...Supply Chain Coordination and Bullwhip Effect Name University Instructor Institution Date Supply chain coordination and bullwhip effect Introduction The development of effective coordination in organizations is essential for the maximization of the process of turning competitive advantage into profitability. Such coordination must occur both within the organization production and sales departments and beyond to include organizations contracted to handle its products. The process of coordination seeks to ensure that customer satisfaction is achieved through the adoption of approaches that are in tandem with their point of view. Organizations also adopt supply chain coordination to enable them align their plans with the objectives of individual enterprises that that handles their products. As such, the process emphasizes on the management of inventories and the ordering process within the organization and also within other organizations that do business with the company (Gupta & Mishra, 2012). Bullwhip effect is a trend that results into significant swings in the inventory responses in relations to alterations customer’s demands. The instability witnessed with the customer’s demand leads to the need for organizations make forecasts for demands in order to enable them position their inventory and other resources in line with the customer demand. As a product moves up the supply change, the participants within the chain observe variations in demand and this...
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...Assignment 2 SCMT 200 OP55: Introduction to Global Supply Chain Management (Due 11pm SUN MAR 15, 2015) Required: 1. (8 marks) Assume that you are at the end of May 2015. Suppose among the headlines in Edmonton Journal at the end of May 2015 are:’ * “Crude oil prices increased by 25% in the month of May 2015” * “Costs are Flying High – Fear of Inflation Looming” * “Another Real Estate Frenzy – It’s HOT in Edmonton and Calgary” (6) Individual impacts of the three events respectively on inventory management 1) If oil prices rise 25%, the cost of production and manufacturing will go up. The cost of transportation will be rising, so ordering larger quantities of inventory less frequently will decrease transportation costs. The 25% increase will also create more work, which will lead to an increase in spending. This increase in spending will make up for the extra inventory that retail stores are holding. 2) If costs rising and a fear of inflation, spending will go down, manufacturing costs will rise and inventories will be lower for retailers to reduce a possibility for write-offs. Interest rates will also rise therefore reducing overall spending. 3) People are making large purchases in the real estate sector, spending is high so retailers will be stocking up more frequently and have more on hand inventory. Buffer stock will be higher to keep up with...
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...Supply Chain Management Name Course Date Supply Chain Management Supply chain management is the supervision of goods and services till they reach the target customers or market. Companies should have supply chains which are efficient, responsive to the needs of clients, agile and risk hedging. Firms and other business entities need to put in place mechanisms that ensure incentives are aligned in the supply chain as expected so that the costs, incurred risks and rewards of carrying out business are distributed equitably across the network. Misalignment of the incentives affects a company ability to control its supply chain resulting in excess inventory, high operational costs with reduced profits and a weak return on assets (Narayanan & Raman, 2004). A company needs to devise strategies which will enhance the supply process of its products till they reach the desired market or customers. One of the methods to be used is the framework of uncertainty which elaborates on the demand and supply uncertainty faced by a product. Fisher introduces the aligning of supply chain strategies at the right level of demand. The demand uncertainty deals with the approximation of the demand for a good and, therefore, the deployment of different supply chains based on the need. Functional products such as basic clothing, food, oil and gas and household consumable items tend to have extended product life and consistent demand, need for a more mature and stable supply process (Narayanan &...
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...Homework #4 Supply Chain Selina Engel, CM 3323 Discussion Questions Chapter 10 1. What is the bullwhip effect and how does it relate to lack of coordination in a supply chain? The bullwhip effect is a phenomenon that fluctuation in orders increases as one moves up the supply chain from retailers to wholesalers to manufacturers to suppliers. The bullwhip effect relates directly to the lack of coordination (demand information flows) within the supply chain. Each supply chain member has a different idea of what demand is, and the demand estimates are distorted and exaggerated as the supply chain partner is distanced from the customer. 2. What is the impact of lack of coordination on the performance of a supply chain? The impact of lack of coordination is degradation of responsiveness and poor...
