...Introduction to Transactional Analysis 1. Origin Transactional Analysis or TA as it is popularly called owes its origin to a psychotherapist Eric Berne. During his early professional years (the 1940’s and 1950’s). Berne made a departure from the existing orthodox psychiatric practices which consisted of analyzing a patient’s case in a highly esoteric language which the patient could not understand. Beme disapproved of the then-prevalent ‘expert-impersonal object’ relationship between the therapist and the patient. It often tended to raise the therapist to a lofty position and to reduce the patient to the status of an inanimate object incapable of understanding the complex dynamics of the mind. In his treatment of patients, Beme made a conscious effort to develop a simple, high-impact language to explain to his patients their inner processes and to involve them actively in his line of therapy. His efforts led to the emergence of a new, powerful system of analysis of behavior called Transactional Analysis (TA). Beme first put forth his ideas on TA in a book titled Games People Play, which immediately became very popular. Beme and his associates in their subsequent work developed these ideas. Thus, with efforts of Beme and many other behavioral scientists, TA transcended the boundaries of therapy to enter the world of lay people, their lives on-the-job, and off-the-job. II. Ego States The unit of analysis used in TA for understanding human behavior is...
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...Question 1 – Company History, Policies & Reviews 1. What is the core business of Pacific Brands Ltd? |Pacific Brands Ltd is marketing a series of brands, covering Underwear, Hosiery, Work | |wear, Home wares, Footwear, Outerwear and Sport. Its main concern is on how to allocate | |the limited resources efficiently among these brands in order to generate the most profit from | |them. | [2 marks] 1.2 What is the core business of Country Road Ltd? |Country Road is an Australian Fashion Retailer, whose main products cover clothing, | |footwear, accessories, home ware and furniture. Its main concern is on development of the | |brand Country Road and Trenery by increasing its customer base, improving its products, | |providing better shopping environment etc. | [2 marks] 1.3 What did the “Strategic Review” highlight in terms of structural changes for Pacific Brands Limited? (Refer to the Chairman and CEO Review...
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...Summary: Pfizer-Wyeth Merger Deal Overview: On January 25, 2009, Pfizer and Wyeth entered into the merger agreement, pursuant to which, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the merger agreement, Wyeth will become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Pfizer. Upon completion of the merger, each share of Wyeth common stock issued and outstanding will be converted into the right to receive, subject to adjustment under limited circumstances, a combination of $33.00 in cash, without interest, and 0.985 of a share of Pfizer common stock in a taxable transaction. Pfizer will not issue more than 19.9% of its outstanding common stock at the acquisition date in connection with the merger. The exchange ratio of 0.985 of a share of Pfizer common stock will be adjusted if the exchange ratio would result in Pfizer issuing in excess of 19.9% of its outstanding common stock as a result of the merger Deal Terms Breakdown: Transaction Value Transaction Consideration Purchase price per WYE share $50.19 Existing Cash Used $22,213 32.7% Cash per WYE share $33.00 New Debt $22,500 33.1% PFE stock value per WYE share $17.19 Total Cash $44,713 65.8% PFE shares per WYE share 0.985 Stock Consideration $23,289 34.2% Premium to 1/23/09 WYE price 29.3% Total Consideration $67,303 100.0% Total WYE shares (MM,diluted) 1,341 Total Equity Value ...
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...Chapter 2. Transaction analysis – quantitative; analyze results. Stacy-Ann Kelly owns and operates Kelly’s Furniture Emporium, Inc. The balance sheet totals for assets, liabilities, and stockholders’ equity at August 1, 2013, are as indicated. Described here are several transaction entered into by the company throughout the month of August. Required: a. Indicate the amount and effect (+ or -) of each transaction on total assets, total liabilities, and total stockholder’s equity, and then compute the new totals for each category. The first transaction is provided. b. What was the total amount of net income (or loss) during August? How much were total revenues and total expenses during August. Net income for the month of August can be computed as follows: Total revenues were $50,000 (from sales) and total expenses were $40,200. c. What were the net changes during the month of August in total assets, total liabilities, and stockholder’s equity? d. Explain to Stacy-Ann Kelly which transactions caused the net change in her stockholder’s equity during August. Stacy-Ann Kelly’s stockholder’s equity was increased by revenue’s and it was decreased by expenses and dividends as outlined below: Equity increased by $17,000 as a result of the sale on August 14th. Her stockholder’s equity decreased by $7,000 for the operating expenses recorded on August 10th, by $200 for the interest expense recorded on August 24th, and by $5,000 for the cash dividend recorded on August...
