...INTEL v/s AMD When researching the differences between Intelligence processors (INTEL) and Advance Micro Devices (AMD) it is safe to say they both have importance to the type of project in which you are performing keeping in mind you can’t install an AMD processor in an Intel-compatible motherboard or vice versa. INTEL processors are the more expensive of the two more often because of their better “frames per second” which make gaming experiences better. It was found to have better battery capacity with sleep states and enhanced power management which gives it mobility for the more “on the move type” personnel. Intel processors, although better for these reasons, lack in upgrade potential for the money that is spent. Even the latest CPU on the market, with an Intel processor, runs with the same default frequencies as earlier models with no noticeable difference in speed. This is due to the positioning of a controller that communicates with the memory and the processor. This process slows down the flow of information. AMD processors, on the other hand, communicate directly with the computer’s memory. Unlike its competition, AMD capable computers can have multiple processing units on one chip with multiple cores. The two basic processors are meant for personal computers and video card use which range from video editing to 3D gaming. This not only makes it more capable of performing more tasks, it also makes it a more affordable choice. I personally own...
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...Desktop 3rd Generation Intel® Core™ Processor Family Specification Update March 2014 Revision 017 Reference Number: 326766 By using this document, in addition to any agreements you have with Intel, you accept the terms set forth below. You may not use or facilitate the use of this document in connection with any infringement or other legal analysis concerning Intel products described herein. You agree to grant Intel a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to any patent claim thereafter drafted which includes subject matter disclosed herein. INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN INTEL'S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, INTEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER AND INTEL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, RELATING TO SALE AND/OR USE OF INTEL PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. A “Mission Critical Application” is any application in which failure of the Intel Product could result, directly or indirectly, in personal injury or death. SHOULD YOU PURCHASE OR USE INTEL'S PRODUCTS FOR ANY SUCH MISSION CRITICAL APPLICATION, YOU SHALL INDEMNIFY AND HOLD INTEL AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES, SUBCONTRACTORS AND AFFILIATES, AND THE DIRECTORS, OFFICERS...
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...to Cost Ratio: AMD vs. Intel United in the race to revolutionize the way computers drive our era, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), and Integrated Electronics (Intel) stand as beacons in the ever changing mist of intuition and unmeasured evolution. No matter whether you choose AMD or Intel the question at hand never changes, “What quality for what price?” Quality and expense derive the fundamental balance of performance at a reasonable price. The performance to cost ratio, even though consciously imperceptible, maintains the scales of reasonability in the grand compendium of computer structure. History has shown us that moving forward is the only way to succeed. With the founding of AMD in 1969 and Intel in 1968, these two corporations have gained strength and have shown immense prowess in the computer industry. Both companies, in their own way, have given society the best in our radically changing era. With Intel providing their products with end-user ease in mind, and AMD opening new doors to end-user personalization, both of these companies give a wide range of specialized products. With a price range as vast as the products each produce, there is a plethora of potential component combinations to match all socioeconomic classes. Keeping in mind the components each of these companies produce, to say one is better than the other is an opinion I do not wish to convey, rather I would give each of these giants the dues they deserve. Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) – Brings a new...
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...AMD Now AMD is currently ranked second, right behind Intel, in microprocessor chip sales. The stock market for AMD has also been performing well over the past year until recently there was a stock split, which in part was due to our development of the Athlon processor. I have read articles in the PC Magazine as well as other microprocessor expert’s blogs that all recognized the Athlon chip as the fastest and far more superior chip in the market today. In 2010, revenue increases are due to higher sales of seventh generation microprocessors and sale of flash memory devices; furthermore, higher margins, lower R&D expenses, and the absence of $32 million in restructuring charges, which is from 2008, reflect the increase in net income. AMD vs. Intel When we launched the k6 to compete with the Pentium II Processor, it was not a successful mission, except for price. It was however the most economic micro-processing chip on the market at that point in time. The problem with the chip was that it did not follow the Intel format and it needed different motherboards in order for it to run properly. AMD was hurt at this time but we made a comeback with the release of the new K6-2 processor. The K6-2 Processor was faster, better, and cheaper. The processor ran on a 100 MHz bus, while Intel’s chips still ran on only a 66 MHz bus, this made AMD’s chip much faster. AMD product was also cheaper than any Intel based Pentium II computer. At this point AMD was introduced into the gaming community...