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...Global Supply Chain Management End Date: 10 1 Lab: Prerequisites: TDMT 3301 Logistics1 2 March 4, 2016 Term/Level: Shop: 4A Course Credits: Seminar: 2 Other: Prerequisite for: TDMT4411 Industry Projects Course Description This course develops an understanding of relationship management within the global supply chain sectors. Topics are delivered based on international influences, value creation, aligning incentives, creating partnerships, sharing resources and finding mutual benefits within the supply chain. An emphasis will be based on building flexible and strategic partnerships and managing changes and shifts in strategies. These methods are aimed at driving supply chain profitability and competitive advantage. Students will do team based case studies relating to Supply Chain Management and 1 term team project and presentation. Evaluation Assignments Term Team Project Participation & Professionalism Mid Term Exam Final Exam TOTAL 20 15 10 25 30 100 % % % % % % Comments: A student must achieve 50% combined grade on the exam scores before the marks for the assignments will be incorporated into the calculation of the overall grade. Course Learning Outcomes/Competencies At the end of this course the student will be able to: • Explain the impact of cultural and international standards on a firm’s strategy • Demonstrate the use and benefit of strategically aligning the global supply chain to best...
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...with Supply in Mind please answer the following questions: 1. What are the three actions Supply Chain Managers can take to ensure that supply and demand are aligned when building the demand plan? A. Aligning of goals and incentives across functions and evaluated based on their effect on profitability and not total costs: Pricing- manufactures can use buy-back, revenue sharing; altering sales force; incentive from sell-in to sell-through (ie. to the end customer (sell through) and not to the retailer (sell in). B. Improving information accuracy: (i) sharing point of sales data; (ii) implementation and designing single stage control of replenishment (eliminates multiple forecasts). C. Improving Operation performance - reducing lead time, reducing inventory, rationing base on past sales and sharing information to limit Gaming; eliminate promotions and charge an Every Day Low Price - removes forward buying by retailers and results in orders that match customer demand. 2. How can a Supply Chain Manager actively be engaged with sales and marketing in shaping demand? two scenarios: If there is an excess of materials and components, under-utilized plants, or a surplus of finished good inventories, supply chain can work with sales and marketing to develop programs aimed at correcting these excess supply situations which might result in significant inventory obsolescence and write-offs. If there are shortages of any type of supply, then...
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...Supplier chain strategies are one of the most important aspects of supply chain management. The key to success of an organization is the supply chain strategy. The supply chain makes up 55-85% to total costs for a business, so it is understandable why so many people are searching for newer and better strategies. (Bruce O. Bartschenfeld) A Keiretsu Network: Keiretsu network is a network composed of manufactures, supply chain partners, distributors and financiers who remain financially independent but work closely together to ensure each other’s success. The formation of a keiretsu allows a manufacturer to establish stable, long-term partnerships, which in turn helps them to stay lean and focus on core business requirements. (Whatis.com) Virtual Company: Virtual companies rely on a variety of supplier relationship to provide services on demand. In this strategy, a company forms a network with other companies. All companies are dependent upon one another. Each member of the network performs essential functions to the project. (Bruce O. Bartchenfeld) Vertical Integration: A vertical integration refers to a firm’s ownership of vertically related activities. The greater a firm’s ownership extends over successive states of the value chain for its product, the greater its degree of vertical integration. The extent of vertical integration is indicated by the ratio of a firm’s value added to its sales revenue: the more a firm makes rather than buys, the lower are its bought-in...
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...that is composed of manufacturers, supply chain partners, distributors and financiers who try to stay financially independent but work closely with each to ensure each other’s success. In Japanese, the word keiretsu means “group.” In business sense, the word is sometimes used as another word for partnership or alliance. Using this strategy will help your company by assisting in establishing stable, long-term partnerships, which in turn will help them to focus on core business requirements needed to assist with maintaining your products and production in several different aspects. Because the product that is being developed here is an intricate electronic device, there will be several partnerships that we will develop over time such as parts distributors and other components of our products (http://www.investopedia.com /terms/k/keiretsu.asp#axzz2IwCjpAVn). Using this strategy will also help us with the management of our finances through assistance with other departments and entities that specialize with financing. Even though this strategy is meant to sustain stability, this same stability can sometimes become an issue and cause problems with us being the manufacturer by not responding quickly to changes in the economy, culture or technology. Typically companies using this strategy organize around their own trading companies and banks. Each company using the keiretsu strategy is capable of controlling nearly every step of the economic chain in a variety of industrial, resource...
