...Tara Mouton Political Science 4042 Mokeba Amnesty International Amnesty International is a non-governmental organization that has a primary focus of human rights and has over 3 million members and supporters around the world. They participate in international politics because they focus on relations among states and other political units across international waters. The mission statement of Amnesty International is to envision a world in which every person regardless or race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation or gender identity enjoys all of the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other internationally recognized human rights standards. Amnesty International unites people from all over the world to fight for human rights using their three signature tactics. The use research by keeping watch on rights of people around the world and publishing independent reports; action by using campaigns to gain attention of the international media, demanding attention of policy makers; and finally advocacy by promoting legislation that advances human rights. Amnesty International was created in 1961 in London when a British lawyer learned that two Portuguese students had be imprisoned for raising a toast to freedom and wrote an article that soon spread to newspapers around the world. The first meeting of Amnesty International was held shortly after with the original members of Belgium, the US, France, the UK, Germany, Switzerland, and Ireland....
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...Beyond the courtroom and differing conceptions of justice, the inflexibility of international criminal law to embrace local or indigenous culture and legal tradition cements the fact that victims needs will not be met. Centuries old customs concerning conflict resolution that may be integral to affected communities, make no appearance in international criminal justice. For example, the majority Nigeriens, the failure to consult a sarkin (tribal chief), and marabout (religious leader), in a gon (oracle) ceremony would leave the guilt or innocence of an alleged perpetrator in veritable doubt. Though many indigenous institutions for conflict resolution are considered subjective or contradictory by ‘enlightened’ outsiders, the fact remains that...
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...With Slavery Comes Hope The slavery stories portrayed in the short stories of Amnesty International delivered a newfound empathy for the people that have gone through these horrors. Article four is essential when discussing the Universal Decleration of Human Rights due to the overwhelming amount of slavery that has taken place around the world already. Although these are written, and encouraged to never be taken lightly, they still happen around the world today. Slavery will always be prevalent around the world in some way or another. In the short stories, a life of hope mixed with terror is a constant part of these people’s daily lives. Katya is one of the women portrayed in the short story under article four. In this story she is held a slave to the underground sex trafficking world. She was promised a waitressing job in the Balkans but instead was put to use in ways she never thought would happen to her. After Katya realized she wasn’t going to be a waitress she tried to leave, “So she decided she wanted to run back to mummy” (pg. 37 Lewycka). The owner wasn’t about to let her go after having spent good money on her. The owner of the whorehouse had Branko, the owners nephew beat her and eventually fractured some of her ribs and broke her foot. The owner seemed fine with this mistreatment of Katya but could not condone the other more horrendous treatment of her. “The bruises in her mouth and cigarette burns on her cunt I can’t condone” (pg. 38 Lewycka) The owner continually...
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...INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LONG-TERM PAPER ON: Amnesty International and its Working GUIDED BY: SUBMITTED BY: Dr. Bindale Vishakha Sharma ROLL NO.:A-29 Abstract: Amnesty International, commonly known as Amnesty or AI, is a non-profit, Non-governmental organisation (NGO), which focuses on Human Rights (HR) with over 7 million supporters and followers around the world. In the history of International Human Rights, Amnesty has the broadest name recognition and is believed by many to set standards for the movement as a whole. This paper deals with the working of Amnesty International and its recent contribution to Human Rights with a special reference to its working in India and its 2015-16 annual report. Introduction: Amnesty International (Amnesty or AI) is a non-governmental organisation which draws attention to human rights abuses and campaigns for compliance with international laws and standards. Amnesty has the broadest name recognition and is believed by many to set standards for the movement as a whole. It works by mobilising public opinion to put pressure on governments which let abuse or injustice take place. It has around 7 million members and supporters around the world. Motto : “It is better to light a candle than to curse the darkness.” Objective...