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...AMD Now AMD is currently ranked second, right behind Intel, in microprocessor chip sales. The stock market for AMD has also been performing well over the past year until recently there was a stock split, which in part was due to our development of the Athlon processor. I have read articles in the PC Magazine as well as other microprocessor expert’s blogs that all recognized the Athlon chip as the fastest and far more superior chip in the market today. In 2010, revenue increases are due to higher sales of seventh generation microprocessors and sale of flash memory devices; furthermore, higher margins, lower R&D expenses, and the absence of $32 million in restructuring charges, which is from 2008, reflect the increase in net income. AMD vs. Intel When we launched the k6 to compete with the Pentium II Processor, it was not a successful mission, except for price. It was however the most economic micro-processing chip on the market at that point in time. The problem with the chip was that it did not follow the Intel format and it needed different motherboards in order for it to run properly. AMD was hurt at this time but we made a comeback with the release of the new K6-2 processor. The K6-2 Processor was faster, better, and cheaper. The processor ran on a 100 MHz bus, while Intel’s chips still ran on only a 66 MHz bus, this made AMD’s chip much faster. AMD product was also cheaper than any Intel based Pentium II computer. At this point AMD was introduced into the gaming community...
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...Academic Honesty statement: I attest that this is my original work. I have not used unauthorized source of information - including paid sites/services - either modified or unmodified. I attest that the only source of information used in the development of this project has been retrieved from the course textbook and those sources listed within the documentation that is being provided as part of this assignment. I have not given other fellow student(s) access to my code, script, diagram, etc., in any form. Complete the Picture Troy Baillargeon Kaplan University IT 332 Principles of Information Systems Architecture May 4, 2014 Table of Contents Abstract 4 Introduction 5 Operating System 5 Servers 5 Computers 6 File System 7 Processors 9 Servers 9 Computers 10 Cluster Architecture 11 Network Architecture 12 Network Topology 14 Conclusion 15 References 16 Abstract This paper will discuss the suggested solution for our new network architecture. With our insurance company moving to new headquarters in Denver, Colorado and the expansion of our company to include satellite offices on both the east and west coast we will need to have a better system architecture which would include new processors, new operating system for our computers and servers, proper data backup, cluster architecture and use of RAID. All these details are important to make sure we have the proper infrastructure in place to continue to have high availability...
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...CISC vs RISC By Armin Gerritsen - Which one is better? - RISC vs CISC is a topic quite popular on the Net. Everytime Intel (CISC) or Apple (RISC) introduces a new CPU, the topic pops up again. But what are CISC and RISC exactly, and is one of them really better? This article tries to explain in simple terms what RISC and CISC are and what the future might bring for the both of them. This article is by no means intended as an article pro-RISC or pro-CISC. You draw your own conclusions … CISC Pronounced sisk, and stands for Complex Instruction Set Computer. Most PC's use CPU based on this architecture. For instance Intel and AMD CPU's are based on CISC architectures. Typically CISC chips have a large amount of different and complex instructions. The philosophy behind it is that hardware is always faster than software, therefore one should make a powerful instructionset, which provides programmers with assembly instructions to do a lot with short programs. In common CISC chips are relatively slow (compared to RISC chips) per instruction, but use little (less than RISC) instructions. RISC Pronounced risk, and stands for Reduced Instruction Set Computer. RISC chips evolved around the mid-1980 as a reaction at CISC chips. The philosophy behind it is that almost no one uses complex assembly language instructions as used by CISC, and people mostly use compilers which never use complex instructions. Apple for instance uses RISC chips. Therefore fewer, simpler and faster instructions...
