...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Supply chain encompasses several business entities including suppliers, manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, retailers and customers concerned with ensuring the flow of raw materials, component parts or finished goods from the source to the final destination, organizations can no longer detached from these business entities (Adebayo, 2012). As stated by (Gunasekaran et al., 2003), companies cannot run away from being part of SCM in either operational or strategic level of implementation. In the traditional way, companies just buy the raw material, process it to become final product and distribute it to the customers. At the strategic level of implementation, the focus is more toward fulfilling customer’s requirement and satisfaction. Supply chain management can help a company achieve the true return on investment of customer relationship management (CRM) systems, making it easier to see how well-managed and efficient supply chain operations have a significant bearing on the organization’s overall financial performance. One important benefit is that supply chain management reduces the time required for a new product or service to progress from the initial concept to its final delivery to the market. Indeed, a key objective of supply chain management is to bring new ideas to market faster, whether they are innovations from in-house or ideas gleaned from elsewhere that an enterprise needs to transform into deliverable...
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...Executive summary In this empirical report, we have analyze the characteristics of several important economics indicators and how they can be use by economist to look out for period of inflation, sharp changes in GDP growth due to GST and oil shock and how to make use of this indicators to do a projection on the economy performance. We also come to understand how different types of economic indicators are used and how they correspond to the movement economy activities. Understanding the characteristic of these economic indicators, allows us to identify the cyclical nature of each individual indicator with economic growth and, thus, help us in choosing a set of economic indicators for forecasting the economic performance. To conclude, we state that by doing an economic indicator analysis through leading, coincident and lagging indexes, we can understand how well the economy performance as a whole. It also tells us the relationship between economy performance and the policy-making of a country. Introduction The measurement and analysis of business cycles has been one of the important research topics in economics and underlying theories of these economics arguments have changed as times goes by. In this empirical report, attention will be focus into the central questions on the causes of fluctuation in the economic activity by constructing a business cycle analysis and composite coincident index, a combination of several time series that one would expect to contain information...
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...Arab Emirates. According to a stamen from the fund. "The economic recovery looks set to continue. With limited potential for further increases in oil production in the near term, overall GDP growth is expected to moderate to 2.3 percent," The UAE oil robust prices, and the well flow trade had a great impact in helping the country recover from the 2009-2010 debt crisis. Which bare dissipations in its property sector and led to a $25 billion debt. However, a warning of IMF stated that uncertain global renewed worsening of the global situation could lead government-linked companies to bankrupt. Extensive development had been made in the debt reform of state-linked entities; however, many entities still continued reliance on foreign funding. Thus, UAE authorities' plans to gradually consolidate fiscal policy. (Reuters, 2012) Which stage in the business cycle do you think the economy is in? Currently the economy is in the Recovery Stage the business cycle is the point at which the economy starts working its way up to better financial footing. The year 2012 will be remembered in the UAE’s history, among others, for economic recovery from the biggest financial crisis in its history starting from 2008. To summarize Dubai went through the classic Phase of expansion in this cycle in the years 2005-2007 the economy of Dubai during this period moved from a normal status to a peak status. It was the period when the business in Dubai is outpourings, and grow national product expands...
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... Graduate School of Business and Management GB540-03 Economics for Global Decision Makers – Unit5 Assignment Dr. Barbara-Leigh Tonelli. By Ajeeth Pingle 4/05/2011 Wal-Mart Economic Indicators Wal-Mart has become the world's number one retailer. Diversification into grocery (Wal-Mart Supercenters and Neighborhood Markets), international operations and membership warehouse clubs (SAM'S Clubs), has created greater opportunities for growth. But unlike some corporations, whose financial growth does not translate into more jobs, Wal-Mart's phenomenal growth has been an engine for making jobs. Wal-Mart has a history of having become a strong investment for Shareholders. The Company made its initial public offering in October of 1970, when selling 200,000 shares for $16.50 per share. If an investor had purchased 100 shares in the initial offering, those shares would have been worth more than $13 million as of January 31, 2011 and the number of shares owned by that investor would have grown to 204,800 thanks to 11 stock splits. From the beginning, Wal-Mart has created tremendous Shareholder value. The Company raised $3.3 million in its initial public-equity offering. As of April 2, 2010, the Company had grown to a market capitalization of nearly $211 billion. According to About.com (2010), economic indicators are economic statistics that indicate how...