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...penalty? ‘Punishments are imposed on a person, not on racial or economic groups. Guilt is personal. The only relevant question is: does the person to be executed deserve the punishment?’ (Ernest van den Haag, 1986) According to Amnesty International, 139 countries have abolished the death penalty. In 2010, only one country, Gabon, abolished the death penalty for all crimes. During 2010, 23 countries executed 527 prisoners and at least 2,024 people were sentenced to death in 67 countries. More than 17,833 people are currently under sentence of death around the world (‘The Death Penalty Worldwide’) According to the United Nations, the highest per capita use of the death penalty is in Singapore, with a rate of 13.57 executions per one million population for the period 1994-99 (‘Executions Under Fire’) The death penalty is the most extreme form of punishment a government can use on its citizens Pros for death penalty ‘Simply put there is a class of people whose crimes are so heinous…that the death penalty should apply’ (Paul Rosenzweig, 2003) It is believed that governments can protect people by retaining the death penalty for murder and serious crime Opponents believe that governments should not take a life under any circumstance International human rights law forbids the execution of people who are under 18 years of age at the time of their crime (‘Death Penalty For Minors’) Cons for death penalty Unlike other punishments, the death penalty is final and cannot...
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...being. Their foundation stems from the view that all individuals are equal, and that there are certain rights that everyone should have. In any discussion on human rights, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is of great importance. Its signing in 1948 by the United Nations (UN) marked the 'true start of the international protection of human rights.' The Declaration was a response to the atrocities committed during the Second World War. The Declaration set out fundamental rights; these included the right to life and freedom from torture. These two rights are of vital importance in relation to the death penalty. The problem though, is that the UN Declaration was not binding in law, it had to be ratified by a country for it to be binding. However, that country may exclude from ratification any Articles or Protocols with which it does not agree. Amnesty International (A.I.) is strongly opposed to the death penalty; they feel it clearly violates fundamental human rights. Amnesty International is a non- governmental organization (NGO). NGO's concentrate on making reports on specific countries, on specific issues and they also propose legislation and recommend international standards. A.I. has been campaigning for the okay i stole this shit and i wish i was high enough to...
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...Running Head: Death Penalty Larry Williams Contemporary Issues in Criminal Justice CJA/313 University Of Phoenix Robin Rabiner May 10, 2009 Death Penalty There are crimes that take place throughout society. When crimes are investigated, and investigators have evidence that prove who were involved, there are consequences for their actions. In some cases, there are crimes that involve consequences such as the death penalty. This consequence can be one of the severe punishments that are placed in our judicial system. There are many people that are for, as well as those are against the death penalty. In many cases, the death penalty has its benefits, as well as its flaws. Unfortunately the death penalty seems to cause problems that leaves many mulling over. In this case, it seems that the flaws of the death penalty needs reinstituted. History The death penalty laws were founded in the early 1800s. This punishment was implemented for 25 different crimes. However, the death penalty establishment goes back as the early Fourteenth Century. “The death penalty was also part of the Fourteenth Century B.C.'s Hittite Code; in the Seventh Century B.C.'s Draconian Code of Athens, which made death the only punishment for all crimes.” (Death Penalty Information Center, 2009). As the centuries progressed, the number of death penalty crimes increased. By the early 1700s, there were over 200 crimes which systematize the death...
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...the United Nations General Assembly. *The sources that support my topic are listed in APA format: *Eddlem, T.R. (2005). Supreme arrogance: in one of its rulings, the Supreme Court has once again stepped beyond its legal bounds, ending capital punishment for people under 18 years old. Adding insult to injury, the court explicitly cited foreign sources in the main text of its decision. The New American 21.7 (April 4, 2005): p30(3). Retrieved June 5, 2009 from ProQuest database. *Arson, J.D. (2006). Brain imaging, culpability and the juvenile death penalty. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law. Vol.13 (2) pp. 115-142. Revised: March 17, 2007 Accepted: March 21, 2007. Retrieved June 4, 2009 from ProQuest database. *Amnesty International. (2009). Human Rights. Retrieved June 5, 2009 from http://www.amnestyusa.org Sub-Point(s) Internet Source Support From my mind mapping assignment, I have narrowed my topic even further. I have decided to focus my expository essay on the effects that a juvenile's age and maturity have on determining if the death penalty should be imposed or not. The article written by T.R. Eddlem, will assist in explaining the reasoning why the death penalty should be imposed on juveniles. This article also focuses on how the amendments of the Constitution contribute to the decision of imposing the death penalty on juveniles. The article by J.D. Arson expresses how...
