...W RITING E FFECTIVE U SE C ASES Alistair Cockburn Humans and Technology pre-publication draft #3, edit date: 2000.02.21 published by Addison-Wesley, c. 2001. i ii Reminders Write something readable. Casual,readable use cases are still useful, whereas unreadable use cases won't get read. Work breadth-first, from lower precision to higher precision. Precision Level 1: Primary actor’ name and goal s Precision Level 2: The use case brief, or the main success scenario Precision Level 3: The extension conditions Precision Level 4: The extension handling steps For each step: Show a goal succeeding. Highlight the actor's intention, not the user interface details. Have an actor pass information, validate a condition, or update state. Write between-step commentary to indicate step sequencing (or lack of). Ask ’ why’ to find a next-higher level goal. For data descriptions: Only put precision level 1 into the use case text. Precision Level 1: Data nickname Precision Level 2: Data fields associated with the nickname Precision Level 3: Field types, lengths and validations Icons Design Scope Organization (black-box) Organization (white-box) System (black box) System (white box) Component Goal Level 1 Very high summary Summary User-goal Subfunction too low For Goal Level, alternatively, append one of these characters to the use case name: Append "+" to summary use case names . Append "!" or nothing to user-goal use case names. Append "-" to subfunction use case names. The Writing...
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...Fleur Adcock Essay Comparison (‘On a Son Returned to New Zealand’ & ‘For Andrew’) “Poems arise almost always out of personal associations and particularly out of the closest human relationships.” In what ways and with what effect does Adcock explore this idea? Fleur Adcock seems to seek comfort from familiarity within her poems, predominantly with people, places and senses. This is particularly evident in the poems ‘For Andrew’ and ‘On A Son Returned To New Zealand’ where various language devices are used such as colloquial language, imagery and personal pronouns. Adcock uses imagery and personal pronouns to express ideas of love for her firstborn son, as her divided loyalties keep them separated (both geographically and emotionally). Changes in the tone of the poem mark when she is with, and when she is separated from her son. Other devices, such as pathetic fallacy, are present to signify the distance and feeling of remorse for her beloved son. Seeking comfort in familiar people, places and objects is a key feature in the poem ‘On a son Returned to New Zealand’. There seems to be a desire to re-claim a more personal nature in the relationship with her son Gregory. As shown in “He is my green branch growing in a far plantation” Adcock feels great happiness and pride in nurturing her eldest son. Repetition of the personal pronoun “my” can be seen three times in the poem. This is greatly significant in showing her want to claim her son, as a significant part of her...
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...ionships Ruined by Traditions, Freedom with a Price The short story “The Boat” by Alistair MacLeod looks into how a son is conflicted between desire and obligations. One of the main ideas explored focuses on how traditions can rip apart a family. It also touches on the differences between the relationships within the family. Karl Marx, a philosopher once said “the tradition of all dead generations weighs like a nightmare on the brains of the living.” He is proven right to an extent when looking to understand some of the messages conveyed within the story. One of the memories the narrator recalls is when he discovers his father’s dream of attending university. When describing his father's room the narrator states that “magazines and books...
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...Loyalty is more than being in a state of allegiance. It goes much deeper; this quality becomes a way of life, a form of identification. No Great Mischief by Alistair Macleod encompasses the essence of loyalty. In Macleod’s novel it is learned that humans as well as animals have proven to have a desire to please and support those closest to them. This trait demonstrates the ability of a person to hinder one’s success in attempt to support another person always have a positive or negative outcome. The history of Clann Chalum ruaidh shows how devotion can hinder but also help the outcome of a situation. This dual impact was developed through past events in the lives of the characters as well as experienced in their present time. The essence of...
