...causes audits to be considered to have little value (Johnstone, Sutton, & Warfield, 2001). This is further supported by Elliott and Jacobson (1998) that a particular interest may trigger a risk that could weaken the outcome of the audit which in turn impairs the auditor independence. Hence, independence is fundamental to the purpose served by auditors (Moore et al., 2002). This study is limited to only four variables as to keep the task manageable. Prior years, various studies are being carried out by scholars in examining the effect and significance of the concerns. For instance, Abu Bakar, Abdul Rahman, and Abdul Rashid (2005) studied the factors that influence auditor independence in Malaysian-owned commercial banks loan officer’s perceptions. Furthermore, Abu Bakar and Ahmad (2009)...
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...tilt illusions. The purposes relating aftereffect level to adapting contrast and adaptation time were comparable under the two testing conditions, with inter-ocular transfer remaining fairly constant. Complete inter-ocular transfer indicates physiological processes which causes perceptual fluctuations is not located in the retina but in central pathways common in the two eyes. The experiment shows motion after effect contains components or both peripheral and central. In typical observers these normally reveal inter-ocular transfer (IOT), being witnessed when the adapting and test inducements are revealed to alternating eyes. Introduction Physical stimulation and perception do not often correspond. A motion after effect (MAE) can occur after a prolonged viewing of an unchanging pattern which demonstrates effects such as waterfall illusions and is known as pattern adaptation. A fascinating issue about the optic flow MAE is whether motivation in the periphery as opposed to in the central visual field is necessary to induce the effect. Contrast sensitivity is reduced and perceived...
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...1666 K Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20006 Telephone: (202) 207-9100 Facsimile: (202) 862-8430 www.pcaobus.org ) CONCEPT RELEASE ON AUDITOR ) INDEPENDENCE AND AUDIT FIRM ) ROTATION; ) ) NOTICE OF ROUNDTABLE ) ) PCAOB Release No. 2011-006 August 16, 2011 PCAOB Rulemaking Docket Matter No. 37 Summary: The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board ("PCAOB" or "Board") is issuing a concept release to solicit public comment on ways that auditor independence, objectivity and professional skepticism could be enhanced. One possible approach on which the Board is seeking comment is mandatory audit firm rotation, which is explored in detail in this release. However, the Board seeks advice and comment on other approaches as well. The Board will also convene a public roundtable meeting in March 2012, at which interested persons will present their views. Additional details about the roundtable will be announced at a later date. Public Comment: Interested persons may submit written comments to the Board. Such comments should be sent to the Office of the Secretary, PCAOB, 1666 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006-2803. Comments also may be submitted by e-mail to comments@pcaobus.org or through the Board's Web site at www.pcaobus.org. All comments should refer to PCAOB Rulemaking Docket Matter No. 37 in the subject or reference line. Comments should be received by the Board no later than 5:00 PM EST on December 14, 2011. Board Contacts: Martin F. Baumann, Chief Auditor...
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...International Journal of Business and Management December, 2009 Auditor Independence: Malaysian Accountants’ Perceptions Nur Barizah Abu Bakar (Corresponding author) Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences International Islamic University Malaysia PO Box, 10, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel: 60-19-288-4540 E-mail: nur.barizah@gmail.com Maslina Ahmad Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences International Islamic University Malaysia PO Box, 10, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: maslina@iiu.edu.my Abstract Independence is the primary justification of the existence, and thus the hallmark of the auditing profession. It is recognized as the primary attribute to be maintained by auditors in all circumstances. This study attempts to explore the determinants of auditor independence as perceived by Malaysian accountants using a self-administered mail survey. It was evidenced from the survey that size of audit fees is the most important factor, followed by competition, size of audit firm, tenure, provision of management advisory service and finally audit committee. More specifically, the study indicates that (1) larger size of audit fees, (2) audit firms operating in a higher level of competitive environments, (3) smaller audit firms, (4) audit firms serving a given client over a longer duration, (5) audit firms providing MAS, and, (6) the non-existence of an audit committee, are perceived as having a higher risk of...