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...Advanced Micro Devices (AMD): Strategic Plan for Managing Technological Innovation TM 583 – Section C Professor Edmead 8/21/10 Section 1 – Strategy TCO F – Given an organizational and industry context, identify and suggest a deployment strategy that will facilitate the success of a technologically-driven organization. Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), founded 1968, in Sunnyvale, California is a producer of Central Processing Units (CPUs), the main computing component in modern computers. AMD’s primary capability is the design and engineering of consumer, workstation, and server CPUs. Initially, AMD competed with Intel by reverse-engineering the original 8080 processors and then creating their own x386 variant, but a lack of funding stymied sustained, long-term innovation (Valich 2008). In many ways, this scenario is quite indicative of the role AMD has played throughout its history: the underdog. They leveraged their core competencies of microprocessor engineering by assimilating the designs and processes of competitors and then building upon that knowledge to create profitable (usually) products and services. However, AMD has experienced PR missteps (like the Phenom I TLB bug debacle on an already late-to-market product) from which they have struggled to recover. In order to re-gain the confidence of partners, suppliers, and consumers, AMD must prove, once again, that it’s not the size of the dog in the fight, but the size of the fight in the dog. 2 Looking toward...
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...AMD as a Company History Customers should come first, at every stage of a company’s activities. This customer driven approach to doing business was at the core of AMD’s founding in 1969 and remains the central focus of the company’s policy today. Advanced Micro Devices was founded in 1969 by a group of former executives from Fairchild Semiconductor. The company began by exclusively designing and producing microprocessors and slowly building on their core competencies to foray into other computer hardware. In 1975, AMD introduced a reverse-engineered clone of the Intel 8080 microprocessor. Even then Intel chip architecture was considered the industry standard. AMD’s laggard position in the industry can be traced all the way back to the beginning. Throughout the seventies AMD diversified its product portfolio into graphics, audio devices, and computer memory. AMD achieved minor success in the 1980s by briefly competing in the modem industry. At the time, AMD manufactured the only modem compatible with the various idiosyncrasies of the different telephone companies. In the late eighties AMD decided to devote its focus mainly to designing and manufacturing microchips. The company chose to compete directly with Intel and their established chip architecture. AMD acquired ATI Technologies in 2006, marking the company’s serious entry into the graphics industry. AMD’s jump into graphics got off to a rocky start. Later that year, AMD and its main rival in the graphics industry, NVIDIA...
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...for the same or less money. I have recently been told by people (Mac FanBoys) that I can’t build a pc just as fast for equal cost hence the necessity of this article. Note For this article we will be building a pc that is comparable to the 6-core configuration, so that sets my budget at a $4,000 limit. Processor: The Processor used in the Mac Pro is equal to an Intel Xeon E5-1650 running at 3.5 GHz. It has 6 processing cores and 12 threads. The processor I will be using in my build is Intel Core I7-4930K. It has 6 cores 12 threads and runs at 3.4 GHz. I have chosen the Core I7, because not only is it faster, but it is also half the price of the Xeon E5. The only advantage the Xeon has is that it can use Error correcting memory and the core I7 cannot. This means that I would have the potential for a higher ram upgrade by going with the Xeon but I don’t care, in the end of the day The core I7 is faster out of the box, can be over clocked, costs $500 less, and what’s to stop me from upgrading in the future. Intel Core I7-4930K Pass Mark Score: 13,550 Intel Xeon E5-1650 Pass Mark Score: 12,396 My Choice: Intel Core-I7 4930K $500 Motherboard: I will be using Asus Rampage IV Gene. As far as features and performance is concerned this one here is a no brainer. The only thing that hurts is that it only supports a maximum of 32 GB ram. However, looking at the bright side that’s how much ram I get to start out with. While it doesn’t have any thunderbolt ports, I myself don’t...
