...____________________________________ Computer Science, An Overview ------------------------------------------------- Chapter 00 Introduction Read the introduction to the text. The answers to the following questions will appear in order as you read. What is computer science? ------------------------------------------------- The Role of Algorithms What is an algorithm? What are some examples of algorithms? What is a program? What is programming? What is software? What is hardware? Where did the study of algorithms come from? Once you discover an algorithm, do others need to understand it? When does the solution of a problem lie beyond the capabilities of machines? ------------------------------------------------- The History of Computing What are some of the ancestors of the Computer? Eventually, people began using gears for computing. Who are some of the people involved? Which of the men above produced something that was programmable? What were (and are) some uses of holes punched in cards? What kinds of devices replaced gears? What were some early computers? According to the text, what were the first commercially viable computers, and who built them? What happened in 1981? Who wrote the underlying software for the PC? What important development in computers happened as the Twentieth century was closing? What were two big developments for the Internet? (hint, look for the next two bolded phrases) As computers get smaller and...
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...1Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science, NGM College, Pollachi, India, 2Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science, NGM College, Pollachi, India, Abstract —Due to trends like Cloud Computing and Green cloud Computing, virtualization technologies are gaining increasing importance. Cloud is a novel model for computing resources, which aims to computing infrastructure to the network in order to reduce costs of hardware and software resources. Nowadays, power is one of big issue of data centers has huge impacts on society. Researchers are seeking to find solutions to make data centers reduce power consumption. These IDC (Internet Data Center) consume vast amounts...
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...at IITB tend to write long SOPs (1.5 to 2 pages) whereas IITM guys (who get better schools!)Usually write 0.75 page (max. 1 page). Basically, their SOPs are much more direct and to-the-point than ours. [5] REMEMBER THAT A SOP *MUST* BE ORIGINAL. Statement of Purpose I am applying to Stanford University for admission to the Ph.D. program in Computer Science. I am interested in Theoretical Computer Science, particularly in the Design and Analysis of Approximation Algorithms, Combinatory and Complexity Theory. My interest in Mathematics goes back to the time I was at school. This interest has only grown through my years in school and high school, as I have learnt more and more about the subject. Having represented India at the International Mathematical Olympiads on two occasions, I have been exposed to elements of Discrete Mathematics, particularly Combinatory and Graph Theory, outside the regular school curriculum at an early stage. The intensive training programs we were put through for the Olympiads have given me a lot of confidence in dealing with abstract mathematical problems. My exposure to Computer Science began after I entered the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay. The excellent facilities,...
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...Abbreviated version of this report is published as "Trends in Computer Science Research" Apirak Hoonlor, Boleslaw K. Szymanski and M. Zaki, Communications of the ACM, 56(10), Oct. 2013, pp.74-83 An Evolution of Computer Science Research∗ Apirak Hoonlor, Boleslaw K. Szymanski, Mohammed J. Zaki, and James Thompson Abstract Over the past two decades, Computer Science (CS) has continued to grow as a research field. There are several studies that examine trends and emerging topics in CS research or the impact of papers on the field. In contrast, in this article, we take a closer look at the entire CS research in the past two decades by analyzing the data on publications in the ACM Digital Library and IEEE Xplore, and the grants awarded by the National Science Foundation (NSF). We identify trends, bursty topics, and interesting inter-relationships between NSF awards and CS publications, finding, for example, that if an uncommonly high frequency of a specific topic is observed in publications, the funding for this topic is usually increased. We also analyze CS researchers and communities, finding that only a small fraction of authors attribute their work to the same research area for a long period of time, reflecting for instance the emphasis on novelty (use of new keywords) and typical academic research teams (with core faculty and more rapid turnover of students and postdocs). Finally, our work highlights the dynamic research landscape in CS, with its focus constantly ...
