...domino and watched it knock down a whole line of these small squares? It is amazing how one single action can reciprocate so many other events. This is not only the case for dominoes, of course- everyday events have occurred like this too. A perfect example of the domino effect is the Communist split from the Nationalists, commonly known as the White Terror. This sudden purge only lasted around three nights, but the effects of the split would last for many decades in the future. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) split from the Chinese Nationalists in 1927 affected both China itself and other foreign nations through the triggering of major wars, changes in international relations, and the formation of modern China- one of the world’s leading economies. The effects of the split, both positive and negative, would last for many years to come. After splitting from the Nationalists, Mao Zedong led the legendary Long March- a campaign that would garner support for him and split the country into two parties. Although the route was extremely long and dangerous, the popularity gained along the way sustained the marchers. As Mao Zedong wrote in his 1935 poem The Long March, “the Red Army fears not the trials of the Long March, holding light ten thousand crags and torrents ... Min Mountain's thousand li of snow joyously crossed, the three Armies march on, each face glowing” (Johnson). The Long March mainly crossed the Chinese countryside, a greatly beneficial move, as this is where...
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...business value of around $11 billion. Japan is an Asian country with 377,835 sq. kilometers and an estimated population of a little over 127 million inhabitants, it is known as an economically powerful an stable country. Japan’s economy is among the 3 largest economies worldwide and is the second most technologically powerful economy. From a cultural perspective Japan has strong cultural values greatly influenced by Confucianism and western cultures. When analyzing Japan from Hoftede Cultural dimension point of view it is clear that is low power distance culture with high collectivism, high masculinity, high uncertainty avoidance, and long-term oriented. This tendencies are reflected in marketing practices and consumer behavior, it also has a great impact on management as long-term oriented employment, high uncertainty avoidance, and long-life employment are expected from both employers and employees. Also managers have to be aware there is preference to local and high quality products, however there are some entry barriers and large competitors. After TRU started its international expansion in 1984 it had to rapidly learn to adapt to different competitive retail situations that it entered. The main cultural barrier TRU faced when entering the Japanese market was a cultural employment obstacle, due to the high uncertainty avoidance and long-term oriented characteristic of the culture there were challenges in...
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...The case revolves around the Regal Carnation Hotel, located in Guam. Partly narrated by Steve McKenzie, he described his experience with the Regal Carnation Hotel. In his description of the situation, the “me too” approach to hotel management led to poor service, false representation, and a pricing plan that does not match the value of the hotel. The hotel industry in Guam has important statistical information that will lead to an effective analysis. Over a period of years, Guam has experienced a boost to its tourism industry. The year 1967 was the beginning of that upward trend. that includes support from the United States. However, the decline of the Japanese economy in the 1900’s and onward severely damaged the economy of Guam. How many of us can attest to looking up a product or service online, seeing its respective pictures, only to find out that the actual product is dissimilar to the original picture? The excess room inventory in the hotel industry paired with the decline in the general tourism of Guam could only lead to failure. In other words, supply greatly outnumbered demand. Additionally, applying a “Me-too” approach to hotel operations in such conditions can have limited success. Research has shown that piggy backing on others in the industry can often lead to failure, because companies employing this tactic rarely see the need to differentiate with a product or service. It can be assumed that a “me too” company’s sole intention is to capitalize on the success of...
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...1. | | | | The case revolves around the Regal Carnation Hotel, located in Guam. Partly narrated by Steve McKenzie, he described his experience with the Regal Carnation Hotel. In his description of the situation, the “me too” approach to hotel management led to poor service, false representation, and a pricing plan that does not match the value of the hotel. The hotel industry in Guam has important statistical information that will lead to an effective analysis. Over a period of years, Guam has experienced a boost to its tourism industry. The year 1967 was the beginning of that upward trend. that includes support from the United States. However, the decline of the Japanese economy in the 1900’s and onward severely damaged the economy of Guam. How many of us can attest to looking up a product or service online, seeing its respective pictures, only to find out that the actual product is dissimilar to the original picture? The excess room inventory in the hotel industry paired with the decline in the general tourism of Guam could only lead to failure. In other words, supply greatly outnumbered demand. Additionally, applying a “Me-too” approach to hotel operations in such conditions can have limited success. Research has shown that piggy backing on others in the industry can often lead to failure, because companies employing this tactic rarely see the need to differentiate with a product or service. It can be assumed that a “me too” company’s sole intention is to capitalize...