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...organizations in the 21st century is to build and preserve a sustainable combination/blend of economic, social, and environmental conditions in a progressive global and commercial society. However, it is a challenge that is not being met at present. Currently it is failing to meet even the basic needs of the society, or to protect its natural resources and the ecosystems that produce them, even as it creates unprecedented wealth and amenities for a few. The reasons for these failures lie in both economic and political institutions. Sustainable Enterprises pioneers established concepts and tools for implementing eco-efficiency measures and also show how to use them immediately to reap business worth. Business enterprises in turn must quantify themselves against a “triple bottom line” which includes social value, environmental and economic profit. ArcelorMittal is one such company that has implemented eco-efficiency measures and realized the business benefits. Monitoring Systems Monitoring is a systematic and on-going activity which involves collecting, recording and reporting information. Monitoring systems for any organisation should be developed for three dimensions based on the triple bottom line. Monitoring Systems for Planet Monitoring systems and eco-tracking help to answer some fundamental questions: What are the company‟s big environmental impacts? When and where do those impacts arise? During manufacturing, shipping and distribution? Or upstream in the supply chain?...
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...the macro-environment helps a company to maximize its position amongst the influences of the global economy. Economic, political, legal, technological, socio-cultural, international demand, supply impacts, and demographic trends are all factors that influence the macro-environment. The macro-environment is always changing, so the success of the business rides on their ability to adapt to these changes and forecast the macro economy better than their competitors (Bodie). Being proactive and making a sound macro-environmental analysis can be a means of gaining a competitive advantage, or at least not being concerned by a competitive disadvantage. In completing a top-down analysis we start with the global economy (Bodie). Technological factors play in to the macro-environment by means of new inventions and development, materials development, innovative manufacturing, distribution and logistics. This also includes changes in the way that information is sent and received. This can be closely related to the environmental impacts that happen within an economy, such as depleting natural resources (Sieminski). The variations of different countries economic performance and within their regions are considerable (Bodie). What happens in other countries’ economies will influence the U.S. economy and its markets in either a negative or positive way depending on the economic circumstance. What is originally forecasted for the macroeconomic expectations through various analyses may...
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...Chapter 12 Macroeconomic and Industry Analysis 1. A top-down approach to security valuation begins with an analysis of the global and domestic economy. Analysts who follow a top-down approach then narrow their attention to an industry or sector likely to perform well, given the expected performance of the broader economy. Finally, the analysis focuses on specific companies within an industry or sector that has been identified as likely to perform well. A bottom-up approach typically emphasizes fundamental analysis of individual company stocks, and is largely based on the belief that undervalued stocks will perform well regardless of the prospects for the industry or the broader economy. The major advantage of the top-down approach is that it provides a structured approach to incorporating the impact of economic and financial variables, at every level, in to analysis of a company’s stock. One would expect, for example, that prospects for a particular industry are highly dependent on broader economic variables. Similarly, the performance of an individual company’s stock is likely to be greatly affected by the prospects for the industry in which the company operates. 2. The yield curve, by definition, incorporates future interest rates. As such, it reflects future expectations and is a leading indicator. 3. Stalwarts. They tend to be in noncyclical industries that are relatively unaffected by recessions. 4. A supply shock 5. Financial leverage...
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...Macroeconomic aspects for defensive stock investing In the past decade, the stock market has had many ups and downs and private investors perceive stock investing more and more speculative and unpredictable. Part of this perception roots from the general trend towards computerized high frequency trading, which in 2010 accounted for up to 70 % of all trades made in the market. High frequency trading is done by mega computers which are programmed to take advantage of the slightest changes in the stock price by buying and selling within fractions of a second. Those programs pay no regard to the actual social and economic value of the company. Trends like that and criminal like actions by almost all major banks around the world (including inside trading, misinformation of customers, ruthless risk taking, etc. which lead to the worldwide economy crisis in 2008) leave private investors with the feeling that they get betrayed and can’t keep up with the rapid stock market. They might think that stocks are not a good investment tool for private investors anymore. However, statistics show that stocks measured over any ten-year time period for the last 75 years, have yielded a higher return than conservative investments in bonds or bank certificates of deposit (Kelly, 2007). For the mentioned and several other reasons, one still should consider using stocks as an investing tool. Consequently, if you can’t win the very short term, high frequency trading game, you might want to play a different...