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...关键词拍卖方式 广告竞价排名的算法并不那么简单，直观。很多人可能和我最初的想法一样，对某一个关键词出价最高的广告主的广告排第一，次高的排在第二，比如对“处理器”这个关键词，Intel出价5美元，AMD出价3美元，那么用户搜索“处理器”时看到有Intel和AMD的广告时，它点Intel的广告，Intel就要为搜索引擎公司付费5美元，如果点AMD的，则AMD付费3美元。 如果你这么想，也没错太多，只是不足够好，这种方式术语叫“一阶密封价格拍卖”( first-price, sealed-bid auction)，密封的价格是指广告主之间不知道对方的出价( 即Intel和AMD不知道对方的出价 )，不同于电影中常看到的公开拍卖，它的术语叫公开增价拍卖( open ascending bid auction )。一阶价格拍卖是由GoTo公司提出， GoTo靠这种商业模式曾经达到过市值30亿美元，但它被Yahoo!收购的时候卖了16.3亿( 《浪潮之巅》134页有更详细的描述 )。 前面说一阶密封价格拍卖不够好，现在讲一下原因，现在假设Intel要彻底要铲除AMD公司( 《浪潮之巅》第5章讨论了Intel和AMD的关系，很有意思 )，如果大家都用一种搜索引擎，这种搜索引擎用的是一阶密封价格拍卖，如果AMD的广告每点5次就会有一个点击者被广告打动，买AMD的CPU，AMD每卖一个CPU可以收入15美元，再假设AMD可能会出价1美元投关键词“AMD”，简单的计算，点5次付广告费5美元，收入15美元，15-5美元，纯收入10美元。出于恶意，Intel公司也买“AMD”关键词，出价4美元，并把搜索页面前几页的广告全买下来，以这种方式封杀AMD广告。它如果投自己的广告也差不多是5次有一个点击者被打动买它的CPU，它的利润与AMD差不多，那它这样做就会亏本，如果它不想以本伤人，毕竟世界上并不是就Intel和AMD两家会生产CPU。它可以把广告词写上一些用户不太可能点的内容，比如它可以陷害Coca Cola公司，写上“Life Begins Here”。 首先AMD是遭殃了，搜索AMD的人完全看不到AMD的广告，而Intel并没有很多损失，因为很少有人在关注CPU的时候去点关于Coca Cola的广告。也许这时你还没看出有什么不对，你或许会说AMD可以起诉Intel，或是用相同的方法封杀Intel广告。但我还没提到最大的输家，它就是搜索引擎公司，两个广告者在斗气，相互封杀广告，但投出去的广告都是完全不相关的，没用户去点击，那么索引引擎公司根本就赚不了钱了。 其次还有一个在法律和道德范围之外的缺点，也就是两个广告主都是有着正常人格的人。我这里借用参考资料【1】中的例子：假设广告主A会为关键词Coffee最多付$1，广告主B会为同样的关键词Coffee最多付费$0.74。如果B以一个尽可能低的出价开始，假设$0.10，那么A广告主会出价0.11就可以得到第一个广告位。广告主B会做出出价0.12的反应，以此以往。一旦A出价$0.75，B不会再跟着出价$0.76，因为B认为Coffee这个关键词只值0.74。如果要得到第二个广告位，B只需要出价$0.10。A只需要出价$0.11就可以得到第一个广告位了，这样循环就开始了，参见下图： Google的AdWords平台开发者改变了这种竞价方式，他们设计了一种更稳定的二阶价格拍卖(second price auction )，在二阶价格拍卖中，出价最高的广告主只需要付出价次高的价格再加一个零头$0.01。 这时，广...
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...Memory Module – used in laptops only o RAMBUS (RD RAM) – more expensive compared to SD RAM o DIMM – Dual Inline Memory Module – term used to classify Desktop memory o Parity vs. non-parity – Parity is used to detect errors but won’t always find an error, has an extra parity bit o ECC vs. non-ECC – Error Correction Code is used to detect and correct errors in RAM o RAM configurations § Single channel vs. dual channel vs. triple channel – Installed in pairs for maximum throughput, memory frequencies should match, slots are often coloured the same o Single sided vs. double sided – the groups of memory on a module that can be accessed and not the physical layout of the memory package · RAM compatibility and speed – DDR 3 RAM will not be compatible with any other version of RAM due to the pin assignments and slot at the bottom of the RAM. Speed is measured in MHz and is calculated by dividing the PC value by 8 example: PC-3200 = 3200/8 = 400 thus PC-3200 is in fact DDR-400Mhz * Chipset * Northbridge The Northbridge typically handles communications among the CPU, in some cases RAM, and PCI Express (or AGP) video cards, and the Southbridge. Some Northbridge also contain integrated video controllers, also known as a Graphics and Memory Controller Hub (GMCH) in Intel systems. Because different...