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...decision-making the ability of each candidate, the ability of each applicant to solve problems, their communication ability, motivation capacity and their organizational capabilities. In addition to the listed basic requirements of a leader Saxon will also rate the candidates based on the following, strategic fit, financial performance, cultural fit, experience, and future capability. Also, Saxon is required to report the performance of his region if the goal was achieved, where and why the goal was not met. As such, this explores how John Saxon can and will select the best candidate for the job using the various dynamics at hand. Selecting a new leader is not an easy. Before analyzing the suitability of the candidates, it is vital to analyze the results realized by the candidates over the previous. Analyzing these results will illustrate some abilities of the individual that will be suitable for the leadership position. The performance in Japan went according to the committee’s requirement. With the sales increasing by 10% from the previous year while still managing to cut the salary costs by 10%, Japan successfully...
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...aims to reveal the motivations behind the multinationals and how multinationals succeed and fail in emerging markets with reference to relevant theories and examples. Theory of Multinational There are many theories analyzing why firms start to engage in foreign direct investments, the Eclectic Paradigm is a more integrated and general approach amongst the various, it explains how the multinational firms make their decisions and strategies by considering the Ownership Advantages (O), Location Advantages (L) and Internalizations factors (I). The theory incorporates ideas of market failure, location advantages and industrial organizations and is thus more holistic approach. The “O” paradigm explains why firms decide to start investing abroad because of possessing ownership-specific advantages relative to domestic firms, and the benefits can outweigh the transaction costs of operating in foreign markets and overcome the competitions of domestic firms, which lead to higher profitability with reduced costs. Examples of ownership-specific advantages are monopoly power of accessing markets through ownership of limited resources, patents and trademarks; technologies in relation to all forms of innovations; marketing; and economies of large size such as economies of scales, scopes, learning and greater access to financial capitals. The “L” paradigm explains the location-specific advantages of host countries in order to make the...
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...Do you know the Holocaust of Jews during WWII? How about the Nanking Massacre? The similar tragedy happened in China but was forgotten by majority of the Western society. It is a time to do something to remember it. The Nanking Massacre is a six-week mass murder and rape committed by Japanese soldiers in Nanjing, the then-capital city in China. After approximately three months’ hard battle, Shanghai fell in November in 1937. Imperial Japanese Army then marched into Nanjing and started a ruthless slaughter of around 300, 000 Chinese civilians on December 13th, 1937. Countless Chinese were killed in cruel ways while women, even girls were raped. It is a symbolic event of the Asian-Pacific war. As important factors of analyzing and evaluating the history, success and failure are both shown through the Nanking Massacre. It is a success of national spirits and united international community but a failure of humanity and political structures. With a comparatively weak army, Chinese fought with courage and determination. Their spirits should be respected and passed...
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...have had limited successes in the past. The question now becomes what are the necessary considerations needed to be taken into account to enable a product to sell internationally and to continue to grow? Before analyzing the strategy Coca-Cola should partake, it is important to look at the general strengths and limitations to both strategies. On one hand, standardization brings in competitive advantages that localization cannot bring. According to Meyer and Bernier, the ultimate advantage of standardization is economies of scale in R&D, production, and marketing. Such economies of scale have led to “greater sales volume, lower production cost, greater profitability, and [an] integrated image around the world” (Meyer and Bernier 11). However, standardization often fails to adhere to cultural differences. For example, when Phillips a technology company, introduced its standardized coffee maker to the Japanese markets in 1987, it failed to sell because the company did not consider that the coffee makers were too large to fit into small Japanese kitchens (Kotler 3). Localization also has its share of limitations and strengths. Localization allows for companies to tailor their products to the consumers of a certain region. For example, when attempting to penetrate the Japanese market, Mattel Barbie...