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...Chapter 12 - Macroeconomic and Industry Analysis CHAPTER TWELVE MACROECONOMIC AND INDUSTRY ANALYSIS CHAPTER OVERVIEW This is the one of three chapters that covers fundamental security valuation. This chapter introduces a topdown approach to fundamental security analysis. It covers the first two components: macroeconomic and industry analysis. The textbook begins with a global analysis, particularly with respect to how the performance of domestic firms is influenced by international economic performance. The chapter’s main focus however is on aspects of the U. S. economy that affect security returns, including fiscal and monetary policy. In addition, a brief presentation of the determinants of interest rates is covered. The chapter concludes with a discussion of industry analysis that includes classifications of industries, information sources, the industrial life cycle and a Porter framework that can be used to analyze industry competition. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Upon reading this chapter, you should have a basic understanding of some of the macroeconomic factors that affect security prices. That is, how fiscal and monetary policy affect interest rates and security prices. And some industry groups are more affected by macroeconomic factors than others and the characteristics of an industry that affect its competitiveness. CHAPTER OUTLINE The top-down approach to fundamental analysis begins with analyzing the economy. Expected economic performance will influence the choice...
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...ECO 372 week 2 Team Assignment Industry Overview Paper ECO 372 Week 3 Discussion Question 1 ECO 372 Week 3 Group Discussion Question ECO 372 week 3 Individual Assignment Fiscal Policy Alternatives Simulation ECO 372 week 3 Team Assignment Economic Indicators Paper ECO 372 Week 4 Discussion Question 1 ECO 372 Week 4 Group Discussion Question ECO 372 week 4 Team Assignment Economic Indicator Forecast Paper ECO 372 week 5 Individual Assignment Applying International Trade Concepts Simulation ECO 372 week 5 Team Assignment Economic Project Paper ECO 372 Final Exam Guide ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ECO 372 Final Exam Guide (UOP Course) For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com 1) The largest source of household income in the U.S. is obtained from 2) The market where business sell goods and services to households and the government is called the 3) Real gross domestic product is best defined as 4) Underemployment includes people A. who work "off-the-books" to avoid tax liabilities B. who are working part time, or not using all their skills at a full-time job 5) The Bureau of Economic Analysis is responsible for which of the following? 6) The Federal Reserve provides which of the following data? 7) Consider if the government instituted a 10 percent income tax surcharge. In terms of the AS/AD model, this change...
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...Business Proposal and Peer Review Feedback Chris Cook ECO/561 March 17, 2014 Willard Berry Business Proposal and Peer Review Feedback Week Four Revision Several areas in the economic analysis for Sony's virtual feedback harness require update. The first area is the method to determine the profit maximizing quantity. Profit is maximized, or loss minimized, at the output at which marginal revenue (or price in pure competition) equals marginal cost, provided that price exceeds average variable cost (McConnell, Brue, & Flynn, 2009, p. 189). To determine these factors, Sony must quantify resource demands as well as optimum product price. When Sony launched the Playstation 4 it cost $381 to manufacture. Sony sold the product at $399, only $18 above the manufacturing cost (Hesseldahl, 2013). Profit on this product was almost at maximum levels before the product launched. However, Sony's strategy considered the profit gained from sales of software and gaming accessories as critical to the products overall success. Sony was willing to sell the game system at a loss because of the expected profits in the ancillary market (Hesseldahl, 2013). The feedback harness would follow the same plan as the game system itself because the true profit comes from sales of new games that support this new technology. Each succeeding game system requires the purchase of new software as new systems will not support previous versions of games. The second area requiring update is the selected...
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...ECONOMICS EXAMINATION GUIDELINES GRADE 12 2014 These guidelines consist of 25 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over Economics 2 Examination Guidelines DBE/2014 INDEX PAGE 3 1. INTRODUCTION 2. ASSESSMENT IN GRADE 12 2.1 Format of the question papers 2.2 Detail of question papers 4 4 4 3. CONTENT 6 4. CONCLUSION Copyright reserved 25 Please turn over Economics 1. 3 Examination Guidelines DBE/2014 INTRODUCTION The Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) for Economics outlines the nature and purpose of the subject Economics. This guides the philosophy underlying the teaching and assessment of the subject in Grade 12. The purpose of these Examination Guidelines is to: • • Provide clarity on the depth and scope of the content to be assessed in the Grade 12 National Senior Certificate (NSC) Examination in Economics. Assist teachers to adequately prepare learners for the examinations. This document deals with the final Grade 12 external examinations. It does not deal in any depth with the School-Based Assessment (SBA). This guideline should be read in conjunction with: • • • The National Curriculum Statement (NCS) Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS): Economics The National Protocol of Assessment: An addendum to the policy document, the National Senior Certificate: A qualification at Level 4 on the National Qualifications Framework (NQF), regarding the National Protocol for Assessment (Grades R–12) The national policy pertaining...
