full and productive life; however if untreated this disorder can affect mood, behavior and judgment, leading to poor performance at work, school and in one’s social life. Bipolar Disorder: Effects on One’s Life Bipolar disorder (BD) is a brain disorder that can significantly affect a person’s thoughts and behaviors in daily life. Once this disorder is diagnosed, someone with this illness may lead a full and productive life; however, if gone untreated one may have a higher risk of suicide and one’s personal relationships can be negatively impacted. Baldessarini, Viera, Calabrese, Tohen & Bowde (2010) state that there is a delay between diagnosis and correct treatment of five to ten years (p. 145). People with this disorder can have very “high” (mania/hypomania) periods and very “low” (depression) periods in a short amount of time. One can also have milder symptoms. For instance...
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...Chemical Use Assessment/History and Treatment Recommendations for Sheena Tiffany Lawrence Liberty University Chemical Use Assessment/History and Treatment Recommendations for Sheena Name: Sheena DOB/Age: 28 Dates of Interviews: 10/03/14-10/05/14 Evaluator: Tiffany Lawrence Reason for Assessment Sheena is very serious about getting clean so she came to our facility voluntarily. Sheena believes that she has both and alcohol and marijuana problem. She believes the most serious problem out of the two is her problem with alcohol. It is getting to the point that the friends she drinks with even see a problem. Sheena goes out to drink at least once a week but consumes a lot of alcohol and that is where the problem is. Sheena has been in trouble with the law numerous times and it might be due to her alcohol and marijuana use. Sheena has admitted to drinking to feel better when feeling down and this is a problem. Sources of Information At first Sheena was very hesitant about talking to me about her pass and addiction. Sheena was willing to be honest and forthcoming with the necessary information to receive the proper help. This is a clear indicator that she is serious about wanting help. Background Information Sheena is twenty-eight years old and a mother of four. She currently doesn’t have custody of any of her children. Two of her children (sons) are presently in foster care while the other two are living with relatives. Two of Sheena’s children...
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...There are not many people who can understand what a person with an anxiety disorder deals with on a daily basis. But, a good look into Understanding The Anxious Mind will give you a peak into the life of people with anxiety disorders. This article goes in-depth from the moment when infants first start doing things like general interactions with toys and life at 4 months old. This article discusses the research of psychology professor Jerome Kagan on the anxieties and daily worries of infants and children all the way through to adulthood. The general idea that professor Kagan is giving rise to is that certain people in society are predisposed to anxiety due to genetics. In this article his research started with infants between 4-6 months old,...
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...Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is a psychiatric disability in which people experience severe anxiety in social settings and fear judgement or embarrassment during interactions with others. “It is the most common type of anxiety disorder and the third most common mental disorder in the population.” Social anxiety disorder affects several aspects of people’s lives including relationships with family and friends, education, and employment. Society also has an effect on the disability. Social attitudes, culture, history, and laws influence how it is viewed. It usually develops when people are teenagers and may last for several years. However, it may not last their entire life. There is treatment for social anxiety disorder...
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...prevalent in adult men and teenage females. There are many symptoms of alcoholism. Alcoholism is a disease that has no one course of development. Alcoholism is treatable with detoxification, rehabilitation and maintaining sobriety. Prevalence Rates: According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), 16.6 million adults ages 18 and older, 7 percent of people this age, had an alcohol use disorder in 2013. This includes 10.8 million men, 9.4 percent of men this age, and 5.8 million women, 4.7 percent of women this age. About 1.3 million adults received treatment for an AUD at a specialized facility in 2013, 7.8 percent of adults who needed treatment. This included 904,000 men, 8 percent of men in need of treatment and 444,000 women, 7.3 percent of women who needed treatment. According to the NIAA 697,000 adolescents ages 12–17, 2.8 percent of this age group, were estimated to have had an alcohol use disorder. This total includes 385,000 females 3.2 percent of females in this age group and 311,000 males 2.5 percent of males in this age group. The NIAAA estimated 73,000 adolescents, 44,000 males and 29,000 females, received treatment for an alcohol use disorder in a rehabilitation facility in 2013. Symptoms: • Had times when you ended up drinking more, or longer, than you intended? • More than once wanted to cut down or stop drinking, or tried to, but couldn't? • More than once gotten into situations while or after drinking that increased your...
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...States, alcohol is the most commonly used addictive substance affecting about 1 in every 12 adults (Wilcox, 2015). South Dakota has an even higher rate, ranking fourth in total alcohol consumption (Ransom, 2013). Alcohol use can take a toll on one’s health and can also lead to risky behaviors or even death. Nearly 88,000 people die annually due to alcohol-related causes in the United States. Additionally, alcohol consumption can lead to binge drinking, which is typically about 4 drinks for women or 5 drinks for men in a two-hour span. The minimum age to consume alcohol in the United States is 21, but that doesn't stop underage people from drinking. This is extremely relevant in South Dakota where Brookings and Clay County have...