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...Japan’s Economic Malaise Three simple models for why Japan’s economy will never grow again Michael Smitka Professor of Economics Washington and Lee University Lexington, VA 24450-0303 MSmitka@wlu.edu Version 2 May 23, 2003 ---------------The first version was entitled Three Simple Models for Undergraduate Economists and was prepared for the ASIANetwork Conference, Furman University, April 11-13, 2003. This paper differs primarily in the introduction and summary, and in the addition of more figures. The core analysis and most of the calculatioins remain the same. Smitka / The End of Growth v2 May 23, 2003 Page 1 I. Introduction I argue below that Japan’s economy will not grow again, and that (with hindsight) this should not be surprising. First, Japan has matured, to the point where its labor force is in decline. Such an economy is unlikely to grow in absolute terms. Second, that maturation occurred in a short span of time, resulting in large structural shifts in the economy. These strained the Japanese financial system past the breaking point, and have stymied efforts at macroeconomic stimulus. I believe, however, that the magnitude of these shifts would have overwhelmed any financial structure. I do not deny that Japan’s financial system exhibited large vulnerabilities, and its macroeconomic policy systematic failures. Again, I believe that these are beside the point. Third, the current structure of Japan’s economy is not sustainable; financial liabilities (bank deposits...
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...Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….3 1. A learning organization: understanding the culture of learning and innovation….3 2.1 General concept of learning organization……………………………………3 2.2 IKEA – a learning organization in various market:………………………….4 2. IKEA’s internationalization strategy ……………………………………………..6 3.3 Internationalization strategy from 1974 onwards ……………………………6 3.4 From the perspective of internationalization theories: ………………………7 3. Issued considered in international market research and opportunity analysis: ….9 3.1The Japanese and Chinese market: ……………………………………………9 3.2 The Brazilian market: ………………………………………………………..9 4. IKEA’s entry mode strategy: …………………………………………………...12 5.5 Subsidiaries………………………………………………………………….13 5.6 Franchising………………………………………………………………….13 Summary Introduction Globalization is now playing an important role in the growth of economies across the world. The rapid growth of its process has led to social, economic, technical, cultural and ecological interdependence among nations. It also provides new and potentially profitable markets, increases firms’ competitiveness, facilitates access to new product ideas, manufacturing innovations. Thanks to its numerous advantages, the world is moving closer together and a great deal of organizations has great opportunities to expand their market to foreign ones. IKEA, the world’s largest furniture retailer, did not miss the chance when deciding to go global...
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...actions to prosper and hold on in the future. This report will be analyzing Nucor’s current positions, its competitive advantages, etc. What are the things that Nucor already has to continue its success and what does it need more to adapt to the change of the industry? Nucor’s current position PEST Analysis 1. Political * US government protects domestic steel industry by the anti-dumping tariff and quotas. 2. Economic * Steel is one of the most important raw materials for most industry, especially construction and automotive. * Steel consumption positively relates to economy. * The economy and exchange rate of US dollar can be vital since Nucor’s main operations and markets are in the US. 3. Social * Steel production seems to be unfriendly to environment and dangerous to worker. 4. Technology * Technology is the most important factors for producers to compete. SWOT Analysis 1. Strength * 1st mini-mill technology * Very good leader * Very innovative in steel and joists * Computerized inventory management system * Lean organization * Good organization cultures 2. Weakness * Locations are concentrated in the US 3. Opportunity * New technological advancement * Stay competitive * The licensing rights to the next plants * International ventures * Protection of import quotas can compete with Japanese imports 4. Threat * Global financial meltdown in 2001 ...
