...Property Rights According to Alchian (1973), property rights are determined based on the ability to establish the ownership of those resources. At times the rights of the property and enforcement of those property superseded those of human rights; therefore, this creates conflict. According to the author Alchian (2008) human rights enforce those property rights and this is were the conflict lies. The owner has the right to establish how those resources are being used and enforced. On the other hand, private property according to Alchian (2008) has three elements that are as follows; the ability to use the resource, provide adequate servcices to the resource and the ability to transfer the resource under a mutual agreement. However, the government via the courts has imposed limitations on private property, which according to many economists negatively impact the economy. The price control is determined by the general society regardless of a private ownership. Therefore, the price of property rights can override the individuals regardless of race, status, age and this often leads to discrimination hence, increases in prices. Moreover, since the government is the only party that benefits from the execution of private property. The author Alchian (2008) explains that more than one individual should enforce private rights in order to affect the market in a positive form. Therefore, equal amount of ownership is disbursed equally and the sharing of the profits is gained as a group...
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...WEEK 10 Starbucks Balanced Scorecard University of Maryland University College Professor AMBA 630 12/14/2015 Table of Contents Executive Summary……………………………………………………………………………3 Balanced Scorecard for Starbucks Coffee Company-Figure…………………………………..4 Vision Statement…………………………………………………………………………….…5 Mission Statement…………………………………………………………………………...…5 Values................................................................................................................................…….5 Balanced Scorecard for Starbucks Coffee Company………………………………………….6 Financial Perspective ………………………………………………………………………….6 Customer Perspective………………………………………………………………………….8 Internal Perspective……………………………………………………………………………9 Employee Learning and Growth……………………………………………………………...11 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….……13 References…………………………………………………………………………………….14 Appendix……………………………………………………………………………………...16 Executive Summary The balanced scorecard is a technique that helps organizations to implement strategies to reach their mission and vision. In this paper, I will discuss a balanced scorecard that managers of Starbucks Coffee Company should use to measure their business. The first store of Starbucks opened in Seattle, Washington. Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl and Gordon Bowker got the idea from Alfred Peet. At first, only coffee beans and coffee making equipment were being sold, but after 10 years Howard Schultz was hired as Director of Retail Operations and he wanted...
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...Introduction The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) was signed into law in July 2002 with the goal of improving the scope of declared information and the rectitude of financial statements of U.S. publicly traded companies through increasing their reporting standards, the implementation of independent audits, and the institution of steep penalties for corporate executives who submit fallacious filings (Botes, 2012). These actions provide increased investor assurance of the accuracy of public financial filings through improving their reliability and breadth of disclosure (Botes, 2012). The following report shows how the Act has impacted outside independent audit firms, the accuracy of public company financial statements and the cost of capital for public companies. The report further discusses the main advantages and disadvantages of the law, what changes should be made to it, and why the legislation cannot guarantee the accuracy of public company financial statements despite the attention CEOs and CFOs are paying to the law. Outside Independent Audit Firms Under SOX independent audit firms perform audit reviews of financial filings, in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), and under the direction of the Public Company Oversight Accounting Board (PCOAB), in order to assure the disclosure and accuracy of financial filings (Livingstone, 2003; Botes, 2012). Botes notes these reviews provide a uniform platform for sound financial reporting and act as a deterrent...
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...AMBA 640 / AMBA 640 HYBRID COURSE MATERIALS ASSIGNMENTS Acme Mexico City and Application of World-Class Operations and Information Systems Management Techniques and Production Planning and Strategy for Toyota North America (Version 06/01/15) Background Information for Acme Mexico City Acme Home Improvements, Inc. was founded in 1982 in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA. By mid 2015, the company had 125 stores along the US East Coast from Florida to Maine. Its annual sales are currently ~$5,400,000,000 with $280,000,000 net income. The average store is about 100,000 square feet with an additional 10,000 square feet of outside garden center. The stores typically carry 40,000 different products from 5,000 vendors worldwide. Major US competitors include Ace, Home Depot, Lowe's, and TruValue. All four operate already in Mexico. 1 In the interests of seeking greater profits and buffering against downturns in the US market, Acme has determined to follow these and other competitors to Canada and Mexico. In the latter, it has established, in accordance with Mexican law, a joint venture with local interests, known as Acme Home Improvements de México, SA de CV ("Acme de México" or "Acme Mexico City"). (SA de CV = Sociedad Anónima de Capital Variable, a Mexican corporate form.) There are five major product groups within each Acme store: plumbing and electrical supplies, building materials, hardware and tools, seasonal and garden/yard items, and paint, flooring and wall coverings. Each store...
