...Term paper EN1320 Dr. Baughman Jay C. Montgomery August 13, 2015 The Evolution of Medicine By Jay C. Montgomery The evolution of medicine was a contributing factor to important advances in our own modern day medicines and technologies. While there are many civilizations to choose from, some of the best contributions came from the Egyptian, Chinese, Greek, Roman, Muslim, Indian, and Japanese cultures. In order to understand what these civilizations did to transform the medical world, it is a necessity to first recognize and appreciate what they were able to accomplish with the little resources available at the time. That being said, even though these societies had little to work with, they were still capable of amazing achievements. The first civilization being considered is the Egyptian civilization because it is one of the oldest and most well-known for their proficiency in various fields, including medicine. The Egyptians possessed a large amount of knowledge of healing with herbs as well as repairing physical injuries in order to tend to the workers responsible for building the great monuments that we still see today in Egypt (Shuttleworth, Ancient Medicine). The Egyptians were very skilled at performing eye surgery, since irritation of the eyes was common in a desert society. Most of the archeological evidence we have today is thanks to the well preserved mummy corpses. We know that healed skeletons were a good indication that prove the Egyptians were capable...
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...A TERM PAPER ON GST 111: USE OF ENGLISH TOPIC: THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE WRITTEN BY: UWEM, HOPE OKON REG NO. 08/BA/IN/022 DEPARTMENT OF INSURANCE FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SUBMITTED TO DR. MRS. DEPARTMENT OF FACULTY OF UNIVERSITY OF UYO, UYO AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA. FEBRUARY, 2012 1. INTRODUCTION All human societies have medical beliefs that provide explanations for birth, death, and disease. Throughout history, illness has been attributed to witchcraft, demons, astral influence, or the will of the gods. These ideas still retain some power, with faith healing and shrines still used in some places, although the rise of scientific medicine over the past millennium has altered or replaced mysticism in most cases. The ancient Egyptians had a system of medicine that was very advanced for its time and influenced later medical traditions. The Egyptians and Babylonians both introduced the concepts of diagnosis, prognosis, and medical examination. The Hippocratic Oath, still taken by doctors today, was written in Greece in the 5th century BCE, Horstmanshoff et al (2004:7). In the medieval era, surgical practices inherited from the ancient masters were improved and then systematized in Rogerius's The Practice of Surgery. During the Renaissance, understanding of anatomy improved, and the invention of the microscope would later lead to the germ theory of disease. These advancements, along with developments in chemistry, genetics...
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...THE CONTRIBUTION OF HHERBAL PLANTS IN THE FILED OF MEDICINE A Research Paper in ENGLISH IV Submitted to: Mrs. Grace B. Amar Submitted by: Queeny Kenn A. Amar Cristelle Mae T. Gille IV – Faraday Sy: 2010 – 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I Page No. Introduction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1-2 Statement of the Problem - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 Definition of Terms - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 Chapter II Findings of the Study - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 - 14 Chapter III Conclusion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 Recommendations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16 Bibliography - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17 - 18 i TOPIC OUTLINE I. Introduction II. Different types of Herbal Plants A. Luyang Dilaw (Ginger) B. Malunggay (Horseradish) C. Ampalaya (Bitter Melon) D. Mangosteen E. Sabila (Aloe Vera) III. Different practices and traditions of Herbal Plants in some countries. A. Greece B. China C. India IV. Conclusion V. Recommendations ii INTRODUCTION Herbal plants have a great contribution in the field of medicine. They are defined as the nature’s natural healers. The plants are use for treating common diseases and promotes...