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...provider. External Factors To deal with the large scale disruptions of global auto supply chains caused by the external environment, three critical avenues are open to automotive OEM’s are: 1. Challenging suppliers to develop disaster plans so that they can make provisions to move to alternate sites for production, in the event that they are unable to produce product at their main plant. 2. Eliminating sole-source suppliers, and developing the capabilities of additional companies. Having one supplier is probably too few, but having five suppliers is too many in terms of achieving economies of scale. One strategy would be to give 80% of the work to the primary supplier, and 20% to a secondary vendor that is located in another country. Part of contingency planning should include provisions for ramping up production of the second supplier, in the event of a calamity. 3. Analyzing...
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...Internationalization at Toyota: A Case Study Examining the internationalization of the Toyota Motor Corporation, this essay argues that the firm’s strategy of localism, pertaining to both design and production, has lain at the core of the firm’s international successes. In this regard, it notes that Toyota learned from early failures, pertaining to export vehicles, and adjusted its strategy in longitude so as to make the most of export opportunities across the international economy. Noting that the pooling of research & development (R&D) resources which exists in Japan is highly relevant to success in this regard, the essay proposes that Toyota’s all-encompassing strategy of localism is responsible for its international success. Concluding, the essay does note that two areas of weakness, pertaining to quality control and emergent market penetration, still plague Toyota’s internationalization ventures. Thus, while the firm is highly successful in this regard, potent internal difficulties problematize its continued success. Toyota’s First Attempts at Internationalization To begin, understanding Toyota’s significant contemporary global posture requires an understanding of the firm’s humble roots. Indeed, in the pre-World War II era, Toyota was a very small automobile manufacturing firm with middling success in the country’s domestic market. Indeed, it is only through the American War Department’s industrial training program that Toyota ultimately succeeded, in the...
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...Introduction (say what are you going to write in this answer. You may mention the main sections you are going to have in your answer [such as 'theoretical discussions', 'critical discussions'] - “The contribution by Porter (1990) on the competitive advantage of nations has led to an extensive discussion among academics and practitioners on the sources of international competitiveness (Grant, 1991; Gray, 1991). However, in order to understand why so much emphasis is placed on the diamond framework in the management literature, this essay will discuss Porter’s concept of the Diamond and the factors that contribute to the development of national competitive advantage. This paper will begin with a theoretical approach followed by the reception of different authors and schools of thoughts who disagreed with his management thinking, and then goes on to consider empirical issues which have arisen subsequently, followed by a conclusion.” Theoretical Discussions (explain the 'main theory' [such as 'Late/Early industrialization', 'Managerial enterprise', 'Weber's theory about impacts of culture'] in this question) - “Porter’s theory of national competitive advantage is based upon a study of the characteristics of the national environment which identifies four sets of variables, and an additional two, which influences a company’s ability to establish and maintain competitive advantage within international markets. These interacting determinants are: factor conditions; demand conditions;...
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...1990s, Japanese scholars and policymakers have enthusiastically taken it up, eagerly exploring how Japan’s soft power resources could be exploited to burnish Japan’s image in the world and help reshape its environment in subtle but important ways. Some—perhaps encouraged by the new attention given to the popularity of Japanese anime and manga, and by the general buzz about ‘‘Cool Japan’’—have even described Japan as a ‘‘Soft Power Superpower.’’2 It sometimes seemed, in more overheated moments, that Pokemon and Sailor Moon would conquer the world, succeeding where the Imperial Army and Navy had failed.3 That soft power would prove attractive is unsurprising. Although Japan has considerable hard power resources, it has shown great reluctance to actually use them in the way that students of international relations would T 1 The idea was originally advanced by in Joseph Nye, Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power (New York: Basic Books, 1990). He has since expanded on the concept in Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics (New York: Public Affairs, 2004). 2 See the very useful volume by Watanabe Yasushi and David L. McConnell, editors, Soft Power Superpowers: Cultural and National Assets of Japan and the United States (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2008). 3 Former Prime Minister Aso Taro (2008–2009) is said by Japanese diplomats and reporters to have been particularly enamored with the possibility that soft power could be used to leverage Japanese diplomatic...
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