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...Group 2 Assignment: The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) & Financial Statements Accuracy University of Maryland University College Geralda Francois Courtney Holbrook Nicole Mone Walker Moyosore Bankole AMBA630 Mark Wylie August 18, 2015 Introduction The United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was created after the Great Depression of the 1930’s, and given a mandate to oversee US financial markets. Since then its basic policy has been to promote transparency in corporate finance, through the full disclosure of companies’ financial performances. This allowed the SEC to maintain a strong track record of corporate financial disclosure oversight through the 1990’s, when a period of rapid stock market growth and crashes rocked the system (Introduction to SOX, n.d). During that period, companies such as Enron and Sunbeam Corporation abruptly filed for bankruptcy or devalued overnight. This occurred largely because they concealed the real state of their financial health on audit reports (Livingston, 2003, p.7). In response to these scandals the US Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). Many of the provisions in SOX give additional powers to the SEC, including jurisdiction over the new Public Accounting Oversight Board and oversight over private industry Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), and Generally Accepted Auditing Standards (GAAS). Moreover, U.S. public company CEOs and CFOs must certify the accuracy of financial statements...
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...Sri Lanka | Diversified Holdings Initiation of coverage EQUITY RESEARCH 5 September 2013 CT Holdings PLC (CTHR) Cashing in on consumption growth CT Holdings (CTHR) is the fourth-largest Sri Lankan diversified company by market capitalization. The company holds controlling interests in Cargills (CSE ticker: CARG, CTHR’s 70%-owned food retail company), the country’s largest chain of supermarkets, as well as in several companies in the food processing, restaurant, real estate, entertainment and financial services sectors. We expect CTHR’s revenues from continuing operations to post an 11.1% CAGR over FY14E-FY16E and net margin to expand 40bps to 2.3% by FY16E. Rising disposable income should continue to boost consumer demand and benefit Sri Lanka’s modern food retail market, driving CTHR’s retail and wholesale distribution segment (84% of revenue in FY13) at an 8.8% CAGR over FY14EFY16E. We expect margins to benefit from higher food sales and economies of scale in food processing. However, high finance costs resulting from CTHR’s recent spate of acquisitions may pressure earnings. We arrive at a valuation range of LKR126-153 for CTHR, compared with the current share price of LKR140, as at 4 September 2013. Sri Lanka’s organized food retail penetration grew to 15% in 2012 from 10% in 2004. This growth was supported by rising disposable income (12.6% CAGR over 2010-2012) and a slowly increasing preference for shopping at modern retail outlets. However, penetration remains lower...
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...Executive Summary Developed by Robert Kaplan and David Norton, the balanced scorecard is a performance measurement system that considers not only financial measures, but also customer, business process, and learning measures (QuickMBA, 2010). Currently, I reside at one of the largest defense contractor’s in today’s business market; I shall refer to them as Logistics Joint Defense Corporation. This corporation specializes in Logistics or the movement of goods. My title is a Logistics Analyst/Specialist and I work to bring all manufacturing components together for the construction of customer products. My involvement includes the initial phasing process until the final delivery of the product. Product orientations include space, under water exploration systems, and various flight specializations. Cascio (2010), noted that “performance management requires willingness and a commitment to focus on improving performance at the level of the individual or team every day” (p. 331). The rationale for this report is to identify and analyze the strategic objectives of my current organization’s unit. Review of the assessment on improving and refining strategy implementation and performance monitoring will include an investigation of the balanced scorecard that encompasses financial, customer, internal and learning objectives, identification of metrics used to measure the objectives, the set target values, and reasoning of how and why the slated recommendations were chosen for maximizing...
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...Running head: THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 1 The Sarbanes-Oxley Act Matthew Gurniak University of Maryland University College Author Note This paper was prepared for AMBA 630, Section 9046, taught by Professor Wylie. Introduction American investors lost confidence in the American market, as a result of several large companies falsifying financial statements. In response to this matter, Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in the year of 2002 (Rehbein, 2010, p.90). Though there are many benefits that have come out of SOX, many argue that there are several issues that should be addressed. As a team we will discuss the main advantages and disadvantages of the act, the effect the act has had on CEO’s and CFO’s of publicly held companies, how the act has affected the function of internal controls within organizations, and what changes should be made to act. What Are the Main Advantages and Disadvantages of SOX? The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) has many advantages. There are repeated ethical scandals in business and the majority of the time “ethics and the law run parallel” to each other (Livingstone, 2009, P. 4). The SOX is the first step in holding companies accountable and is a model for accounting practice reform. The SOX controls auditors’ independence and responsibility by fighting business fraud and improving corporate governance. Tsui (2009) stated that “the SOX increases personal liabilities of senior management...