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...companies (“Public Comps”) – this analysis indicates how the stock markets are valuing companies that are similar to the target ➢ Precedent Comparable Transaction analysis (“Transaction Comps”) – this analysis indicates the valuations at which prior M&A transactions have been done in the same industry as that of the target. ➢ DCF analysis – is one of the most important valuation techniques ➢ Sum-of-the-parts analysis – If a target has more than one lines of business, the financial advisor will value each business separately. Therefore, each “part” might have its own Public Comps, Transaction comps and DCF (with different WACCs for each part). The total value is the sum of the parts ➢ Other –depending on the unique characteristics of the transaction, financial advisors will perform a number of other analyses to arrive at fair value like Leveraged Buyout (“LBO”) Analysis, Historical Exchange Ration analyses etc. Valuation M&A involves using more than one valuation technique to arrive at a valuation that we think is fair. The most common techniques used are: ➢ Comparable Publicly traded companies (“Public Comps”) – this analysis indicates how the stock markets are valuing companies that are similar to the target ➢ Precedent Comparable Transaction analysis (“Transaction Comps”) – this analysis indicates the valuations at which prior M&A transactions have been done in the same industry as that of the target. ➢ DCF analysis – is one of the most important...
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...Lecture Notes Week 2 Accounting for Transactions – Fundamentals Part 1 Required Readings: HEM: Chapter 3 Pages 68-81 All required readings must be completed before attending class 14 THE ACCOUNTING EQUATION ASSETS = LIABILITIES + EQUITY This equation must ALWAYS balance. Effects of transactions on the Accounting Equation Transactions are business events which are given accounting recognition, and are inputs to the accounting system. Transactions usually involve a flow of resources. Examples: Every transaction will result in changes to an entity’s assets, liabilities or equity, and After each transaction is recorded, Transaction Analysis First step in the recording process Involves analysing the effects of transactions on the accounting equation: *Identify the items affected: *Determine effect: Note that Revenues and Expenses are treated as a subset of Equity: Revenues Expenses 15 Lecture Problem 1: Murphy’s Law Firm began operations on 1 January. The following transactions occurred during the month of January: Jan 1. The owner contributed cash of $15,000 to start the business Jan 2. Paid $1,200 for rent for January Jan 3. A computer was purchased for $2,200 cash Jan 5. Office furniture was purchased on credit for $4,000 Jan 10. Cash of $500 was received for services performed Jan 22. Billed customers for services provided, $2,500 Jan 24. Paid for the office furniture purchased on Jan 5. Jan 30. Received cash of $2,500 from customers on account...
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...Introduction Transfer pricing has long been an important cost management topic for transactions among domestic subsidiaries. The concern is to promote actions and behaviors that seek to maximize the corporate performance and profitability rather than the subsidiary performance. Unlike transfer pricing between two divisions of the same company, this transactions between subsidiaries cross international boundaries, involve tax issues concerning the determination, analysis and adjustment of prices between this related entities. I. Transfer price 1. Transfer price definition The transfer prices are the prices at which an enterprise transfers physical goods and intangible property or provides services to associate enterprises. They are the prices charged for any transaction between affiliates entities. This transfer may be commercial, financial or technical. According to the OECD, two companies are associated if one of the enterprises participates directly or indirectly in the governance, management, control or the capital of the other or if the same persons participate directly or indirectly to the management, control or the capital of both enterprises. They can be defined simply as transactions prices between companies of the same group and resident in different states. This type of transactions involves intra-group transactions crossing borders. Example: Within a MNE group, a subsidiary A established in France sells computers to another subsidiary B established...
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...Chen A centrality analysis of the transaction relationships in Panasonic Received: April 16, 2010 / Accepted: April 30, 2010 Abstract Panasonic initiated a reform strategy called “Value Creation 21” in 2001. This strategy had a strong impact on its transaction relationships. This research covers one of the important issues in analyzing how the transaction network in Panasonic has changed during the period of “Value Creation 21.” In order to make Panasonic’s transaction relationships visible and countable, we have introduced graph theory and a measure centrality index from the viewpoints of degree, closeness, and betweenness by using data collected in 2002 and 2005. Our findings are reported here. First, the number of firms in Panasonic’s transaction network in 2005 was smaller than in 2002. Second, not only the degree, but also the closeness and betweenness, of the main firms in the Panasonic Group and their suppliers decreased a little more in 2005. Third, the number of in-degree firms declined, whereas the relative importance of Panasonic in the transaction network was more significant. Fourth, Panasonic’s affiliated firms in components & devices and the digital AVC network domain ranked higher than other firms in the transaction network. Last, its out-degree suppliers dropped more in 2005 than in 2002. With these findings, we finally concluded how Panasonic arranged its transaction relationships during the turnaround. Key words Centrality analysis · Transaction relationship · Panasonic...
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...................................................................................................... 2 3.1 Background ............................................................................................................................................... 2 3.2 Overall Description ................................................................................................................................... 2 4 Investigation & Analysis Methodology........................................................................................................................ 2 4.1 System Investigation ................................................................................................................................. 2 4.2 Analysis Methodology .............................................................................................................................. 3 4.2.1 Feasibility study and requirements elicitation ........................................................................................... 3 4.2.2 System analysis and requirements specification........................................................................................ 3 4.2.3 Object-oriented design using UML ........................................................................................................... 3 4.2.4...