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...Mastering Finance Business Partnering The missing pillar in building Finance leadership February 2011 kpmg.co.uk ii | Section or Brochure name Contents Introduction The Role of Finance Business Partners Preparing Finance for Business Partnering Aligning Finance Business Partners with the Business Building an Effective Finance Business Partner Team Developing Effective Finance Business Partners Summary 1 2 3 4 6 8 10 © 2011 KPMG LLP a UK limited liability partnership, is a subsidiary of KPMG Europe LLP and a member firm of the KPMG , network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative, a Swiss entity. Foreword from CIMA Even for finance functions that have already transformed their efficiency and the quality of management information they provide, delivering business partnering effectively can be a challenge. Senior business partnering roles - as described in this report - are hard to fill. As a result, there is a real demand for management accountants who, in addition to the core finance and accounting skills, can offer commercial insight and strategic thinking combined with influencing and, ideally, leadership skills. At CIMA, we like to describe a management accountant in a business partnering role as the navigator at the side of the CEO, the captain of the enterprise. These navigators support business leaders with information and analysis about the organisation’s position and course. They contribute to strategic decision making...
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...Cornell University ILR School DigitalCommons@ILR CAHRS Working Paper Series Center for Advanced Human Resource Studies (CAHRS) 5-1-2003 Extending the Human Resource Architecture: Relational Archetypes and Value Creation Sung-Choon Kang Cornell University Shad S. Morris Cornell University Scott A. Snell Cornell University, ss356@cornell.edu Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cahrswp Part of the Human Resources Management Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Advanced Human Resource Studies (CAHRS) at DigitalCommons@ILR. It has been accepted for inclusion in CAHRS Working Paper Series by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@ILR. For more information, please contact hlmdigital@cornell.edu. Extending the Human Resource Architecture: Relational Archetypes and Value Creation Abstract Theories of knowledge-based competition focus on internal resources as the source of value creation. The HR architecture (Lepak & Snell, 1999) brought human resource management directly into this forum by developing a model of human capital allocation and management. We attempt to extend the HR architecture by introducing a framework of relational archetypes—entrepreneurial and cooperative—that are derived from unique combinations of three dimensions (cognitive, structural, and affective) that characterize internal and external relationships of core knowledge employees. Entrepreneurial...
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...FMR 27 messages by promoting awareness of SGBV and the availability of PEP among its own national staff, patients and other local organisations. Where rape victims seek care outside conventional health structures, with midwives or traditional birth attendants (TBAs), MSF is starting to liaise more closely with them. TBAs can tell victims about the availability of PEP and refer SGBV cases to MSF health structures. In Sudan, MSF is considering employing qualified TBAs as community health workers, both to better reach out to rape victims and to encourage TBAs to liaise with MSF facilities without fear of losing income from their own patients. comprehensive approach – providing medical care within a framework including IEC, psychosocial support, legal assistance and liaison with other women’s organisations who can provide continued material and social support. In contexts without acute problems of violence, MSF employs a horizontal approach. SGBV is part of all our healthcare programmes globally – over 35 projects worldwide. The challenge for horizontal programmes is that SGBV becomes just one issue of many faced by medical staff in their hectic day’s work. The impact of stigmatisation makes it all the more difficult for SGBV to be handled in a general medical structure. One way that MSF counters this problem is by establishing ‘safe spaces’ in every health structure, where women can speak about their health questions and about SGBV with the assurance of full privacy and confidentiality...
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...Course Schedule Course Modules Review and Practice Exam Preparation Resources Module 1: Conceptual issues in assurance Overview This module builds on the fundamental concepts of auditing and other assurance services introduced in your prerequisite auditing course. It begins with an overview of the key drivers in the demand for audits, and then surveys current challenges and issues such as the audit and regulatory environment and the expectation gap. You will also study issues related to the economics of auditing and their impact on auditor motivation and standard-setting; in the process, you will consider different perspectives on protecting the public interest and the public accountant’s role in helping to advance the profession. The various topics integrate information sources related to research in the field and readings from the Ethics Readings Handbook (ERH) , drawing on concepts from your prerequisite accounting theory course. In AU2 , you will study a wide variety of technical, practical, and theoretical material. This module lays the foundation for exploring some of the more difficult areas of professional judgment you will encounter as you progress through the course. When faced with issues that challenge your professional judgment, you are encouraged to think back to the concepts studied in this module to help frame your decision making. Please be sure that you have purchased the CPA Canada Handbook, CGA Student Edition mentioned in the course introduction...