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...advantage of 3PLs ? a) Cost Reduction b) Cost Control c) Minimizing Revenues d) Employee conflict 4. Which one of the following is not a supply chain strategy framework ? a) Collaboration Strategy b) Supply Flow Strategy c) Customer Service Strategy d) Technology Integration Strategy 5. Which of the following is not an area of responsibility for a logistics manager? a) Purchasing b) Warehousing c)Information systems d) Marketing 6.The companies manage their supply chains through online transaction by means of a) Information b)Transportation modes c) Competitors d)The Internet 7. Using which of the following companies manage their supply chains ? a) Internet b) Competitors c) Information d) Transportation Mode 8. According to Professor Mentzer and colleagues, the supply chain concept originated in what discipline? a) Logistics b)Marketing c) Operation d) Production 9. Which one of the following is not a part of supply chain ? a) Employees. b) Services. c) Information. d) Materials. 10. The use of Web technologies to manage warehousing and transportation processes is called a) e-logistics b) e-replenishment c )Downstream processing d)Collaborative planning 11. The E-SCM process that includes integrated production and distribution processes is a) e-procurement b)Supply chain replenishment . c)Collaborative planning. d) e-logistics. 12. Which one of the following is a factor that hinders growth of 3PLs ? a) Cost Reduction...
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...Fajfneainceac beauibeauivgauifgeaufh euioabvaaefaf ofehaoiheaioh ijoeahioceawho ublished Papers Narayanan, V.G., and Lisa Brem. "The Credit Crisis of 2008: Causes, Consequences and Implications for India." The Chartered Accountant 57, no. 6 (December 2008). Miller, Gregory S., and V.G. Narayanan. "Accounting Standards and the Globalisation of Indian Businesses." The Chartered Accountant (July 2005): 50-52. Narayanan, V.G., Ananth Raman, and J. Singh. "Agency Costs in a Supply Chain with Demand Uncertainty and Price Competition." Management Science 51, no. 1 (January 2005). Narayanan, V.G., and Ananth Raman. "Aligning Incentives in Supply Chains." Harvard Business Review 82, no. 11 (November 2004). Kraiselburd, Santiago, V.G. Narayanan, and Ananth Raman. "Contracting in a Supply Chain with Stochastic Demand and Substitute Products." Production and Operations Management Journal 13, no. 1 (spring 2004). Narayanan, V.G. "Activity Based Pricing in a Monopoly." Journal of Accounting Research 41, no. 3 (June 2003): 473:502. Narayanan, V.G., and Lisa Brem. "Case Study: Customer Profitability and Customer Relationship Management at RBC Financial Group." Journal of Interactive Marketing 16, no. 3 (summer 2002): 76-98. Narayanan, V.G., and Steven Huddart. "An Empirical Investigation of Tax Factors and Mutual Funds' Stock Sales Decisions." Review of Accounting Studies 7, nos. 2-3 (June-September 2002): 319-341. Narayanan, V.G., and Ratna G. Sarkar. "The Impact of Activity-Based...
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...Research Publication Date: 12 November 2010 ID Number: G00208603 Case Study for Supply Chain Leaders: Dell's Transformative Journey Through Supply Chain Segmentation Matthew Davis Faced with ever-changing customer needs, product commoditization, unique global requirements and new, low-cost competitors, Dell embarked on a three-year journey to segment its supply chain response capabilities. The company designed its supply chains based on a mix of cost optimization, delivery speed and product choices that customers value, while aligning internally across all functions to execute against this vision. Key Findings Dell's market and business strategies changed, requiring the company to move from a single supply chain to a customer segmentation supply chain approach. A unified, cross-functional business strategy with collaborative, decision-making processes across sales, marketing, product design, finance and supply chain is essential for segmentation. Segmentation is enabled by a cost-to-serve (CTS) methodology to dynamically allocate costs to business decisions, highlight net profitability and drive the right actions for each supply chain. Supply chain segmentation is a multiyear journey enabled by the development and alignment of organizational skills to the needs of the journey's different phases. Recommendations Start with segmentation of your company's customers and channels to understand the different demand rhythms and cycles. Focus on decreasing...