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...Examination of Clinical Psychology Paper Francine Morgan PSY 480 June 11, 2012 Professor Elizabeth Kane Examination of Clinical Psychology Paper A branch of psychology that deals with assessing and treating abnormal behavior, psychiatric disorders, and mental illness is clinical psychology which is a form of science psychology. In this field of clinical psychology, psychologist treats elderly individuals, young children and their families, even though an individual’s socioeconomic status is not an issue in the decision making process of who should receive treatment. Clinical psychologist deals with an individual that has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and individual coping with his or her own issues, such as losing a love one or divorce. Clinical psychologist let’s patients express his or her frustrations while assisting them in understanding his or her ability and skills in using different techniques to help patients, depending on their psychologist’s area of expertise. In the early 1800’s, psychology has been around since 2500 B.C. In this time, the approach to examining mental health involved supernatural, religious aspects, and medical. The Greek physician Hippocrates, known as the father of ancient medicine, played a role in the development of psychology. The Hippocrates came up with the theory of humors, which consists of four bodily fluids, and they are the key to good health, which the fluid colors are yellow bile, black bile, blood and phlegm...
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...Epilepsy is a brain disorder and chronic medical condition with sudden abnormal electrical activity that produce seizures which affect a variety of mental and physical functions . It is a word that derived from the Greek "epilepsia" which means "to take hold of". Patients with epilepsy have recurrent seizures, strange sensations and emotions or behave strangely. "The seizures happen when clusters of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain send out the wrong signals."(1) Epilepsy has existed for thousands of years but only in the past hundred years or so has it begun to be understood. Epileptic seizures were described in ancient cultures, including those of China, Egypt, and India. The seizure was attributed to the god of the moon. "They...
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...of Clinical Psychology The word clinical comes from the Greek word klinike, which means “medical practice at the sickbed” (Maddux, 2008, p. 56), the word psychology comes from the word psyche, which means “soul or mind” (Maddux, 2008, p. 56). Clinical Psychology is “the assessment, treatment, and understanding of psychological and behavioral problems and disorders” (Plante, 2011, p. 5). Clinical psychology has a rich history compiled with information derived from philosophy, biology, and science. In this paper the history and the evolving nature of clinical psychology will be described as well as an explanation of the role research and statistics has on clinical psychology, and a comparison of clinical psychology to other mental health profession. The History of Clinical Psychology Greek history presented a background of early Greek thinkers, who acknowledged an interconnection between the mind and body as well as the influence the interconnection has on illnesses. One of the first contributors to psychology came from Hippocrates, who believed disease, temperament, and personality originated from an imbalance within four humors that he called black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood within an individual’s environment (Plante, 2011). Hippocrates also suggested that abnormal behavior, physical, and emotional illnesses were influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors. Aristotle was another Greek, who argued a scientific basis suggesting distinct emotional...
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...World Religions Midterm Paper RELIGION: HINDUISM RITUAL: ARYUVEDIC Hinduism as we have learnt previously originated in India and has a large following, even outside of India in countries such as the United States and other parts of Asia as well. Many people debate as to whether Hinduism can actually be regarded as a religion due to the various ideologies it encompasses. It proposes ideas which are seemingly, should not be considered religious due to many people. The lack of a spiritual figure who can be looked up to and prayed to , as do the other familiar religions, give many a cause to disregard it as a religion but rather as a way of life. One of such practices which are incorporated into their rituals is Ayurveda. It is a practice which is concerned with providing holistic healing for individuals. In the following paragraphs, I will go into detail about Ayurveda, detailing its origins/ beginnings, types and its use across the world. Ayurveda is an ancient medicinal form of science which was practiced in India (as Hinduism also started in India). It began centuries and the word Ayurveda in Sanskrit is “Ayur” which means “life” and “veda” which also means “science” Therefore, in keeping with its aim of providing holistic healing can be considered to be a life science. The practice of Ayurveda started in India centuries ago and is often referred to as the ‘mother of healing’. Ancient Greek and Chinese medicine too was influenced from Ayurveda and its natural healing...
