...incarceration and how institutionalized racism is incorporated. Alexander starts off her book by talking about a young man and how his great-great grandpa through himself has been denied the right to vote because of various reasons whether it be slavery or the Ku Klux Klan or in the young man’s case being a felon. This story about a family history of being denied the right to vote shows how racism has changed and how in today’s society it isn’t obvious. Alexander then goes on to talk about how the language we use to justify racism has changed. It was acceptable or legal to discriminate against someone because of the color of the skin, but it is legal to discriminate against a felon (Alexander, 2012) The fact that there are more African Americans in the prison system today than there were slaves shows that there is a target to put them in prison, and that there are more privilege and opportunity for whites to get away with similar crimes that African Americans are being locked away for. An example of institutionalized racism that has occurred recently is the McCleskey v. Kemp Supreme court case. Warren McCleskey was an African American man who was on trial, facing the death penalty for killing a white police officer in an armed robbery. McCleskey’s legal team challenged the death penalty, by saying that the scheme was infected with racial bias and for this reason, it violated the fourteenth and eighth amendments (Alexander, 2012). They showed the Baldus study to try and prove that...
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...Principles of Natural Justice Assignment Topic On Business Law Presented By Alexander T C , IInd Semester MBA Evening Batch 2010-2012 Assignment on Business Laws - Principles of Natural Justice Presented By Alexander T C MBA 2nd Semester IMK –UoK 1. Introduction :- Why Application of Principles of Natural Justice in Managerial Decisions is important? Most Managerial decisions that affect individuals and organisations are made by primary decision makers i.e. front-line administrators and managers. Only a minority of these decisions are reviewed by internal review officers, ombudsmen, courts or tribunals. The quality of administrative justice experienced by the public depends largely on primary decision makers ‘getting it right’. Central to good decision making is decision makers’ understanding of the legal and administrative framework in which decisions should be made. In turn, this depends on whether primary decision makers have adequate knowledge of that framework. While taking a decision a manager has to have the following in his mind to have his decision justified. Procedural Fairness Lawfulness Evidence, Facts And Findings Reasons Accountability 2. Definition:Justice is of two types namely Legal Justice and Natural Justice. Legal justice refers to justice governed by the law of the state and natural Justice refers to moral justice and is governed by the Laws of Equity. Justice done to one seems not injustice to another. So the goodness of a law...
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...Thomas Fleming's Duel: Alexander Hamilton, Aaron Burr and the Future of America, is a story about how politics can turn the most intelligent men into beings they may not actually be. Throughout the story it becomes clear that the author, Thomas Fleming is blatantly biased. It becomes obvious that Fleming not only nurtures a hatred for Alexander Hamilton but the late president Thomas Jefferson. While one could argue that facts are facts the evidence shows that this champion of this so called argument between burr and Hamilton was nothing short premeditated. Fleming seemed intent on blasting his opinion throughout the story without referring to possible explanations for the opposing side and creates an illogical mess. Even I struggled to tolerate the unfairness that came out of Fleming’s mouth thus making it difficult to complete the book. If facts are solely used to present information, instead of manipulated to persuade others, a true...
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...RACISM IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM By Nichole Griffith Advised by Professor Chris Bickel SOC 461, 462 Senior Project Social Sciences Department College of Liberal Arts CALIFORNIA POLYTECHNIC STATE UNIVERSITY June, 2012 © 2012 Nichole Griffith Table of Contents Research Proposal ............................................................................................................................1 Annotated Bibliography ...................................................................................................................2 Outline..............................................................................................................................................6 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................7 Research ..........................................................................................................................................8 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................29 Bibliography .................................................................................................................................31 Research Proposal The goal of my research is to expose the racism in the criminal justice system that is so hidden. I want to show how racism contributes to the huge number...