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...analyzing 3 different business/economic cycles – a total of 6 economic aggregates – which will include a recession period and an expansion period. I will choose the current economic cycle as the basis to compare the performance of the economy since December 2007 to that of the other 2 business cycles on the basis of the 6 Economic Variables. As a data consistency analysis measure, I will make use of data from Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) and National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) websites in my research. In simple terms, an economic/business cycle refers to fluctuations in aggregate production, trade and activity over several months or years in a market economy. The economic cycle is the upward and downward movements of levels of gross domestic product (GDP) and refers to the period of expansions and contractions in the level of economic activities (business fluctuations) around its long-term growth trend. These fluctuations occur around a long-term growth trend, and typically involve shifts over time between periods of relatively rapid economic growth (an expansion or boom), and periods of relative stagnation or decline (a contraction or recession). Business cycles are usually measured by considering the growth rate of Real Gross Domestic Product (Real GDP). Despite being termed cycles, these fluctuations in economic activity can prove to be unpredictable. A. F. Burns and W. C. Mitchell, Measuring business cycles, New York, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1946. ...
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...Block IV MACROECONOMICS – II UNIT 17 Inflation 1-14 UNIT 18 Banking and Money Supply 15-31 UNIT 19 International Trade and Balance of Payments 32-50 UNIT 20 Economic Indicators 51-62 UNIT 21 Business Cycles 63-71 UNIT 22 Economic Growth, Development and Planning 72-84 Economics for Managers Expert Committee Dr. J. Mahender Reddy Vice Chancellor IFHE (Deemed to be University) Hyderabad Prof. Y. K. Bhushan Vice Chancellor IU, Meghalaya Prof. Loveraj Takru Director, IBS Dehradun IU, Dehradun Course Preparation Team Prof. Ramalingam Meenakshisundaram IFHE (Deemed to be University) Hyderabad Ms. Pushpanjali Mikkilineni IFHE (Deemed to be University) Hyderabad Mr. Pijus Kanti Bhuin IU, Sikkim Ms. Preetaq Dutta Rai IU, Jharkhand Ranchi Prof. S S George Director, ICMR IFHE (Deemed to be University) Hyderabad Dr. O. P. Gupta Vice Chancellor IU, Nagaland Prof. D. S. Rao Director, IBS, Hyderabad IFHE (Deemed to be University) Hyderabad Ms. Hadiya Faheem IFHE (Deemed to be University) Hyderabad Mr. Mrinmoy Bhattacharjee IU, Mizoram Aizawal Prof. Tarak Nath Shah IU, Dehradun Mr. Manoj Kumar De IU, Tripura Agartala © The ICFAI University Press, All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise – without prior permission in writing from The ICFAI University Press, Hyderabad. Ref. No. Eco Mgrs SLM – 09...
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...Business Cycles: The fluctuations in economic activity that an economy experiences over a period of time. A business cycle is basically defined in terms of periods of expansion or recession. During expansions, the economy is growing in real terms (i.e. excluding inflation), as evidenced by increases in indicators like employment, industrial production, sales and personal incomes. During recessions, the economy is contracting, as measured by decreases in the above indicators. Expansion is measured from the trough (or bottom) of the previous business cycle to the peak of the current cycle, while recession is measured from the peak to the trough. In the United States, the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) determines the official dates for business cycles. 4 step for data processing cycle 1) Collection is the first stage of the cycle, and is very crucial, since the quality of data collected will impact heavily on the output. The collection process needs to ensure that the data gathered are both defined and accurate, so that subsequent decisions based on the findings are valid. This stage provides both the baseline from which to measure, and a target on what to improve. Some types of data collection include census (data collection about everything in a group or statistical population), sample survey (collection method that includes only part of the total population), and administrative by-product (data collection is a byproduct of an organization’s day-to-day operations)...
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