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...Business law 100 Death Penalty Death penalty The death penalty, the hardest punishment that can be implemented by the states. Person is sentenced to death, executions, a person's life in accordance to the law (often in prison) occurs when the end. Historically, criminals and political opponents of the law to be executed by almost all societies, and to punish the crime has been used to suppress political disputes. Capital punishment is applied in most locations, premeditated murder, espionage, treason, or used within the scope of military justice. The majority of Muslims in some countries, sexual crimes such as adultery and sodomy, apostasy and religious crimes such as illegal behavior involving the death penalty takes place between. In many countries, drug trafficking or the person sentenced to death for a crime shall be deemed sufficient. In China, human trafficking and serious fraud can result in death penalty cases. Around the world in the military, military courts cowardice, desertion, insubordination, and was implementing the death penalty in crimes such as rebellion. Capital punishment is a controversial issue. Those who support the death penalty, the person committed a crime in certain crimes, such as withdrawal from and murder has been given the penalty argue. Opponents of capital punishment, life imprisonment with no difference in deterrence is not an issue, human rights were violated, that lead to incorrect execution, those in the...
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...The recruiters were never mentioned in court, and they may be doing this to other children still, over a decade later. Despite the fact that some people believe child soldiers should not be given amnesty, I strongly believe they should. Child soldiers should be given amnesty due to their age, since children as young as eight, witness horrors nobody should. Moreover, child soldiers have endured too much, so it’s understandable to react drastically to fragile environments. Lastly, the mental effects war and the military have had on child soldiers proves that there are other variables in why they committed the actions they did. Child soldiers are treated similarly to the contestants participating in the dystopian world of The Hunger Games, both are forced into war and neither are sure if they will come out the other end alive. The KONY 2012 campaign consisted of 3.7 million people marching to arrest Joseph Kony, leader of Lord’s Resistance Army (a rebel group operating in north...
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...Racial Disparity and the Death Penalty Jeanine Clark PHI 103 Namoi Sanderovsky July 2, 2012 Penalty Racial Disparity and the Death Penalty We should, generally, want fairness in all areas of public policy. We should especially want fairness with regard to the death penalty, since the stakes are so high. Yet the opponents of the death penalty make a most peculiar argument about fairness. They argue that if the death penalty is not administered fairly, and especially not administered with racial fairness, it must be abolished. Nobody would even think of trying to apply this principle in a consistent way. If we find that black neighborhoods get less police protection than white neighborhoods, would we withdraw cops from both black and white neighborhoods? If banks are discriminating against black home buyers in mortgage lending, would we demand they stop all mortgage lending? If we find the IRS discriminating against middle-class and poor taxpayers, would we want to abolish the IRS? The first question, of course, is whether the death penalty is administered unfairly. Among right-thinking, politically correct people, the phrase “racial unfairness” is a mere tautology. It is difficult to imagine that anything in American society is administered with racial fairness. But, in fact, the opponents of capital punishment have both a “mass market” version of the racial disparity argument and a “specialist” version, and the two versions are flatly...