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...Michelle Alexander is a highly celebrated civil rights lawyer, advocate, and legal scholar. In her book, The New Jim Crow: Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, Alexander discusses the legal systems that seem to be doing their jobs perfectly well but have in fact just replaced one racial caste system with a new one. In this book, Michelle focuses on racial problems in the past as well as the present and argues that the problems are basically the same, if not worse. Alexander’s research was very thorough and motivating to read. She paints a dreadful picture of the modern Jim Crow and how it functions in the world we live in. She uses images that make you cringe but at the same time persuades you that it certainly all true. In her book, Alexander explains that since the Jim Crow laws that legalized segregation have ended, new forms of a racial caste system have come into play. Mass incarceration aggressively targets black men in particular. There are now more African American adults under penal control today (prison, probation, parole) than were enslaved in 1850. This has happened during a time when crime rates have dropped, and not in spite of affirmative action or colorblindness but because of them. What drives the mass incarceration of blacks is the War on Drugs launched by Ronald Reagan in 1982 and supported by almost every politician since. No one wants to give the slightest appearance of being "soft on crime." Alexander identifies many causes of our new...
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...the prison population and was the greatest perpetrator of racial oppression. Police had free reign as to what counted as justified cause and the courts even allowed an implicit drug exception that went against the Bill of rights. Black bodies accumulated within the prison system and even with the removal of mandatory minimums many were set in a perpetual cycle of recidivism. While within the prison the 13th Amendment allowed these same bodies to endure a condition analogous to that of their ancestors. Alexander sheds light on this issue with her inclusion of the example, “ Today, many inmates work in prison, typically earning far less than the minimum wage—often less than $3 per hour, sometimes as little as 25 cents. Their accounts are then “charged” for various expenses related to their incarceration, making it impossible for them to save the money that otherwise would allow them to pay off their debts or help them make a successful transition when released from prison.” (Alexander 70) The previous quote conveys the notion that prisoners are virtually paid very little, one could even argue not at all. The oppressive nature of America’s justice system does not seek to reform prisoners so that...
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...about the tomorrows of our world, but if there were a solution to some of the health problems what would the choice be for most? Would it be to continue in the downward pattern of destruction or would it be something better to help all? In most cases many people state that training starts in the home and what, but a good way to start with none other than our children. So why not consider breast milk? Breast milk is the nutrition of choice for human infants (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2005) Breastfeeding can start as soon as the child is born. With the protection of breast milk the overall focus on disease, illness and sickness would be half the battle. Breast milk provides many benefits and the dietary influence it has on disease is too great to be compared to. Being a new mother for the first time can be very stressful in the beginning. There are many things to do before the baby is before. A new mother has to make many choices that will affect the newborn. Many of those choices will be more challenging than others. Some of the decisions the mother and father have to make before the baby is born can include, which hospital will they deliver, who will be the babies physician, what kind of diapers, will the baby sleep with the parents or her own crib. So many decisions to make but one important thing that will have a huge effect on a newborn is feeding. What will the parent’s decide? Formula or Breast milk? I believe that the best choice for feeding a newborn is definitely breast...
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...Including, but not limited to, having a cabinet of advisers, only running for two terms, and personally responding to rebellions. By the end of his second term he was more than ready to retire. He was concerned about the country so he wrote a farewell address including his advice to later presidents and citizens. Based on the experiences he had as president, he told us not to form political parties, therefore disunifying the country; not to veer off of the constitution; and not to be bias to any country during a foreign war, to stay neutral....
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...The strengths of this source is that it gives insight into the story behind the origin of the pamphlets and goes into great depth about one White Rose member, Sophie Scholl. This is also a weakness however, because the chapter only focuses on one member, it only speaks broadly of the others. This is because the book itself focuses on women during World War II, which is very bias. The year it was published, 2011, is a weakness in itself because about 70 years have passed so the author would obviously not be as knowledgeable about the event if it had been closer...
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...In their article “Assisted Suicide: An Overview” found online at EBSCOHost Connection Library, authors M. Lee and Alexander Stingl explain assisted suicide in the point of view of two parties, pro, and con. “Assisted Suicide is a controversial medical and ethical issue based on the question of whether, in certain situations, doctors should be allowed to help patients actively determine the time and circumstances of their death.” Stated in the article by Lee and Stingl, morality plays a key role in whether or not physicians have a right to assist patients in the final decision for their death. In the thesis above, the authors did not choose a bias on whether assisted suicide is right or wrong and leave it to the audience to decide, based...
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...Although, there was a major push in Great Britain to industrialize at a quick pace, Manchester faced social, economic, and ideological struggles of industrialization initiating a diverse range of reactions. The social problems Manchester faced as a result of their push to industrialize became more evident and open to criticism as the terrible conditions the people were living in came to light. Many people suffered unlivable conditions during the industrialization phase of Manchester; consequently causing many negative reactions. Robert Southey, an English Romantic poet, described the streets as destitute and void of their former life and happiness (doc. 2). He also explored the transition from a pre industrialized Manchester to 1807 Manchester...