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...Examination of Clinical Psychology Paper Scientific history has provided extraordinary events for medical research and development, including discovering of psychology and other natural sciences. The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates was the first scientist to explain the correlation between disease and dysfunctions (Plante, 2005). Hippocrates proposed that there was imbalances in four fluids humans have, therefore emotions, and psychological malfunctions can be developed in humans and require special treatments to help to balance the fluids back to normal. Greek scientist joined the Hippocrates studies and did more research to find relationships and seek for the right treatment. Plato and Aristotle were among the scientists who formulated that some physical illness can result from the soul (Plante, 2005, P. 34). Unfortunately, during the Middle Ages many diseases were untreated because most mental issues were related to the soul and medical help was never seek. It was believe that insanity was just a lost soul in hell and that there was no cure for the individual. Sigmund Freud had a better explanation about the mind/body association by generating a better understanding to have a full understanding of illness in relation to abnormal behavior (Plante, 2005, P. 46). It was clear that Psychology was developing a huge impact in the medicine field but it was until 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt opened the first laboratory in Germany to increase the research and development in the Psychology...
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...Unnatural? Animal research has had a vital role in many scientific and medical advances of the past century and continues to aid our understanding of various diseases. Throughout the world, people enjoy a better quality of life because of these advances, and the subsequent development of new medicines and treatments are all made possible by animal research. However, the use of animals in scientific and medical research has been a subject of heated debate for many years. Opponents to any kind of animal research, including both extreme sides of animal-activist groups believe that animal experimentation is cruel and unnecessary, regardless of its purpose or benefit. There is no middle ground for these groups; they want the immediate and total abolition of all animal research. If they succeed, it would have enormous and severe consequences for scientific research. Animal experimentation has been practiced since ancient times, when the ancient Greeks killed and dissected animals for scientific and religious purposes. Vivisection continued throughout ancient times and into the Christian era, becoming a replacement for human dissection when the Catholic Church banned autopsies. Animals were treated as insensitive objects, mere automatons incapable of pain or emotion. By the 1800s, science and medicine were moving forward at unprecedented rates. Germs were discovered and vaccines invented; pills were created and diseases eradicated. Animals were involved in many research ventures, ranging...
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...Compare and contrast essay: Ancient Egypt and Greece The ancient Egyptian and ancient Greek civilizations are two of the oldest known civilizations in our history. The Egyptian civilization, based in the eastern part of North Africa, is believed to have started around 3150 BC and continued till the end of the Pharaoh rule in 31 BC. The ancient Greek civilization is believed to have been in effect from 1100 BC till about 146 BC. Many similarities and differences existed between these two civilizations, as even though they co-existed during a certain timeframe (1150 BC to 146 BC), they were located in different geographical areas. Because of these differences in geography, both these civilizations were subjected to different kinds of exposure, which included contact with other civilization and cultural inheritance. In the political sphere, we find that the Egyptian civilization had stronger emphasis on central authority, while the Greeks had a more decentralized structure, where powers were distributed over the cities and the states as well. As far as art is concerned, we find that the Egyptians were more involved in creating great monumental and gaudy structures, while the Greeks were more involved in creating smaller, more literary pieces of art. One of the biggest reasons why these two civilizations had these differences is due to their geography. The Egyptians had easy access to large stones that they could bring in to their country and use them to erect such monumental...
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...Psychology Paper Tammy Poe PSY 480 University of Phoenix April, 23, 2012 Ross Seligman Examination of Clinical Psychology Paper Clinical psychology is a branch of psychology that involves the concern with assessing and treating abnormal behavior, mental illness, and other psychiatric disorders. Clinical psychology is the science of psychology. Clinical psychologists treat young children to the elderly, individuals or families, thus, an individual’s socioeconomic status is not an issue in the decision-making process of whether or not an individual should receive treatment. There is a broad range of specialties that clinical psychologists deal with, such as individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, or individuals coping with his or her personal issues, such as going through a divorce or losing a job. Clinical psychologists allow patients the opportunity to express his or her anger or frustrations while assisting the patient in understanding and controlling his or her situation in a healthy manner. Psychologists have the knowledge and skill in using a variety of methods developed to help patients, depending on the psychologist’s area of expertise. History of Clinical Psychology Established in the 1800s, psychology has been known since 2500 B.C. During this time, the approach to examining mental health involved holistic, supernatural, medical, and religious aspects. The father of ancient medicine, also...
