...economy and the society. To illustrate the above, true Amazon deforestation will be used to document the application of systematic thinking to sustainability challenges. This study will show us the link between...
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...Deforestation has become a serious global issue which is resulting in many negative effects such as a loss of biodiversity, land erosion and climate change. Deforestation can be broadly defined as “forest conversion and different types of degradation that reduce forest quality” (Sven, 2000). The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) provides a narrow definition: “depletion of tree crown cover to less than 10% as the deforestation” (FAO, 1993: 10). Forests play a significant role in humanity’s life. According to the World Rainforest Movement (1998), 25% of medicines come from the forests. Moreover, over the past 8000 years, about 5000 square miles of forest has been cut down annually (Rochen, 2008; Seitz, 2008). There are three main causes which lead to the deforestation: logging, overpopulation and road construction. This essay will examine each cause and evaluate the effects. It will begin with discussing the causes of deforestation. Next, it will examine the serious effects. Industrial logging is one of the most significant causes of deforestation. According to Phelps (2005), industrial logging is the clearance of trees for commercial purposes. In West Africa, over the past 40 years, about 2800-3500km² forests have been logged every year (Middleton, 2008). The peasants in Africa play an important role but it is modern industry that cut down so many trees. For example, as Heller (2001) found, every year more than 800 square miles of trees disappear due to the demand of paper...
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...The Amazon rainforest is home to one of the world’s most diverse habitats, covering the majority of Northern South America. Although it is the largest rainforest in the Western hemisphere, it is presently threatened by persistent deforestation and mining by mega corporations. The continuation of these processes not only endangers the population of wildlife inhabiting the Amazon, but it also affects the lives of many indigenous tribes that have occupied its forests for centuries. According to the nonprofit organization Amazon Watch, however, such heinous actions by foreign corporations upon the people and wildlife of the Amazon must stop at once. This essay will discuss the work of the nongovernmental organization Amazon Watch, providing information on its mission to protect and restore the environment of the Amazon rainforest....
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...Biofuels Environmental Sciences Essay Nowadays, as the problem of greenhouse gases emissions is getting more serious, Carbon-negative biofuels represent the first potentially huge assault on the problem, in ways that are already technically feasible and practicable (Mathews, 2008). Scientists are having their research on how to ease or solve these problems. The topic of biofuels is being more popular in the recent years because it has the most potential to be a significant source of energy. Biomass is providing a surprisingly large amount of the world’s energy – 10% of total global primary energy consumption (Energy Future Coalition, 2007). Advantages of biofuels Safety Biofuels are safe to handle and transport because they are biodegradable, much less toxic than even table salt (ten times), and have high flashpoints of about 300oF compared to gasoline and petroleum diesel fuel (diesel has a flash point of 125 F, for comparison) (Biodiesel Chemical Safety Data – Oxford University). Because of its safety, the number of incidence of severe vehicle fires can be reduced, and its safety making it to be one of the safest of all alternative fuels. Also, biofuels produce fewer by-products than conventional hydrocarbon based fuels after combustion or burning. The conventional hydrocarbon-based fuels will produced a greater output of some noxious by-product, for example, carbon monoxide. That means, biofuels could lead to less localized smog in urban centers (Charles et al). Energy...
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...ASSIGNMENT DEFORESTATION: A THREAT AGAINST OUR PLANET Student: Khuc Van Mai Student number: 20135988 Class: TA1.01 – K58 School of Foreign Languages Hanoi University of Science and Technology December 2014 Contents Introduction 1. Impacts of deforestation 2.1. Deforestation contributes to global warming 2.2. Deforestation loses biodiversity 2.3. Deforestation impacts soil negatively 2. Causes of deforestation 1.1. Population growth is an indirect reason of deforestation 1.2. Deforestation is rooted by urbanization and industrialization 1.3. Agriculture leads to deforestation 3. Solutions Conclusion References | 111233345567 | Deforestation: A threat against our planet Introduction Forests play an important role in our lives. Not only do they maintain biodiversity, for example providing food and shelters for animals and plants, but they also provide important sources such as food, woods, and herb medicines for human beings. They, moreover, help control climate and prevent soil from erosion. Forests, however, are under threat by deforestation – an act of clearing trees to exploit resources like woods, minerals, medicines and to create land for agricultural activities or space for building facilities, for instance houses, roads, etc. Deforestation is a pressing problem, and it is killing our planet because of many reasons. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impacts of deforestation on our...
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...Research Essay Deforestation Leads to Serious Problems In the 21st century, the world is advancing to new heights in the field of technology. Human beings have made every facility for their better life. But human beings did not care about nature. Deforestation is the result of unawareness of human beings about nature. Deforestation has direct relationship with success of human beings. Thousand years ago, more than 80% of total land area was covered with forests. In present days, less than 12% of total land area is covered with forests (Hermy 362). Is cutting of trees beneficial for society? Does it lead to serious problems? Some people argue that deforestation is deforestation is necessary for success of many government projects and humanity. However, I would argue that the environment, wild life and human life are negatively affected by deforestation. It has large number of demerits. It has degraded environment by global warming and acid rain in different areas of world. Moreover, deforestation destroys the natural home of wild animals. Wild animals have no homes for living in most of parts of the world. Deforestation disturbs human life by depletion of ozone layer of the earth, increase in concentration of carbon dioxide in environment and reduction in the number of trees, which are used in the production of many medicines. These problems had not fixed. These are increasing day by day with the rate of cutting trees. To illustrate, deforestation has brought...