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...Questions All questions must be attempted. 1 Alistair tells you that when he was asked to choose a government security he could not differentiate one from another. The two that his father had suggested were: (a) 8% Treasury Stock 2015 (his eventual choice) (b) 2½ % Index Linked Stock 2011 Explain to Alistair the main features of each of the above. a) A bond is a tradable loan. Issuer promises to repay to the loan at a future date (on maturity), and pay interest at a defined rate (usually fixed). Issuer might be the British government or company. In this, the coupon is 8%, redemption date is 2015. Mr. Alistair will receive every six months 4% form government. The government will at the redemption date. b) These Gilts provide interest payments (coupon) and capital repayment that are linked to CPI (the Consumer Price Index, which measures the rate inflation). Until recently the index used was the Retail Price Index (RPI). Inflation erodes the return to the investor by reducing the real return an investor earns. By providing coupons that are increased in line with inflation, these Gilts provide additional protection for the investor. 2 Alistair has received his Contract Note detailing his recent purchase of gilts. He is unclear as to how the cost of the gilts was calculated by his broker. Using the following information calculates the cost of the purchase: ♦ the purchase took place on the 4 May ♦ the interest is paid half yearly on 22 February and 22 August ♦...
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...The Riot Club Essay - September 2015 Introduction We see tendencies of a divide in social classes everywhere in the world. However, it is very interesting that this divide in social classes plays such a big role in one of the most globalized and industrialized nations in the world. Today, children from the wealthiest families gather up in the best elementary schools, high schools and universities in which they get provided the best teachers and the best education as possible. This tendency leaves nothing for the people in the lower classes. The film The Riot Club from 2014 describes these differences very well. It is about Alistair Ryle and Miles Brown, two students at the Oxford University, which both come from rich families. They get invited to join the Riot Club, which is a closed society for the 10 best students at the university. Throughout the film we follow their development in the Riot Club and also touch upon their different point of view on lower social classes. This assignment contains analysis of setting, characterization of main person and themes in the movie The Riot Club. When we are talking about the setting in The Riot Club, we may conclude that we are dealing with the upper class and the richer part of the British society. The film takes place at Oxford University, where we are following two new students. We know Oxford University as one of the finest universities in Great Britain and maybe even one of the most promoted universities on the entire planet...
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...be receiving counseling through email/web based technology, and will not be attending face-to-face counseling sessions. Client History The client’s name is Alistair Tarling. His birth date is December 6, 1964. He currently lives in Rockford, IL. The client is a recently immigrated Brisith national, who is married to a US Citizen. His wife is a US Civil servant and is currently in a secure position at work. Alistair is seeking career counseling to help find a career that suits his identity and desires. He is seeking something to help people and remain unnoticed. He does not want to meet for face-to-face counseling currently and will be handling all communication through web-based technology. Alistair has been given the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, and the Strong Interest Inventory. Assessment Results The results from the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator are as follows; 1) on the Extraversion to Introversion scale, Alistair scored a 26, putting him very clearly on the Introversion side; 2) on the Sensing to Intuition scale, Alistair scored a 15, putting him moderately on the Intuition side; 3) on the Thinking to Feeling scale, Alistair scored a 16, putting him clearly on the feeling side; 4) on the Judging to Perceiving scale, Alistair scored a 27, putting him very clearly on the Perceiving side. In addition, Alistair found a self-assessment on the Interest and confirmed his impression of himself as a highly sensitive person. Being an introvert can be described as being...
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...The definition of coming of age is the attainment of maturity. In these three stories “To Every Thing There Is A Season” by Alistair MacLeod, “The Sunrise on the Veld,” by Doris Lessing, and “Stones,” by Sandre Birdsell, all of the same theme “Coming of Age.” They all go through hardship, pain, and loss. In each of these stories the protagonist realizes reality in three different ways: by facing death, by watching one closest to them get hurt or made a fool, and by realizing his or hers surroundings. Firstly in the story “Sunrise on the Veld,” by Doris Lessing the main character notices the real world by seeing death in a harsh way. In this story their was a boy who lived in South Africa who had just turned 15 years old. In the boys mind he had believed that he could be king of the Universe. Since he did not sleep he thought he could control over his own body. Early in the morning on his birthday he had decided to hunt for the first time, after watching several months of how the natives hunt animals. While running around the vlei full of joy he had came across the buck that had been hurt badly and was being attacked by a crowd of ants.“… as he drew in his breath and pity and terror seized him…” Doris Lessing (145) the narrator describes the boy. In this quote it clearly shows that it was one of the first time the boy had seen death and the fact that the boy was shocked at the sight of death. Before the boy was about to shoot the buck from its misery he said to himself “, I...