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...IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 9, Issue 1, No 1, January 2012 ISSN (Online): 1694-0814 www.IJCSI.org 238 Cloud Load Balancing Techniques : A Step Towards Green Computing Nidhi Jain Kansal1, Inderveer Chana2 1 Computer Science and Engineering Department, Thapar University Patiala-147004, Punjab, India 2 Computer Science and Engineering Department, Thapar University Patiala-147004, Punjab, India Abstract Cloud computing is emerging as a new paradigm of large-scale distributed computing. It is a framework for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of computing resources. Load balancing is one of the main challenges in cloud computing which is required to distribute the dynamic workload across multiple nodes to ensure that no single node is overwhelmed. It helps in optimal utilization of resources and hence in enhancing the performance of the system. The goal of load balancing is to minimize the resource consumption which will further reduce energy consumption and carbon emission rate that is the dire need of cloud computing. This determines the need of new metrics, energy consumption and carbon emission for energy-efficient load balancing in cloud computing. This paper discusses the existing load balancing techniques in cloud computing and further compares them based on various parameters like performance, scalability, associated overhead etc. that are considered in different techniques. It further discusses...
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...1 - Algorithms Describe the key characteristics and roles of Algorithms Programs and Informal instructions The key characteristics of algorithms are, precision, finiteness, effectiveness, input and output. Precision mean that the algorithm needs to be clear and precisely defined so that a computer can follow the steps. Finiteness means that the algorithm has to finish. The algorithm needs to stop after it has executed all the steps set. Effectiveness means that the algorithm needs to be effective, such as that the algorithm can be done to its precise steps and done in a finite length of time, computer programming language independent. Input means that the algorithm has zero or more...
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...International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 10, No. 3, March 2012 An Efficient Automatic Attendance System Using Fingerprint Reconstruction Technique Josphineleela.R Dr.M.Ramakrishnan Research scholar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sathyabamauniversity Chennai,India ilanleela@yahoo.com Professor/HOD-IT Velammal Engineering College Chennai,India ramkrishod@gmail.com Abstract— Biometric time and attendance system is one of the most successful applications of biometric technology. One of the main advantage of a biometric time and attendance system is it avoids "buddy-punching". Buddy punching was a major loophole which will be exploiting in the traditional time attendance systems. Fingerprint recognition is an established field today, but still identifying individual from a set of enrolled fingerprints is a time taking process. Most fingerprint-based biometric systems store the minutiae template of a user in the database. It has been traditionally assumed that the minutiae template of a user does not reveal any information about the original fingerprint. This belief has now been shown to be false; several algorithms have been proposed that can reconstruct fingerprint images from minutiae templates. In this paper, a novel fingerprint reconstruction algorithm is proposed to reconstruct the phase image, which is then converted into the grayscale image. The proposed reconstruction algorithm reconstructs the...
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...2010 Fourth Asia International Conference on Mathematical/Analytical Modelling and Computer Simulation Clump Sort: A Stable Alternative To Heap Sort For Sorting Medical Data Visvasuresh Victor Govindaswamy Matthew Caudill Jeff Wilson Computer Science Texas A&M University-Texarkana Texarkana, USA lovebat814@yahoo.com Computer Science Texas A&M University-Texarkana Texarkana, USA Computer Science Texas A&M University-Texarkana Texarkana, USA Daniel Brower G. Balasekaran, FACSM Computer Science Texas A&M University-Texarkana Texarkana, USA Medical and Sports Science Nanyang Technology University Singapore Abstract—Sorting data sets are a thoroughly researched field. Several sorting algorithms have been introduced and these include Bubble, Insertion, Selection, Shell, Quick, Merge and Heap. In this paper, we present a novel sorting algorithm, named Clump Sort, to take advantage of ordered segments already present in medical data sets. It succeeds in sorting the medical data considerably better than all the sorts except when using totally non-clumped data. In this test using totally nonclumped data, Heap sort does only slightly better than Clump sort. However, Clump sort has the advantage of being a stable sort as the original order of equal elements is preserved whereas in Heap sort, it is not since it does not guarantee that equal elements will appear in their original order after sorting. As such, Clump Sort will have considerably better data cache performance with both...