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...Biological Psychology Paper Individual Week 1 Psy 340 Biological Psychology Paper Individual Week 1 Since man first began to think, he asked the question of how, where, and why. Man wanted to know how and why the thought process occurred. We want to know where we actually live. Where is conscious thought? It was once believed that our thoughts and soul were housed in our hearts. As man began to understand and study the human body, these beliefs changed. We now know that every thought, emotion, belief, and impulse begins in the brain. The primary focus of biopsychology is to understand the mind versus brain relationship. Biological psychology is a sub-field and combination of two separate academic areas of scientific study. Biology literally means the study of life. Physiology is the study of how the body functions. Human psychology studies the mind and the resulting behavior of people (Pinel, 2009). The fields of psychology and physiology are studied together in order to achieve a better understanding of each area and their interdependent functioning and relationships. Biological psychology is also known as: biopsychology, neuroscience, neurobiology, and even behavioral science (Bickhard, 2009). Historically, biological psychology began with the ancient Greeks. Theorists and philosophers across time have added to biology and psychology. Plato, Socrates, Descartes, Galen, and Galvani have all given life to this field. Descartes thought that pineal gland of the...
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...000 – Computer science, information, and general works • 000 Generalities • 001 Knowledge • 002 The book • 003 Systems • 004 Data processing and Computer science • 005 Computer programming, programs, data • 006 Special computer methods • 007 Not assigned or no longer used • 008 Not assigned or no longer used • 009 Not assigned or no longer used • 010 Bibliography • 011 Bibliographies • 012 Bibliographies of individuals • 013 Bibliographies of works by specific classes of authors • 014 Bibliographies of anonymous and pseudonymous works • 015 Bibliographies of works from specific places • 016 Bibliographies of works from specific subjects • 017 General subject catalogs • 018 Catalogs arranged by author & date • 019 Dictionary catalogs • 020 Library & information sciences • 021 Library relationships • 022 Administration of the physical plant • 023 Personnel administration • 024 Not assigned or no longer used • 025 Library operations • 026 Libraries for specific subjects • 027 General libraries • 028 Reading, use of other information media • 029 Not assigned or no longer used • 030 General encyclopedic works • 031 General encyclopedic works -- American • 032 General encyclopedic works in English • 033 General encyclopedic works in other Germanic languages • 034 General encyclopedic works in French, Provencal...
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...was repeated by Hugh Trevor-Roper, Regius Professor of History at Oxford University, as late as 1963. Africa, the birthplace of humanity We now knowWe now know that far from having no history, it is likely that human history actually began in Africa. The oldest evidence of human existence and that of our immediate ancestors has been found in Africa. In July 2002 further evidence of the existence of early hominids in Africa was found with the discovery of the fossilised remains of what has been called Sahelanthropus tchadensis, thought to be between 6-7 million years old, in Chad. The latest scientific research points to the fact that all human beings are likely to have African ancestors. Trade, Cultures and Civilisations in Africa Africa’s great civilisations made an immense contribution to the world, which are still marvelled at by people today. Ancient Egypt, which first developed over 5000 years ago. is one of the most notable of these civilisations and one of the...
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...In the following research paper, it will be argued that Lavoisier single-handedly advanced chemistry from the long-lasting period of alchemy to the era of modern chemistry that we know today. In support of such claim, Lavoisier’s discrediting of the phlogiston theory in 1778 and subsequent publication of “Elements of Chemistry” in 1787 will be discussed, with mention being made to Lavoisier’s implementation of algebra into his chemical equations. The question that will be asked is why did alchemy have to be replaced? What made the public and scientific community shy away from alchemy, and what were Lavoisier’s effect in that? When chemistry emerged, it became a concise practice that aided in bridging the gap between the natural sciences....
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