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...................................................................................................... 2 3.1 Background ............................................................................................................................................... 2 3.2 Overall Description ................................................................................................................................... 2 4 Investigation & Analysis Methodology........................................................................................................................ 2 4.1 System Investigation ................................................................................................................................. 2 4.2 Analysis Methodology .............................................................................................................................. 3 4.2.1 Feasibility study and requirements elicitation ........................................................................................... 3 4.2.2 System analysis and requirements specification........................................................................................ 3 4.2.3 Object-oriented design using UML ........................................................................................................... 3 4.2.4...
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...................................................................................................... 2 3.1 Background ............................................................................................................................................... 2 3.2 Overall Description ................................................................................................................................... 2 4 Investigation & Analysis Methodology........................................................................................................................ 2 4.1 System Investigation ................................................................................................................................. 2 4.2 Analysis Methodology .............................................................................................................................. 3 4.2.1 Feasibility study and requirements elicitation ........................................................................................... 3 4.2.2 System analysis and requirements specification........................................................................................ 3 4.2.3 Object-oriented design using UML ........................................................................................................... 3 4.2.4...
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...trade on some pair currencies such as USD/GBP, EUR/AUD, JPY/USD, AUD/USD and USD/EUR In our position of trading currency in Easy forex, we have to use financial instruments to analysis and identify which currency that we will get the profit. Furthermore it will have management tools to help us to manage the risk such as stop loss, take profit and limit order which we can set the limit of lost and profit that we can accept. We 30 completed transactions and the total balance in our account is AUD 46,097.96 Overall Strategy In general, the overall strategy is the news that will be announced every day. In our opinion the economic news from many the foreign exchange rate websites are the main drivers of market developments such as interest rate, Consumer Price Index, unemployment rate and inflation etc.Those factors will be the big impact to the foreign exchange market in the world economy. The technical analysis is another strategy that we usually use to predict the trend of currency from the historical statistic information in trading process. They are including the chart and technical indicators which can help the investors to identify the future trend of those currencies. It is easy to indentify because it focus on the price movement of their currency. (Investopedia 2012) The fundamental analysis is the strategy that we can evaluate the foreign exchange rate of each currency in the future trend from the overall the economic, industry data, financial data and management....
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...methods will have to be considered if material product differences cannot be adjusted to give a reliable measure of an arm’s length price. * The CUP method is the most direct way of ascertaining an arm’s length price. It involves the direct price comparison for the transaction of a similar product between independent parties. * Comparability Analysis * An uncontrolled transaction is comparable to a controlled transaction for purposes of the CUP method if one of the following conditions is met: * None of the differences (if any) between the transactions being compared or between the enterprises undertaking those transactions could materially affect the price in the open market; or * Reasonably accurate adjustments can be made to eliminate the material effects of such differences. * An MNE using the CUP method to determine its transfer price must first identify all the differences between its product and that of the independent manufacturer. The MNE must then determine whether these differences have a material effect on the price, and adjust the price of products sold by the independent manufacturer to reflect these differences, to arrive at an arm’s length price. A comparability analysis under the CUP method should consider amongst others the following: * Product characteristics such as physical features and quality. * If the product is in the form of services, the nature and extent of such services provided. * Whether the goods sold are...
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...communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230-425) ¨ Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) ¨ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) ¨ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) Item 5.02. Departure of Directors or Principal Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Principal Officers. (e) As disclosed in the definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) by Kraft Foods Group, Inc. (“Kraft”) on June 2, 2015 (the “Definitive Proxy Statement”) relating to the transactions contemplated by the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of March 24, 2015 (the “Merger Agreement”), among H.J. Heinz Holding Corporation, a...
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...system Dual effect of transaction Each transaction MUST affect 2 or more accounts to keep the basic accounting equation balance DEBIT = CREDIT for each transaction Chapter 2-3 Summary of Debit/Credit Rules Debits > Credits → Debit balance Credits > Debits → Credit balance Normal balance: the side to record increases Chapter 2-4 Steps in the Recording Process 1) Analysis of transaction → Analyze business documents which provide evidence of transactions (e.g. sales invoice, check, bill or cash register tape) 2) Journalizing 3) Posting Chapter 2-5 The Journal Also refer to “General Journal” Book of original entry Contributions: Record transactions in chronological order 1. Show complete effects of a transaction 2. Provide chronological record of transactions Chapter 2-6 Step 2 Journalizing: entering transactions in a journal 3. Help preventing or locating errors because debit and credit amounts can be easily compared Journalizing Oct. 1 Lynn Robbins begins business as a real estate agent with a cash investment of ¥200,000 in exchange for ordinary shares 2 Hires an administrative assistant. 3 Purchases office furniture for ¥19,000 on account. E2-4 Presented below is information related to Beijing Real Estate Agency. 6 Sells a house and lot for N. Fennig; bills N. Fennig ¥32,000 for realty services provided. 27 Pays ¥8,500 on balance related to transaction of Oct 3. E2-5 Instructions - Journalize the transactions for E2-4. Chapter 2-7 ...
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