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America Needs Its Nerds

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Chapter 5 Human Development
Infant
Pruning- the degradation of synapses and dying off of neurons that are no strengthened by experience (natures way of making brain more efficient)
Object permanence- the ability to realize that objects still exist when they are not being sensed
Animistic thinking- belief that inanimate objects are alive
Egocentrism- viewing the world from one’s own perspective, and not being capable of seeing things from another person’s perspective
Conservation- ability to recognize that when some properties of an object change, other properties remain constant
Preconventional level- the first level in Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning, focusing on avoiding punishment or maximizing rewards
Conventional level- second level, during which the person values caring, trust and relationships as well as the social order and lawfulness
Postconventional level- the third, person recognizes universal moral rules that may trump unjust or immoral local rules
Imprinting- the rapid and innate learning of the characteristics of a caregiver very soon after birth
Attachment- the strong emotional connection that develops early in life to keep infants close to their caregivers
Seperation Anxiety- the distress reaction shown by babies when they are separated from their primary caregiver (shown around 9 mths)
Secure attachment- attachment style characterized by infants who will gradually explore new situations when the caregiver leaves and intimate contact when the caregiver returns after separation
Social referencing- the ability to make use of social and emotional information from another person- especially a caregiver- in an uncertain situation
Emotional competence- the ability to control emotions and know when it is appropriate to express certain emotions
Adolescent
Adolescence- the transition period between childhood and adulthood

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