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...Research Publication Date: 12 November 2010 ID Number: G00208603 Case Study for Supply Chain Leaders: Dell's Transformative Journey Through Supply Chain Segmentation Matthew Davis Faced with ever-changing customer needs, product commoditization, unique global requirements and new, low-cost competitors, Dell embarked on a three-year journey to segment its supply chain response capabilities. The company designed its supply chains based on a mix of cost optimization, delivery speed and product choices that customers value, while aligning internally across all functions to execute against this vision. Key Findings Dell's market and business strategies changed, requiring the company to move from a single supply chain to a customer segmentation supply chain approach. A unified, cross-functional business strategy with collaborative, decision-making processes across sales, marketing, product design, finance and supply chain is essential for segmentation. Segmentation is enabled by a cost-to-serve (CTS) methodology to dynamically allocate costs to business decisions, highlight net profitability and drive the right actions for each supply chain. Supply chain segmentation is a multiyear journey enabled by the development and alignment of organizational skills to the needs of the journey's different phases. Recommendations Start with segmentation of your company's customers and channels to understand the different demand rhythms and cycles. Focus on decreasing the time required...
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...Int. J. Production Economics 133 (2011) 25–34 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Int. J. Production Economics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijpe Identifying risk issues and research advancements in supply chain risk management Ou Tang a,c, S. Nurmaya Musa a,b,n a Department of Management and Engineering, Link¨ping University, SE-581 83 Link¨ping, Sweden o o Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia c School of Economics & Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China b a r t i c l e in fo Available online 3 July 2010 Keywords: Supply chain Risk management Citation/co-citation analysis abstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate the research development in supply chain risk management (SCRM), which has shown an increasing global attention in recent years. Literature survey and citation/ co-citation analysis are used to fulfil the research task. Literature survey has undertaken a thorough search of articles on selected journals relevant to supply chain operations management. Meanwhile, citation/co-citation analysis uses Web of Sciences database to disclose SCRM development between 1995 and 2009. Both the approaches show similar trends of rising publications over the past 15 years. This review has piloted us to identify and classify the potential risk associated with different flows, namely material, cash and information flows. Consequently, we identify some research...
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...BENCHMARKING Benchmarking is a valuable method by which an organization can use to measure their performance and internal processes. By comparing themselves with organizations that in excel in best business practices, top management can use benchmarking as a tool for driving continuous improvement throughout the organization and to gain advantage over competitors such as reducing costs, increasing productivity and better aligning product (Fleisher amd Bensoussan, 2007). Benchmarking began in the late 1950s as a natural development of early Japanese practices focusing on a clear desire to improve. Then, Xeros Corportation in America adopted a similar vigorous approach in 1979 which start the term “Benchmarking” by investigating the practices of Fuji Xerox in Japan. The improvement opportunities that were identified and put into place resulted in Xerox’s benefits and let to Best Practice Benchmarking (Bendell et al., 1993). Table: Advantages and disadvantages of benchmarking ADVANTAGES | DISADVANTAGES | Powerful Competitive Analysis Tool | Copycat syndrome | Objective stretch goal setting & performance measurement | High rate of failure | Flexibility | What works well in one organization might not work in another | Removal of blind spots | Benchmarking is resource intensive | Improves cost efficiencies & quality | No firm does everything the best | Not reinventing the wheel but redesigning it | Low-performing firms have a disadvantage | Media recognition...
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...They achieved by aligning the workforce with business objectives and by use performance metrics to drive decisions, monitor and improve results. This strategy shows how Riordan Manufacturing can successfully align their talent management strategy with technology to effectively manage their workforce needs in order to be a marketplace leader of the future” (Creating an agile workforce). Riordan’s Manufacturing has adapted the mixed manufacturing strategy which combines the Stable Workforce—variable work hours and the Level strategy that is most widely applied in many industries. The mix strategy is a planning strategy that uses two or more controllable variables to set a feasible production plan. With two strategies combined Riordan Manufacturing can take advantage of a well-trained workforce because the production rates never changes, lower turnover, lower absenteeism and more experienced workers (Jacobs & Chase, 2011). The Michael (n.d.) website manufacturing performance efficiency is the level to which quality of a product is exercised. This performance efficiency should be exercised in all manufacturing processes in order for a Riordan Manufacturing to avoid wasting of any kind. It is necessary for them to calculate a numerical value for the efficiency and keep records in order to know if any production adjustments should be made to current processes. Two metrics that Riordan Manufacturing could use evaluate performance of the electric fan supply chain. First, the Delivery...
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