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...the market to maximise their utility (WHO 2010). To ensure an efficient allocation of resources, neoliberalists argue for widespread liberalisation i.e. the reduction of rules and restrictions, and the privatisation of public enterprises. However, the reality of Neoliberalism has been very different to the theory. Regulation provides the framework within which markets work and enables the moderation of the externalities they produce, thus deregulation was in fact limited and was quickly followed by regulation (Levi-Faur 2005: 13). Because of this, Polanyi (in Peck, 2010: 330) writes: “the road to a free market was opened and kept open by an enormous increase in continuous, centrally organized and controlled interventionism”. In this essay, I look at the impacts of Neoliberalism on World Politics, focusing on two in particular. Firstly I explain that the policies of liberalisation and privatisation, albeit supported by regulation, have led to increasing inequality and after this, I argue that Neoliberalism is partially to blame for the environmental issues we face today. It is widely known that inequality is rising in the modern world. The 2015 Global Wealth Report (Stierli et al. 2015) compiled by Credit Suisse explains that the wealthiest 1% “own half of all household assets in the world” while the bottom 71% own only 3% and this trend is...
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...a steep increase in resource depletion and environmental degradation. These trends have fueled the debate on the link between population and environment that began 150 years earlier, when Malthus voiced his concern about the ability of the earth and its finite resources to feed an exponentially growing population. The purpose of this study is to review the literature on population and environment and to identify the main strands of thought and the assumptions that lie behind them. The author begins with a review of the historical perspective. He then reviews and assesses the evidence on the relationship between population and environment, focusing on selected natural and environmental resources: land use, water use, local pollution, deforestation and climate change. The author also reviews selected recent macro and micro perspectives. The new macro perspective introduces the environment-income relationship and examines the role of population growth and density in mediating this relationship. The new micro perspective introduces the close relationship between poverty and environmental degradation, also examining the roles of gender in decision-making and the role of children as economic assets in fertility decisions. Finally, the author carries out a comparative assessment of the approaches and methods employed in the literature to explain the wide variation in findings and predictions. This literature review demonstrates...
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...a steep increase in resource depletion and environmental degradation. These trends have fueled the debate on the link between population and environment that began 150 years earlier, when Malthus voiced his concern about the ability of the earth and its finite resources to feed an exponentially growing population. The purpose of this study is to review the literature on population and environment and to identify the main strands of thought and the assumptions that lie behind them. The author begins with a review of the historical perspective. He then reviews and assesses the evidence on the relationship between population and environment, focusing on selected natural and environmental resources: land use, water use, local pollution, deforestation and climate change. The author also reviews selected recent macro and micro perspectives. The new macro perspective introduces the environment-income relationship and examines the role of population growth and density in mediating this relationship. The new micro perspective introduces the close relationship between poverty and environmental degradation, also examining the roles of gender in decision-making and the role of children as economic assets in fertility decisions. Finally, the author carries out a comparative assessment of the approaches and methods employed in the literature to explain the wide variation in findings and predictions. This literature review...
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...CONRAD P. KOTTAK Department of Anthropology University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109 The New Ecological Anthropology Older ecologies have been remiss in the narrowness of their spatial and temporal horizons, their functionalist assumptions, and their apolitical character. Suspending functionalist assumptions and an emphasis upon (homeo)stasis, "the new ecological anthropology" is located at the intersection of global, national, regional, and local systems, studying the outcome of the interaction of multiple levels and multiple factors. It blends theoretical and empirical research with applied, policy-directed, and critical work in what Rappaport called an "engaged" anthropology; and it is otherwise attuned to the political aspects and implications of ecological processes. Carefully laying out a critique of previous ecologies by way of announcing newer approaches, the article insists on the need to recognize the importance of culture mediations in ecological processes rather than treating culture as epiphenomenal and as a mere adaptive tool. It closes with a discussion of the methodologies appropriate to the new ecological anthropology. / "the new ecology, " political ecology, applied or engaged anthropology, linkages methodology] cological anthropology was named as such during the 1960s, but it has many ancestors, including Daryll Forde, Alfred Kroeber, and, especially, Julian Steward. Steward's cultural ecology influenced the ecological anthropology of Roy Rappaport...