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...NT1110 Notes · Unit 4 · motherboards & busses · topics of lecture · system bus · chipset · form factoe · memory slots · expansion slot · System Bus · Traits & necessities · Signal Pathway · A way of passing information betweem componets inside and outside the computer. · A modular way of expanding the functions or capabilities of the computer. · System Bus Architectures · PCI · AGP · PCIe (PCI Express) · Bus Mastering · Allows data to be passed from one device to another without CPU intervention. Allows a controller card to take control of the bus, leaving the CPU free to concentrate on other tasks. · Bus Mastering vs. DMA · DMA can send data from peripheral to RAM or from RAM to peripheral, without the intervention of the CPU. · Bus Mastering can send data from peripheral to peripheral, without the intervention of the CPU. · Peripheral Component Interconnect PCI · Developed for Pentium-class processors · 32-bit and 64-bit data path versions. · 33-MHz Clock · Processor Independant · Plug and play with bus mastering · PCI Evolution · 32-bit, 33 MHz · 64-bit, 33 MHz · 32- bit. 66 MHz · 64- bit, 66 MHz · Accelerated Graphics Port AGP · used exclusively for video carda, · Available in four gernerations (1x, 2x, 4x, 8x) · Considered more of a port than a bus · AGP modes 32-bits @ 66 MHz · data cycles per clock Bandwidth · AGP 1 266 Mbps · AGP 2x 2 ...
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...Abstract: This term paper presents two instructions set architectures, particularly the CISC and the RISC, which have been developed as computer architects aimed for a fast, cost-effective design. Included in this paper are the arguments made for each architecture, and of some performance comparisons on RISC and CISC processors. These data are collected from various papers published concerning the RISC versus CISC discussion. INTRODUCTION: The advent of microprocessor and strides in integrated circuit technology improved the performance of computer system at roughly 35% per year. Mass production of lower cost microprocessors has increased the share of microprocessor based computer in the market. This new architecture of microprocessor based computers has become a true success after two major changes in computer marketplace. One is elimination of programming at the assembly language level which eliminated the need for object-code compatibility. So any architecture could reuse the source code written in higher level languages. The second is the creation of standardized vendor-independent operating systems like UNIX and its clones like Linux which lowered the cost and risk of bringing out a new architecture. The open standard of systems eased the new computer architecture introduction. The above improvements helped evolve computer architecture from general microprocessor based architecture to a new set of architectures called RISC architectures. RISC stands for Reduced...
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...INTRODUCTION Imagine a world where individuals can provide a good or service to consumers, and in return be compensated. They might do a very good job and even make a considerable profit. Other individuals, seeing the success of this industry, would try to enter the market in order to compete. This idea is the very basis of free market and capitalist economies. But sometimes there are situations where an individual will have a product or service that is better, cheaper, or quicker than everyone else; so much so that they are the only ones that can effectively provide it. When this occurs, competing businesses and giant government entities will stop at nothing to shut it down. The Sherman Antitrust Act, the Clayton Act, and the Federal Trade Commission Act make up the current US antitrust laws. The antitrust laws are supposed to promote and protect competition. The philosophy behind the laws is that trusts and monopolies will stagnate markets and prevent others from engaging in healthy market competition. A monopoly is defined as a situation in which a single company owns all or nearly all of the market for a given type of product or service. (Investorwords, 2010) Antitrust law legislation started with the Sherman Act that was passed in 1890. The intent of the law was put in place to challenge the unchecked growth of corporations. By 1888, large corporations gained enough market muscle to dominate entire industries. The Sherman Act outlaws all contracts, combinations,...
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