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...2006 National Institute of Standards and Technology Technology Administration • Department of Commerce Baldrige National Quality Program Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center Case Study 2006 National Institute of Standards and Technology Technology Administration • Department of Commerce Baldrige National Quality Program Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center Case Study The Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center Case Study was prepared for use in the 2006 Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Examiner Preparation Course. The Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center Case Study describes a fictitious nonprofit organization in the health care sector. There is no connection between the fictitious Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center and any other organization, either named Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center or otherwise. Other organizations cited in the case study also are fictitious, except for several national and government organizations. Because the case study is developed to train Baldrige Examiners and others and to provide an example of the possible content of a Baldrige application, there are areas in the case study where Criteria requirements are not addressed. CONTENTS 2006 Eligibility Certification Form ………………………………………………………………… Organization Chart ………………………………………………………………………………… 2006 Application Form …………………………………………………………………………… Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations ……………………………………………………………… Preface: Organizational Profile P.1 P.2 Organizational Description...
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...discipline on audit quality in a context where shareholders and other third parties rely on information from an audit which is paid for by the company being audited. We are not aware of evidence suggesting that the courts in the UK have made, or are liable to make, excessive damages awards against auditors. Professional indemnity insurance is available, and LLP status – the chosen corporate form of many audit businesses – exists to protect partners' personal assets. The competition arguments 1.3 It has been argued that a cap on auditors' liability would however be procompetitive because it would lead to: • • • 1.4 a reduction in the barriers to entry and growth facing smaller audit firms the maintenance of competition between larger audit firms, including for non-audit work, and less risk of collapse of one of the Big Four. On the basis of the evidence available to us, however, none of these arguments appears compelling. First, the current liability position is a minor barrier to entry in comparison to reputation, third party perceptions, economies of scale, global networks, regulation, and various other impediments to the entry and growth of smaller audit firms. The liability position is symmetric as between all audit firms, so the introduction of a cap would not 1.5 Office of Fair Trading 1 appreciably alter the relative...
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...\ Shankar Ganesan Determinants of Ijong-Term Orientation in Buyer-Seller Relationships Marketing managers must know the time orientation of a customer to select and use marketing tools that correspond to the time horizons of the customer. Insufficient understanding of a customer's time orientation can lead to problems, such as attempting a relationship marketing when transaction marketing is more appropriate. The author suggests that long-term orientation in a buyer/seller relationship is a function of two main factors: mutual dependence and the extent to which they trust one another. Dependence and trust are related to environmental uncertainty, transaction-specific investments, reputation, and satisfaction in a buyer/seller relationship. The framework presented here is tested with 124 retail buyers and 52 vendors supplying to those retailers. The results indicate that trust and dependence play key roles in determining the long-term orientation of both retail buyers and their vendors. The results also indicate that both similarities and differences exist across retailers and vendors with respect to the effects of several variables on long-term orientation, dependence, and trust. ith increasing frequency, manufacturers and suppliers are reporting a change in the nature of buyer-seller relationships. It is not unusual to read that companies such as General Motors, Xerox, Black & Decker, Neiman-Marcus, and others are looking to their suppliers to help them achieve a stronger...