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...30 IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL.8 No.8, August 2008 A Hierarchical Scheduling and Replication Strategy A. Horri, R. Sepahvand, Gh. Dastghaibyfard Department of Computer Science & Engineering, College of Engineering, Shiraz University, Molla Sadra Ave, Shiraz, Iran 71348-51154 3- Deciding what replica files to keep or delete when there is shortage of storage in a site i.e. long-term optimization or dynamic replication strategy. Replication can be static or dynamic. In static replication the replicas have to be manually created, deleted and managed and it becomes tedious with the increase in files and user jobs. So it has the drawback that can not adapt to changes in user behavior. In real scenario, where the data amounts to peta bytes, and the user community is in the order of thousands around the world; static replication does not sound to be feasible. Dynamic replication strategies overcome the problem, where replica creation, deletion and management are done automatically. Dynamic replication strategies have the ability to adapt to changes in user behavior. Dynamic strategies are explained in section-2. In replication consistency is an important issue that needs to be considered. To overcome this problem as in other papers, it is assumed that: access pattern is read only for all replicas in data grid. The remainder of paper is organized as follows. Related work on replication and scheduling is given in section 3. A 3-layerd...
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...UNIT 1 NOTES Digital Computer A digital computer is an electronic computing machine that uses the binary digits (bits) 0 and 1 to represent all forms of information internally in digital form. Every computer has a set of instructions that define the basic functions it can perform. Sequences of these instructions. Component of Digital Computer: (1)CPU: The Central Processing Unit (CPU) or the processor is the portion of a computer system that carries out the instructions of a Computer, and is the primary element carrying out the computer's functions. This term has been in use in the computer industry at least since the early 1960s . The form, design and implementation of CPUs have changed dramatically since the earliest examples, but their fundamental operation remains much the same. (2)ALU: an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a Digital computer that performs arthimatic and logical operations. The ALU is a fundamental building block of the central processing unit(CPU) of a computer, and even the simplest microprocessor contain one for purposes such as maintaining timers. The processors found inside modern CPUs and graphics processing units(CPU) accommodate very powerful and very complex ALUs; a single component may contain a number of ALUs. Mathematician proposed the ALU concept in 1945, when he wrote a report on the foundations for a new computer called the EDVAC. (3)Memory: memory is an organism's ability to store, retain, and recall information. Traditional studies of memory...
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...experience to learn and contribute to a research position in the general area of machine learning, computer vision, and pattern recognition. Email: steve.krawczyk@gmail.com Website: www.stevekrawczyk.com EDUCATION Ph.D., Computer Science Michigan State University, East Lansing MI GPA 4.0 ADVISOR - Dr. Anil K. Jain THESIS - Video-based Face Recognition using 3D Models (Incomplete) Master of Science, Computer Science Michigan State University, East Lansing MI GPA 4.0 ADVISOR - Dr. Anil K. Jain THESIS - User Authentication using Online Signature and Speech Bachelor of Science, Computer Science Michigan State University, East Lansing MI COGNATE - Classic Literature and Arts August 2006 - December 2007 January 2003 - June 2005 GPA 3.56 August 1999 - December 2003 PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE SoarTech Senior AI Engineer Ann Arbor, MI September 2012 - Present • Design and implement algorithms related to expert systems, cognitive architectures, machine learning and machine vision. • Build algorithms designed to maximize situational awareness for controlling and monitoring multiple autonomous vehicles. • Integrate a verb learning and vision system with a ground robot; allow the robot to learn spacial relationships among specific targets and interact with the environment. Quantcast Senior Modeling Scientist San Francisco, CA May 2011 - September 2012 • Apply machine learning algorithms for directed advertising at very large scale using map reduce. • Optimize which creative to display...