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...Just another Breakfast The candle-light fluttered upon his face, lighting his sculpted features passionately. His lips were the most perfect shade of rose, matching his faint blush perfectly. Long eyelashes cast shadows across his skin, almost as feminine as a princess’. He looked into my eyes, grazing my face with a tender breath. My own caught in my throat, and I really cannot finish this god damn book With a groan, I crumple up the piece of paper in my hand and toss it to the floor, muttering about deadlines and bards and the Gods know what else. I lean back in my chair, rubbing my temple in frustration; it’s been a month or so since I’ve been hired by the travelling band of entertainers, but my work’s not been up to its usual standards. I hiss, before throwing myself to my feet and walking out of my caravan. I shield my eyes from the blinding sun with a raised hand, looking around the camp. Children run across the fields, tripping each other with sticks before jumping away again. Women sit in circles around barrels of water, nattering about their husbands while washing their family’s clothes. Their dark eyes flicker to me, and they wave good-morning before going back to their daily duties. I reply in kind before turning away, looking at the men of our troupe. Erik stands at the campfire, turning last night’s hunt on the spit. We nod at each other and I approach him, folding my hands into my pockets. “Morning, Erik,” I say. He grunts a reply, his eyes already back...
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...This case is about a person by the name of Alistair Mackay, the director of personnel development for a company called Trianon. Trianon is a subcontractor for aviation firms and has recently been focusing on navigational displays for the next generation of European airbuses. Trianon was originally trying to acquire full ownership of a Scanner-Cathode Ray Tube Display (SCRTD) production facility in Hungary. However, after receiving a call from Henri Genadry, General Director of Joint Ventures, Mergers and Acquisitions, Display Division, Alistair is informed that the purchase of the SCRTD production facility is not happening and instead Trianon will be entering a 10 year joint venture with a government backed SCRTD Hungarian production facility. Alistair was originally instructed to find the ideal candidate for a Project Engineer for the initial operation which involved entire ownership of a Hungarian facility; and he had three solid potential candidates lined up for the job. The only problem with this is that now, Alistair has been asked to find the ideal candidate for a Quality Compliance Manager that can be ready to be in Hungary in five to six weeks. In the following sections I will respond to the questions presented at the end of this case study which include: selecting a candidate from the three candidates provided in Exhibit A of the case, develop an outline for the candidate recruitment process Trianon used to fit with ‘best’ selection processes and the strategic needs...
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...Cloud Connect: Charting the course of on-demand computing Cloud Computing represents the biggest shift in computing of the last decade. It’s as fundamental as the move from client-server computing to web-centric computing, and in many ways more disruptive. For cloud computing is a change in business models—the ability to efficiently allocate computing power on demand, in a true utility model. It changes what companies can do with IT resources. By 2012, cloud spending will grow almost threefold, to $42 B. Already, the money spent on cloud computing is growing at over five times the rate of traditional, on-premise IT. Cloud adopters are already bragging about their lower costs and greater ability to adapt to changing market conditions. But despite these trends, companies won’t switch to cloud models overnight. Rather, they’ll migrate layers of their IT infrastructure over time. Between today’s world of enterprise data centers and tomorrow’s world of ubiquitous computing is a middle ground of hybrid clouds, opportunistic deployment, and the mingling of consumer applications with business systems. We’ve only begun to scratch the surface of what clouds can do, because cloud computing will forever change how we perceive technology. Clouds change the way we plan enterprise IT. They change how startups launch and grow their offerings. They alter the tools and methods with which developers build applications. And they demand new hardware and software platforms, both ...
