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Allan Pinkerton

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Allan Pinkerton Biography CJS/250 Michael Nappi April 17, 2011 Robert Krause

Allan Pinkerton was born on August 25, 1819 in Glasgow, Scotland and died on July 1, 1884 in Chicago, Illinois. He was born the son of a police Sergeant however his father would pass away when Allan was still just a small child. This left his family living in great poverty, and Allan would eventually become a cooper by trade. However his actions as a Chartism would lead to a warrant for his arrest being made, which ultimately forced Allan to leave the country. He ended up here in the United States settling in Chicago but living in a town called Dundee, Kane County just a year after. There he once again found himself a cooper by trade, but this wasn’t to be for very long as he would eventually become a police officer. It was while working as a cooper that Allan came across a gang of counterfeiters in which he captured and then was appointed as deputy sheriff to Kane County in 1846. Four years later though Allan Pinkerton would resign as police officer and begun to organize a private detective agency specializing in railway theft cases. Thus the Allan Pinkerton National Detective Agency was born and quickly became known as one of the most famous organizations of its kind. The Pinkerton National Detective Agency had quite the few successes under Allan’s guidance, some of the more famous cases (included but not limited to) the thwarting of an assassination attempt of then president Abraham Lincoln in 1861, and just five years later the capture of $700,000 in the Adams Express Company theft of 1866(Online Article,2010). Perhaps though it was years earlier though in 1855 that Allan Pinkerton received his greatest honor of all when he was asked by six different Midwestern railroad company representatives to establish an agency for railroad protection. Allan Pinkerton formed the North West Police Agency at just the age of 35 and in addition to that he was also under contract to investigate counterfeiting and protect the post office from robberies. In fact much of his work as a detective came from making sure that the post office and the railroad industries remained honest. In 1858, Pinkerton formed another agency known as the Pinkerton Protective Patrol which was a small group of uniformed night watchmen that offered night protection. In the first year of its operation this small agency documented 751 instances of doors either open or not secured and 454 cases of improper employee conduct. However not all was good for Allan and his new found agency as much of the work being done at that time by private police officers or watchmen as Pinkerton called it was considered to be suspicious on its own. In fact in 1873 Pinkerton’s agency was sued for $10,000 for allegedly intimidating the wife of an alleged mail robber without proper legal authority. These issues and more highlighted the problems that Pinkerton would have with trying to separate himself and disreputable detectives of his time in order to gain and/or establish respectability within the ranks. In fact Pinkerton even went as far as to write a book himself in which he discussed the emphasis and honorability of the work his men did while establishing the code of conduct and responsibility for his employees. In the years to come businesses would continue to expand and therefore so did the use and need of private security within the United States. Allan Pinkerton’s effort to secure the railroad industry was considered by most to be the most notorious of his time. In 1884 after his death his sons would continue to carry on the business on his behalf, and soon the shift from detection to prevention would begin to take place.

References:
Allan Pinkerton. (2011). Biography.com. Retrieved 06:26, Apr 17 2011 from http://www.biography.com/articles/Allan-Pinkerton-9441102
F.T. Morn, “Allan Pinkerton: Private Police Influence on Police Development,” in Policing, ed. J.P. Stead (Montclair, NJ: Patterson Smith Publishing Company, 1977) 96-120.
Hunt, R. A. (2009). ALLAN PINKERTON: AMERICA'S FIRST PRIVATE EYE (1819-1884). Forensic Examiner, 18(4), 42-46. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

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