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...Moises Roldan Drug, Alcohol and Behavior Prof. Aikens Alcohol Alcohol is not only one of the most consume drugs not only in the United States but worldwide but it is also one of the most dangerous drugs. There are many studies to support and prove this statement. According to a study made in London, England by CNN alcohol ranks as one of the most harmful among a list of 20 other different drugs including: heroin, and crack cocaine. A panel of experts from the Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs (ISCD) focused in not only the physical, but psychological, and social problems caused by the drugs and based on this determined that alcohol was the most harmful, almost three times (3) as harmful as cocaine and tobacco. The excessive drink of alcohol is a worldwide problem that a lot of people are involved in. People who consume this drug in excessive amount will potentially have short and long term consequences and effects. Some of the side effects alcohol can lead to are many different health problems. Not only physically but sociological problem as well. The effects that a person will be very likely to get when abuse of the substance are base in certain factors such as: 1. How much of the substance the person consumes. 2. How often the substance is consume; the more the amount consume and the more often it is drink the more dangerous and the more likely for the person to experiment and face the effects of...
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...rough is because he is an alcohol addict and has AUD (Alcohol Abuse Disorder). The addiction prevents him from attending to his routine household responsibilities. For instance, when he is drunk, his wife never sleeps on their matrimonial bed. Abuse of alcohol negatively impacts in the religious devotion of an individual (Hedblom, 2007). The client is not in perfect terms with his mother because by being an alcoholic, he is finding it difficult to adhere to his religion, which his mother embraces. His mother has the belief that religion can play a great role in getting rid of the alcohol abuse status. Additionally, the client with his siblings interacts rarely, and that is also attributed to his alcoholism. Agreement to stop using alcohol Besides agreeing to make an appointment with the primary care provider, the client also agrees to attend individual counseling sessions for one hour per day twice a week on every Tuesday and Wednesday. The counseling session will entail the discussion and relationship between alcohol denial and spirituality and the relationship will be connected to alcohol abuse. In the discussion, the counselor will also focus on the after effects of alcoholism to health like liver and heart diseases (A.D.A.M et al., 2013). Crime and physical injury to oneself are other effects of abusing alcohol, and the discussion will belabor on them too. Naltrexone (25 mg) is a drug used to minimize cravings for alcohol, and the client agrees to use it (NCBI, n.d). Moreover...
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...For over one hundred ninety years, members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints have been taught to avoid consuming tobacco and alcohol. Additionally, they are instructed to eat fruit in season and meat sparingly. That grain is for the use of man. That by living this way they will find strength and knowledge. (D&C 89) In the last 100 years, reports from various government agencies and health organizations have promoted diet, exercise and clean living to improve longevity. The “Word of Wisdom”, as this passage came to be known, was first taught in 1833 and describes a lifestyle that promotes using herbs & fruit prudently and eating meat in time of famine. Also addressed is the use of alcohol; “strong drinks are…for the washing of your bodies.”, and tobacco as an item to be used medicinally for bruises and on sick cattle, with knowledge and skill. (D&C 89:7-9) Studies show that people may live longer and healthier by observing the “Word of Wisdom”. It is a lifestyle that includes fruits and grains in the diet, limiting meat, and avoiding the consumption of harmful chemicals, such as tobacco and alcohol. The benefits of the “Word of Wisdom” are within the capacity of the “weak and the weakest” (D&C 89:3), meaning that these changes are as hard to make as one makes them. Observing the “Word of Wisdom” can only benefit those who live by it. Making lifestyle changes can be difficult, however it has been proven that making a few lifestyle changes in diet and other...
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...2014 Abstract The following article is a detailed look at alcohol use disorders and alcoholism. The pages that follow give an inside look at the biological and neurological effects these disorders have on a person. There is also some explanation of treatments and some new research that is being worked on in order to help predict who may be at risk. Alcoholism; A Biological and Psychological Look Inside Alcoholism is a growing problem in today’s society. Every day there are more and more people who are having problems with controlling their drinking or who are admitted to hospitals because of extreme illness caused by alcoholism. There is approximately 15 % of male drinkers and 6% of female drinkers in the United States who will have an alcoholism problem (Sullivan, 2009). Each of these groups has family and friends who are affected by their alcoholism. The link between biology and psychology in relation to alcoholism is a vastly growing interest of study. Neurological research is being done to try and explain the connection and to help create effective treatments. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.;DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) gives clinical descriptions of different types of alcohol related disorders. One such description is that of Alcohol use disorder. This is described in the DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) as a problematic pattern of alcohol consumption that leads to clinically significant impairment...
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