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...Bibliographic Citation Format A work in an anthology: Poem: “A Bird came down the Walk.” Poet: Dickinson, Emily. Title of Anthology: The New Oxford Book of American Verse. Editor: Ed. Richard Ellmann. Publisher: Oxford University Press, Place: New York: Year: 1976. Correct: Dickinson, Emily. “A Bird came down the Walk.” The New Oxford Book of American Verse. Ed. Richard Ellmann. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976. A work by one author: Title: The Way the Crow Flies. Year: 2003. Author: MacDonald, Ann-Marie. Place: Toronto: Publisher: Alfred A. Knopf, Correct: MacDonald, Ann-Marie. The Way the Crow Flies. Toronto: Alfred A. Knopf, 2003. A work with an author and editor: Author: Frere, Sheppard. Editor: Ed. Felipe Fernández-Armesto. Publisher: The Folio Society, Place: London: Year: 1999. Title: Britannia: A History of Roman Britain. Correct: Frere, Sheppard. Britannia: A History of Roman Britain. Ed. Felipe Fernández-Armesto. London: The Folio Society, 1999. A Compact Disc Title: “All That You Ask.” Artist: Fisher, Archie. Year: 2003. Manufacturer: Snow Goose Songs, CD Title: Sunsets I’ve Galloped Into. Correct: Fisher, Archie. “All That You Ask.” Sunsets I’ve Galloped Into. Snow Goose Songs, 2003. An article in a reference book: Article: “Conacher, Charles William.” Reference Book: The Canadian Encyclopedia. Year: 1985 ed. Author: Marsh, James. ...
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...1.(a) A bond is a tradable loan. Issuer promises to repay to the loan at a future date (on maturity), and pay interest at a defined rate (usually fixed). Issuer might be the British government or company. In this, the coupon is 8%, redemption date is 2015. Mr. Alistair will receive every six months 4% form government. The government will at the redemption date. (b) These Gilts provide interest payments (coupon) and capital repayment that are linked to CPI (the Consumer Price Index, which measures the rate inflation). Until recently the index used was the Retail Price Index (RPI). Inflation erodes the return to the investor by reducing the real return an investor earns. By providing coupons that are increased in line with inflation, these Gilts provide additional protection for the investor. 2.£20,000 @ £104/£100 = £20,800 Interest per half year = £20,000 @ 8%/2 = £800 Days in period 22 Feb to 5 May (one extra day for settlement) 6+31+30+5 = 72 Half year = 22 Feb to 22 Aug = 6+31+30+31+30+31+22 = 181 Interest split = £800 x 72/181 = £318.23 Total paid = £20,800 + £318.23 = £21,118.23 3 (a) Ordinary shares: (i) the ordinary shareholders can sell their shares, or transfer without restriction. (ii) ordinary shareholders can share in the profit of the company--Dividends payable if company profits permit (iii) shareholders can be invited to attend all meeting (iv) ordinary shares have no fixed value — market value instead (v) shareholders have Full voting...
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...He was a man who turned down the offer of making atomic bombs for the government, who created a computer language so efficient that it’s still in use today, and a man who received over half a dozen awards for his accomplishments. Without him, it would be very likely that programs like Apple’s iOS wouldn’t exist. Dennis M. Ritchie’s contributions changed the field of Computer Science. He helped develop Unix and wrote books on computer programming, but his most significant accomplishment was creating C, a computer language. In fact, one of Ritchie’s colleagues once said that Ritchie’s code was “elegant and spare”. On September 9, 1941 in Bronxville, New York, Dennis M. Ritchie was born to Alistair Ritchie and Jean McGee Ritchie. His father,...
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...mythologized to a certain extent. Its past function is different from its contemporary role. This is especially true for the people who may be characterized as uneducated and living on the fringes of society: the homeless. What position and what role does this place of public knowledge have for these people? Is it merely a stable place of meeting? Or – is a place for learning to occur? Do the homeless visit the library in order to further their knowledge? Therefore the argument for this paper is: an underappreciated element of homeless individuals visit the Vancouver Public Library for the pursuit of knowledge, not simply physical shelter. There are several studies and journals which address this issue generally, but not specifically. Alistair Black and Melvyn Crann (“In the Public Eye: A Mass Observation of the Public Library”) perform a study of societal opinions on the successes and failures of the modern public library. They also reveal the social prejudices that are inherit in many individual’s views of the public library (eg. lower classes are less likely to visit the library, and even may be unable to understand the function or nature of the library in any substantial way.) Darrin Hodgetts et, al. (“A Trip to the Library: Homelessness and Social Inclusion”) takes a more specific focus for their study: the homeless people who visit the library and their subsequent portrayal in the media. Hodgetts is mostly focused on the latter part of the question – the media representation...
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