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...Computer science From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Computer science or computing science (abbreviated CS) is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and of practical techniques for their implementation and application in computer systems.[1][2] Computer scientists invent algorithmic processes that create, describe, and transform information and formulate suitable abstractions to model complex systems. Computer science has many sub-fields; some, such as computational complexity theory, study the fundamental properties of computational problems, while others, such as computer graphics, emphasize the computation of specific results. Still others focus on the challenges in implementing computations. For example, programming language theory studies approaches to describe computations, while computer programming applies specific programming languages to solve specific computational problems, and human-computer interaction focuses on the challenges in making computers and computations useful, usable, and universally accessible to humans. The general public sometimes confuses computer science with careers that deal with computers (such as information technology), or think that it relates to their own experience of computers, which typically involves activities such as gaming, web-browsing, and word-processing. However, the focus of computer science is more on understanding the properties of the programs used to implement...
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...بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Computer Science Made by: Ahad Mohammad Aljebreen Directed by: Dr. Maram Computer science Computer science is the scientific and practical approach to computation and its applications. It is the systematic study of the feasibility, structure, expression, and mechanization of the methodical procedures (or algorithms) that underlie the acquisition, representation, processing, storage, communication of, and access to information. An alternate, more succinct definition of computer science is the study of automating algorithmic processes that scale. A computer scientist specializes in the theory of computation and the design of computational systems. Its fields can be divided into a variety of theoretical and practical disciplines. Some fields, such as computational complexity theory (which explores the fundamental properties of computational and intractable problems), are highly abstract, while fields such as computer graphics emphasize real-world visual applications. Still other fields focus on challenges in implementing computation. For example, programming language theory considers various approaches to the description of computation, while the study of computer programming itself investigates various aspects of the use of programming language and complex systems. Human–computer interaction considers the challenges in making computers and computations useful, usable, and universally accessible to humans. History The earliest foundations...
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...AN IMPLEMENTATION OF INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM USING GENETIC ALGORITHM Mohammad Sazzadul Hoque1, Md. Abdul Mukit2 and Md. Abu Naser Bikas3 1 Student, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh sazzad@ymail.com 2 Student, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh mukit.sust027@gmail.com 3 Lecturer, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh bikasbd@yahoo.com ABSTRACT Nowadays it is very important to maintain a high level security to ensure safe and trusted communication of information between various organizations. But secured data communication over internet and any other network is always under threat of intrusions and misuses. So Intrusion Detection Systems have become a needful component in terms of computer and network security. There are various approaches being utilized in intrusion detections, but unfortunately any of the systems so far is not completely flawless. So, the quest of betterment continues. In this progression, here we present an Intrusion Detection System (IDS), by applying genetic algorithm (GA) to efficiently detect various types of network intrusions. Parameters and evolution processes for GA are discussed in details and implemented. This approach uses evolution theory to information evolution in order to filter the...
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...2010 Fourth Asia International Conference on Mathematical/Analytical Modelling and Computer Simulation Clump Sort: A Stable Alternative To Heap Sort For Sorting Medical Data Visvasuresh Victor Govindaswamy Computer Science Texas A&M University-Texarkana Texarkana, USA lovebat814@yahoo.com Matthew Caudill Computer Science Texas A&M University-Texarkana Texarkana, USA Jeff Wilson Computer Science Texas A&M University-Texarkana Texarkana, USA Daniel Brower Computer Science Texas A&M University-Texarkana Texarkana, USA G. Balasekaran, FACSM Medical and Sports Science Nanyang Technology University Singapore Abstract—Sorting data sets are a thoroughly researched field. Several sorting algorithms have been introduced and these include Bubble, Insertion, Selection, Shell, Quick, Merge and Heap. In this paper, we present a novel sorting algorithm, named Clump Sort, to take advantage of ordered segments already present in medical data sets. It succeeds in sorting the medical data considerably better than all the sorts except when using totally non-clumped data. In this test using totally nonclumped data, Heap sort does only slightly better than Clump sort. However, Clump sort has the advantage of being a stable sort as the original order of equal elements is preserved whereas in Heap sort, it is not since it does not guarantee that equal elements will appear in their original order after sorting. As such, Clump Sort will have considerably better data cache performance...
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