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...A Review and Analysis of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Megan Allen Jason Pratt Mike Sogunro LaShaunda Person University of Maryland University College This paper was prepared for AMBA 630, taught by Professor Little and Professor Riley Introduction The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was signed into law to protect investors by mandating processes that improved the accuracy and trustworthiness of corporate disclosures made pursuant to the securities laws, and for other purposes. The law was also enacted in response to several major corporate and accounting scandals; two of the most infamous cases are Enron and WorldCom. This research paper will focus on the analysis of four issues and discuss how the Sarbanes-Oxley Act affected the following subjects: A. 1. Audit committees of public company board of directors responsibilities since SOX 2. Sarbanes-Oxley section 404 on internal control 3. The accuracy of public company financial statements and the cost of capital for public companies 4. The main advantages and disadvantages of Sarbanes-Oxley Act B. Can legislation guarantee the accuracy of public company financial statements? Why have previous laws failed? Why CEOs and CFOs are paying so much attention to this law? Audit Committees of Public Company Board of Directors Responsibilities since Sarbanes-Oxley Act Since its enactment, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) has significantly increased the authority and responsibilities of audit committees and the board of directors...
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...The ESA’s Balanced Scorecard Damian Miles June 15, 2015 AMBA 630 – WEEK 10 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Entertainment Software Association (ESA) is a U.S trade association dedicated to serving the business and public affairs needs of companies that publish computer and video games for video game consoles, personal computers, and the internet. Each year the ESA looks to find ways to highlight, and bring positive awareness to the video game industry, while also deterring negative press along the way. Our industry is fun, innovative, creative, and inspiring; and also has an enormous amount of growth potential. The ESA is directly serving the publishers of the gaming industry, by offering a range of services. Services are as follows, but not limited to; a global content protection program, business and consumer research, government relations and intellectual property protection efforts. The ESA also provided the industry with the biggest trade show, which allows our member companies to use a huge platform to bring their newest innovation, and technology to the public. The ESA measures company success from services provided video game industry is usually evident through different factors. The ultimate goal is to have every U.S. video games publishing company become a member of our company. That will happen if we continue to support, work, and build the industry through our services to our member companies. Financial...
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...Redalyc Sistema de Información Científica Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Berkowitz, Ross;Goldstein, Donald EMBARAZO MOLAR Revista del Hospital Materno Infantil Ramón Sardá, Vol. 28, Núm. 3, 2009, pp. 129-134 Asociación de Profesionales del Hospital Materno Infantil Ramón Sardá Argentina Disponible en: http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/src/inicio/ArtPdfRed.jsp?iCve=91212200006 Revista del Hospital Materno Infantil Ramón Sardá ISSN (Versión impresa): 1514-9838 asociacionsarda@yahoo.com.ar Asociación de Profesionales del Hospital Materno Infantil Ramón Sardá Argentina ¿Cómo citar? Número completo Más información del artículo Página de la revista www.redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Actualización EMBARAZO MOLAR Ross Berkowitza y Donald Goldsteina Traducción: Dra. Carla C. Oterob Publicado en N Engl J Med 2009;360:1639-1645. El siguiente artículo comienza con un caso clínico. Se presenta la evidencia que sustenta el manejo y las estrategias, seguida de una revisión de las guías. Este artículo finaliza con recomendaciones clínicas de los autores. Caso clínico Embarazada de 37 años, cursando la 10 semana de gestación, que consulta por sangrado vaginal. El examen físico demuestra altura uterina correspondiente a la edad gestacional con niveles de sub-beta HCG de 22.000 mIU/ml. Por ecografía no se comprueban latidos fetales. Luego de recibir un...
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...Caso 7.- Concha y Toro S.A. En Abril del año 2007, Eduardo Guilisasti Gana, Gerente General de Viña Concha y Toro S.A., se preparaba para asistir a su reunión de directorio. En ella se discutirían los rumbos a seguir por la compañía; después de todo el año 2006 había sido difícil para la empresa según le comentaba a Heidi Pérez, su asistente: “se combinaron una serie de factores que nos afectaron, como la fortaleza del peso frente al dólar, un elevado costo de materia prima en el primer semestre, la sobreoferta de vinos en el mercado mundial y una mayor competencia en los mercados clave. Esto afectó nuestro desempeño total.” “El futuro plantea una serie de desafíos y oportunidades. La empresa debe ajustarse a los cambios que ha experimentado el mercado mundial del vino, en el que hay una intensificación de la competencia y también nuevos y potenciales consumidores, cada vez más sofisticados y exigentes.” Además, se debe tomar en cuenta nuestra dependencia de monedas internacionales y la volatilidad de éstas, así como analizar la necesidad de nuevas plantaciones para garantizar la calidad de las uvas para vinos Premium. Tenemos la necesidad de continuar avanzando en varios frentes, todos vitales para lograr consolidar el éxito de las exportaciones a largo plazo.” La duda es en cuales frentes avanzar. La Empresa Actualmente, Concha y Toro es la viña más grande de Chile , con una participación en el mercado local del 28.6% del volumen de ventas en 2006. Además...