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...WHAT DO THE ARMED CHILDREN DO? It's about 300.000 child soldiers around the world, we can't find a exact number, cause they who kidnapp or tricks the children into being one doesn't really want us to know, so there can be more children that needs help from us than we know about. The definition of a child soldier is "People under 18 who join in any form of legal or illegal armed group. You do not have to wear uniforms or weapons to be a child soldier, cause you can also be given the task to stand for the cooking. So I don't think that people really know what being a child soldier is, cause it's much more than only shooting. 40% of the child soldiers are girls. Girls are a forgotten group among child soldiers. They do many of the same duties as boys, but they also get forced to be sex slaves, maids and can be married against their will. WHAT HAPPENS TO THEM WHO GET SAVED? After the conflict is over earlier child soldiers need help to deal with the cruel actions and their experiences. This is called rehabilitation. Common responses of child soldiers are nightmares, anxiety attacks and guilt. Many child soldiers have also been addicted to alcohol or drugs which they have received from their leaders. They need help to get rid of the addiction. Education is also an important part of rehabilitation. Girls rarely get access to rehabilitation because many of those responsible for rehabilitation not counting them as child soldiers. Girls are also more difficult to remove...
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...must change. These states need to abolish it on the grounds that it carries a dangerous risk of punishing the innocent, is unethical and barbaric, and is an ineffective deterrent of crime versus the alternative of life in prison without parole. Capital punishment is the most irreparable crime governments perpetrate without consequence, and it must be abolished. “We’re only human, we all make mistakes,” is a commonly used phrase, but it is tried and true. Humans, as a species, are famous for their mistakes. However, in the case of the death penalty, error becomes too dangerous a risk. The innocent lives that have been taken with the approval of our own government should be enough to abolish capital punishment. According to Amnesty International, “The death penalty legitimizes an irreversible act of violence by the state and will inevitably claim innocent victims.” If there is any chance that error is possible (which there always is), the drastic measure of capital punishment should not be taken. Also, it is too final, meaning it does not allow opportunity for th accused to be proven innocent, a violation of the Fifth Amendment which guarantees due process of law. District Judge Jed S. Rakoff of the United States Second Circuit Court of Appeals in Manhattan argued against the death penalty: “In brief, the Court found that the best available evidence indicates that, on the one hand, innocent people are sentenced to death with materially greater frequency than was previously...
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...The death penalty is something that many people do not have a clear decision on. Many people support the death penalty, while others wish for the death penalty to be abolished, and there are some that support the death penalty, but only in certain cases. My personal opinion on the death penalty is it should be administered only in cases of particularly cruel crimes, or serial crimes such as serial murder. Groups that support the death penalty often say that is a deterrent for future criminals who are thinking of committing murders or other heinous crimes. I disagree with this statement because criminals do not think of the consequences of their actions when they are committing a crime, nor do they care. Amnesty International, which opposes the death penalty, reports that scientific studies have not produced any conclusive evidence showing that capital punishment is a deterrent for future crimes to be committed. I believe the only deterrent for a murderer to not commit a crime again would be execution. Various people who are opposed to the death penalty say that capital punishment condemns the innocent to die. According Amendment V in the United States Bill of Rights, “No person shall be held to answer for a capital crime, or otherwise infamous crime unless on a presentment of an indictment of a grand jury” (except in military cases). While it is true that a few innocent people have “slipped through the cracks” of the justice system and been convicted and executed unfairly...
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...No Justification for Death Penalty Death penalty or the capital punishment is a severe punishment given by the government to a criminal for offending crimes that are categorized under the capital crimes like murder. When the criminals are convicted of capital crimes and are sentenced for death penalty, the government legally takes life of the criminal by hanging them to death, lethal injection or by electrocute. Death penalty used to be performed all over the world, but many countries have outlawed it with regards to its violation of human rights and religious causes. In United States, most of the states have the authority to give death penalty to criminals. Death penalty is a very serious issue that has caused a big controversy between its supporters and opposers. People who support death penalty argues that it is the right kind of punishment for the criminals, provides justice to the victims and the families as well help deter the crime rates. But I really don’t think death penalty has any justification because there is a maximum chance for innocent people being convicted, it is also a violation of human rights as well as a religious sin to take life of people, and the crimes have not lowered due to death penalty, rather it takes a lot of tax payer’s money to execute a criminal. I rather think that such criminals should be given life imprisonment without parole. The foremost reason for abolishing the death penalty is the wrongful conviction. There are lots of cases where...
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