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...MARKETING ASSIGNMENT REPORT WRITING ON LUSH COSMETICS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: This report is on LUSH cosmetics – a sustainable brand in cosmetic industry. This report will describe about marketing history, company ethics and current market position of LUSH. This report also deals how LUSH is making their products with sustainability and what marketing strategy they are following. We will discuss about marketing mix of LUSH, How they are doing ethical business and their position in competitive market. We will also do SWOT analysis and LUSH position mapping with other brands. This report also concentrates how LUSH can improve its marketing strategy. Keywords: Organic, Cosmetic, Sustainability, Product Portfolio, Marketing mix, Customer, Social Media, Competitive. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION: ..…………………………………………………………………………...5 1.1 MARKETING BACKGROUND OF LUSH: ………………………………………………...6 1.2 COMPANY PROFILE: ……………………………………….……………………………...7 2 LUSH AND SUSTAINABILITY:……………………….……………………………………8 2.1 LUSH AND GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN: ……………………………………………………8 2.2 LUSH AND SOCIAL INFLUENCE: ……………………………………………………….9 3 LUSH PRODUCT ANALYSIS: ……………………………………………………………..10 3.1 LUSH PRODUCTS: ……………………………………………………………………….10 3.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO: ………………………………………………………………….11 3.3 LUSH SERVICES: ……………………………………………………………………….…11 3.4 LUSH AND THEIR SUPPLIER: ………………………………………………………..…11 3.5 LUSH AND THEIR CUSTOMERS: …………………………………………….…………12 4 MARKETING STRATEGY OF LUSH: …………………………………………………...
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...Task 1 Organisation Definition of Organisation “A social unit of people that is structured and managed to meet a need or to pursue collective goals. All organizations have a management structure that determines relationships between the different activities and the members, and subdivides and assign roles, responsibilities; and authority to carry out different task.” (Sources: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/organization.html) From that statement, my understanding about organisation is a group of people that is specifically organised within their area and cooperates with each other within the group or usually define as a group of people working together to achieve common goal. Diagram 1.0: Example of chart of McDonald’s organisation As an example, in McDonald’s restaurant, there would be restaurant manager that monitor the restaurant with the help of first assistant manager. Then there would be second assistant manager that trains the trainee manager that comes from shift running floor manager. Before that, floor manager also has to train the trainee floor manager that comes from training squad. The crew member that works to serve the customer also has to train the trainee worker. Types of Organisation Diagram 1.1: Example of Types of Organisation There are 3 types of organisation that I am going to explain which are public sector organisations, private sector organisations and voluntary sector organisations. Firstly, public sector organisations are...
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...Contents 1. Strategic Review................................................................................................................5 1.1.1. 1.1. 1.1.2. 1.2. The industry.....................................................................................................................................7 Needs and Expectations of stakeholders of an organization ............................... 10 1.3.1. 1.3. The macro-environment.............................................................................................................6 External factors affecting the organization...................................................................5 Macro-environmental level: Pestle analysis is applied ...............................................12 Major Changes taking place in the external environment.................................... 12 1.3.2. Industry Level: Porter five forces.........................................................................................13 2. Review of Tesco Existing Plans ................................................................................. 16 2.1. Tools to analyze the effect of current business plan............................................... 16 2.2. Position of Tesco in its current market ....................................................................... 17 2.3. Competitive Strengths and weaknesses of current business strategy ............. 19 3. Consideration...
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...Edited by Kristen Walker Painemilla, Anthony B. Rylands, Alisa Woofter and Cassie Hughes Edited by Kristen Walker Painemilla, Anthony B. Rylands, Alisa Woofter and Cassie Hughes Conservation International 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500 Arlington, VA 22202 USA Tel: +1 703-341-2400 www.conservation.org Editors : Kristen Walker Painemilla, Anthony B. Rylands, Alisa Woofter and Cassie Hughes Cover design Paula K. Rylands, Conservation International : Layout: Kim Meek, Washington, DC Maps [except where noted otherwise] Kellee Koenig, Conservation International : Conservation International is a private, non-profit organization exempt from federal income tax under section 501 c (3) of the Internal Revenue Code. ISBN 978-1-934151-39-6 © 2010 by Conservation International All rights reserved. The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of Conservation International or its supporting organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Any opinions expressed in this publication are those of the writers, and do not necessarily reflect those of Conservation International (CI). Suggested citation: Walker Painemilla, K., Rylands, A. B., Woofter, A. and Hughes, C. (eds.). 2010. Indigenous Peoples and Conservation: From Rights to Resource Management. Conservation...
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...COLLAPSE HOW S O C I E T I E S CHOOSE TO FAIL OR S U C C E E D JARED DIAMOND VIK ING VIKING Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, U.S.A. Penguin Group (Canada), 10 Alcorn Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 3B2 (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R ORL, England Penguin Ireland, 25 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Books Australia Ltd, 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi—110 017, India Penguin Group (NZ), Cnr Airborne and Rosedale Roads, Albany, Auckland 1310, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R ORL, England First published in 2005 by Viking Penguin, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. 13579 10 8642 Copyright © Jared Diamond, 2005 All rights reserved Maps by Jeffrey L. Ward LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA Diamond, Jared M. Collapse: how societies choose to fail or succeed/Jared Diamond. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-670-03337-5 1. Social history—Case studies. 2. Social change—Case studies. 3. Environmental policy— Case studies. I. Title. HN13. D5 2005 304.2'8—dc22...
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