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...www.FreeLibros.me www.FreeLibros.me Preparación y evaluación de proyectos Quinta edición Nassir Sapag Chain Reinaldo Sapag Chain Revisor Técnico Álvaro Alfonso Moreno Suárez Decano de Economía Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Presidente Asociación Colombiana de Facultades y Departamentos de Economía - Afadeco Bogotá, Colombia BOGOTÁ • SANTIAGO • BUENOS AIRES • CARACAS • GUATEMALA • LISBOA • MADRID MÉXICO • NUEVA YORK • PANAMÁ • SAN JUAN • SÃO PAULO • AUCKLAND • HAMBURGO Londres ⋅ Milán ⋅ Montreal ⋅ Nueva Delhi ⋅París ⋅ San Francisco ⋅ Sidney Singapur ⋅ St. Louis ⋅ Tokio ⋅ Toronto www.FreeLibros.me Editora: Lily Solano Arévalo Manufactura Colombia: Bibiana García Diagramación: Yolanda Alarcón Preparación y evaluación de proyectos. Quinta edición Prohibida la reproducción total o parcial de esta obra, por cualquier medio, sin autorización escrita del editor. DERECHOS RESERVADOS © 2008, respecto a la cuarta edición por McGraw-Hill Interamericana S.A. Carrera 11 No. 93-46 oficina 301. Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. ISBN 10: 956-278-206-9 ISBN 13: 978-956-278-206-7 Impreso en Colombia Printed in Colombia 5123468907 Impreso en Colombia 1234567890 Printed in Colombia www.FreeLibros.me A nuestras esposas, Cristina y Silvia, y a nuestros hijos, Álvaro, Andrea, Carolina, Claudio, José y Verónica, quienes aceptaron sacrificar tantas horas que les pertenecían y que les fueron sustraídas en la absorbente tarea de preparación de este proyecto...
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...CAP. I / LA CONTABILIDAD FINANCIERA PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE CHILE ESCUELA DE ADMINISTRACIÓN CONTABILIDAD FINANCIERA PARA DIRECCIÓN DE EMPRESAS Julio Gálvez B. * Vivian Clarke L. ** *: **: Profesor Titular de la Escuela de Administración de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Ex Socio Principal, Langton Clarke y Cia. Ltda. y Profesor Adjunto de la Escuela de Administración de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. SANTIAGO - CHILE 2009 1 CONTABILIDAD FINANCIERA PARA DIRECCIÓN DE EMPRESAS J.GÁLVEZ / V. CLARKE INTRODUCCIÓN Este texto de Contabilidad Financiera para Dirección de Empresas (versión de trabajo), ha sido preparado contando con la permanente colaboración y apoyo de un grupo de profesores, ayudantes y alumnos de la Escuela de Administración de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. La estructura básica usada en este texto, está tomada de la forma en que el curso de Contabilidad Financiera es enseñado por los profesores S. Davidson y R. Weil en la Escuela de Negocios de la Universidad de Chicago. Varias de las citas y ejemplos corresponden a apuntes de clases tomados por uno de los autores en las ocasiones en que fue alumno de los mencionados profesores. Algunos ejemplos y conceptos han sido tomados textualmente de las materias incluidas en el libro "Financial Accounting: An Introduction to Concepts, Methods and Uses", de los profesores Davidson, Stickney y Weil. Un aporte muy importante a las sucesivas modificaciones y mejoras que...
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...Fernando Jaramillo Betancur Magíster en administración de la Universidad ICESI, especialista en finanzas de la Universidad EAFIT. Profesor de tiempo completo de la Universidad de Antioquia en el período 1979-1992. Jefe del programa de administración en el período 1990-1992. Director de la especialización en Evaluación Socioeconómica de Proyectos de la Universidad de Antioquia, 1992. Director de la especialización en Finanzas 1993- 1996 de la Universidad ICESI. Decano de la Escuela de Administración de la Institución Universitaria CEIPA, 1996-2000. Director del Centro de Investigaciones y Consultorías Administrativas -CICA- de la Universidad de Antioquia en el período 2002-2006. Actualmente, es profesor de tiempo completo ocasional de la misma Universidad. Profesor de pregrado en distintas universidades de la ciudad de Medellín. Profesor de posgrado de la Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad ICESI, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Universidad de Medellín, Universidad del Norte, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Institución Universitaria CEIPA, Universidad de Córdoba, Corporación Universitaria del Sinú, Universidad San Buenaventura, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana de Bucaramanga y Medellín. Investigador en las áreas administrativas y financieras en los temas: Influencia de la legislación fiscal en la teoría contable; Las operaciones de ADR's y GDR's como mecanismo de financiación de las empresas colombianas;...
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