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...Isaac Baya History 1430 Paper Selling the Nation World War I, otherwise known as the Great War back in the early 1900s, was said to be the war that ends all wars. During this time there were two sides, the central and allied powers. The central powers consisted of Germany and Austria-Hungary. Opposing them was the allies, which included Great Britain, France, Italy, and Russia. The United States would join the allies in 1917, three years after the war had started. President Woodrow Wilson at the time was very adamant about the United States remaining a neutral country. Despite being neutral, The U.S. continued to trade heavily with the allied powers and started to diminish the exports to Germany. In retaliation, Germany started engaging with American ships in unrestricted submarine warfare and in March of 1917, the Germans had sank 9 U.S. ships (Krugler). Wilson saw Germany as a threat not only to the U.S., but for the spread of democracy across the world. Wilson knew that it was only a matter of time before the U.S. had to enter the war and had to face the huge challenge of mobilizing the nation to support the war through many techniques. Despite promoting neutrality during his time as president, through the effective use of propaganda Woodrow Wilson was able to rally Americans to support him efforts and get involved in World War I. Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines propaganda as “: ideas or statements that are often false or exaggerated and that are spread in order...
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...Muhammad Kamal bin Ismail MC244S5A 2013916883 1 CONCENTRATION OF OWNERSHIP AND CONGLOMERATION AFFECTING MEDIA PLURALISM AND MEDIA ECONOMCS IN MALAYSIA. Media ownership occurs mostly in developed countries around the world, whereby lesser individuals or organizations regulate the shares of the mass media (McEwan, 2007). The concentration of media ownership and conglomeration has said to alter the truthfulness of media delivering information to people. In the United States, there are eight major corporations that controls the broadcast and cable networks (Steiner, 2015). Among the corporations are News Corporation, The Walt Disney Company, National Amusements, Comcast, Time Warner, Discovery Communications, E. W. Scripps Company, and Cablevision. The scenario is criticized to affect media pluralism and media economics. In 2012, a global performance-management consulting company, Gallup, Inc. has conducted a poll on American trust in the mass media. The result shows that the American distrust in the mass media had increased, with 60% of the respondents saying “have little or no trust in the mass media to report the news fully, accurately, and fairly” (Morales, 2012). According to Valcke, Sukosd, & Picard (2016), media pluralism is derived from the word ‘plural’, which defined as an unclear measurable concept indicating the existence of diversity, and plurality itself shows a state of being various. Media pluralism therefore is a system where media outlets...
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...when God promised a nomad leader called Abram and that he would be the father of great people if he did as God told him. Abram was later named ‘Abraham’ and the Jews regarded him as the first Patriarch (head) of the Jewish people. Abraham was the first person to teach the idea that there was only one God; before then, people believed in many Gods. The history of the Jewish people is one fraught with discrimination and persecution. Jews have been discriminated against in the Western world for more than 2,000 years. They have been excluded from society and forced to live separately on many occasions. In bad times, the Jews were hunted, tortured and killed. Although...
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...“Better a diamond with a flaw than a pebble without.” Confucius. Society has all sorts or rules, norms, and values. However, we don’t all necessarily share these common. Ideally, laws embody rules made by society to protect the weak and enforce a common standard. They represent a binding contract between citizens. When we imagine a world where everyone does just what they want, chaos and anarchy remains; at which point none of us would know where we stand when we do things. Fortunately, society has long established and continues to reinforce the importance of rules and structure. In effect, laws make us all responsible to society and its betterment. Everything about daily life is affected by law, whether we like it or not. Laws, good or bad, are essential to society; our “communities”, as we know them, would cease to exist outside this fact. Nevertheless, since humans are not perfect, “human laws”, whatever its source or intended impact/ remedy, are intrinsically flawed. History is consistent with this fact. Laws set “appropriate behaviors”, but “appropriate” is subjective to conditions, time, power, and/ or struggles. While we don’t want to live without laws and, God forbid, become animals, there are laws that should be changed. History proves how laws can often unfairly discriminate against particular groups of people based on race, gender, and/ or sexual orientation. The theory of law is far from the reality of its application. There has been gross misconduct on...
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