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...Course Schedule Course Modules Review and Practice Exam Preparation Module 1: Conceptual issues in assurance Overview This module builds on the fundamental concepts of auditing and other assurance services introduced in your prerequisite auditing course. It begins with an overview of the key drivers in the demand for audits, and then surveys current challenges and issues such as the audit and regulatory environment and the expectation gap. You will also study issues related to the economics of auditing and their impact on auditor motivation and standard-setting; in the process, you will consider different perspectives on protecting the public interest and the public accountant’s role in helping to advance the profession. The various topics integrate information sources related to research in the field and readings from the Ethics Readings Handbook (ERH) , drawing on concepts from your prerequisite accounting theory course. In AU2 , you will study a wide variety of technical, practical, and theoretical material. This module lays the foundation for exploring some of the more difficult areas of professional judgment you will encounter as you progress through the course. When faced with issues that challenge your professional judgment, you are encouraged to think back to the concepts studied in this module to help frame your decision making. Please be sure that you have purchased the CPA Canada Handbook, CGA Student Edition mentioned in the course introduction, as it is required...
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...ACCT 5100 Professional Development Challenges Faced by Accounting Profession ACCT 5100 Professional Development Challenges Faced by Accounting Profession Introduction Accounting has evolved, like many other professions, over time and is playing an increasingly significant role in today’s business environment. The key accounting practices are still identify, measure and communicate the economic condition of an entity with both inside and outside stakeholders. Accounting professionals have widened their attention beyond technical skills to incorporate social implications over the past several decades. Over the past few years, the whole world witnessed the impact of modern advances in information technology, globalization, and many other factors, all of which increased the public awareness of changes in global business environment and also brought many challenges to this profession. In response to these difficulties, modern accountants must develop a broader range of knowledge and skills to better perform their financial responsibilities. This paper examines several key challenges concerning the profession: 1) independence, 2) globalization and IFRS, 3) knowledge and skills gap. Challenges faced by accounting profession Independence and objectivity Independence is not a new issue faced by accountants; however, it has been and always will be one of the biggest challenges faced by this profession. Accounting to the research...
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...ACCT 5100 Professional Development Challenges Faced by Accounting Profession ACCT 5100 Professional Development Challenges Faced by Accounting Profession Introduction Accounting has evolved, like many other professions, over time and is playing an increasingly significant role in today’s business environment. The key accounting practices are still identify, measure and communicate the economic condition of an entity with both inside and outside stakeholders. Accounting professionals have widened their attention beyond technical skills to incorporate social implications over the past several decades. Over the past few years, the whole world witnessed the impact of modern advances in information technology, globalization, and many other factors, all of which increased the public awareness of changes in global business environment and also brought many challenges to this profession. In response to these difficulties, modern accountants must develop a broader range of knowledge and skills to better perform their financial responsibilities. This paper examines several key challenges concerning the profession: 1) independence, 2) globalization and IFRS, 3) knowledge and skills gap. Challenges faced by accounting profession Independence and objectivity Independence is not a new issue faced by accountants; however, it has been and always will be one of the biggest challenges faced by this profession. Accounting to the research...
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...Auditor Independence and Non-Audit Services: A Literature Review Vivien Beattie University of Stirling and Stella Fearnley University of Portsmouth TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of tables and list of figures About the authors v vi List of abbreviations vii Executive summary ix Part 1 Auditor independence 1 Introduction 1 1.1 1 1.2 The ‘problem’ of non-audit services (NAS) 1 1.3 The current UK regulatory and professional environment 2 1.4 Motivation for this study 3 1.5 2 The role of audit in regulating capital markets Structure of report 3 Auditor independence 4 2.1 Introduction 4 2.2 Definitions of auditor independence 4 2.3 Economic models of auditor independence not including NAS 5 2.4 Models of auditor pricing and independence in the presence of NAS 5 2.5 2.6 Economic power models of auditor independence Moral psychology, ethical reasoning and independence 8 8 2.7 Broader based studies into auditor decision making 9 2.8 Summary and comments 11 Part 2 Current regulatory frameworks 3 Auditor independence and NAS: analysis of current regulatory frameworks 3.1 Introduction 13 13 3.2 Regulation of auditor independence 13 3.3 Independence in professional and legal regulatory frameworks 13 3.4 3.5 Independence and NAS Overall economic dependence 19 22 3.6 Small companies 22 ...
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