...Seven Wonders of the Ancient World The canonical list of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World includes: The Great Pyramid of Giza, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Colossus of Rhodes, and the Lighthouse of Alexandria. Considered to be architecturally and artistically perfect by the Greeks and Romans, the Wonders were located in Greece, North Africa and Asia Minor, and are believed to have been built between 2800 BC, with the first being the Pyramid of Giza and the final Wonder, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, built in 280 BC (Rose). Figure 1: Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Map. Source: WorldAtlas.com The following pages will include an overview of four of the Wonders, the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the Colossus of Rhodes and the Lighthouse of Alexandria. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia, a forty foot high statue of the god Zeus, commissioned by the leaders of Elis, who believed that a statue of the god in whose honor the games were created “would maintain the pre-eminence of the god’s renowned sanctuary at Olympia, the site of the Olympic Games”(McWilliam, Puttock, Stevenson, Taraporewalla 13). The statue was built around 435 BC by an Athenian sculptor named Phidias who also built the statue of Athena in the Parthenon. Phidias is sometimes credited with developing a procedure called chryselephantine...
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...M. Golden ARTS 111 Mid-Term Paper February 1, 2014 Wonders of the Ancient World Throughout ancient history many lists were created for must see architectural structures. These lists were generated by travelers during the prime of these structures and some even after destruction. There came a time where the Greeks compiled the list to what we now call The Seven Wonders of the Ancient world. These structures were all created over the course of several years, so some were destroyed by the time others were constructed. The tale of greatness will be retold through my eyes for four of these seven wonders. When the Temple of Artemis was first constructed in 800 BCE on the River Selinas in Ephesus, the Ephesians had no idea what all this temple would be put through. Asia Minor was known for earthquakes so the temple was built in the marsh land with the idea that the soft, marshy ground would absorb even the worst of tremors. The original temple was built as a sanctuary to pray to Artemis, the goddess of fertility, who the Ephesians believed also to be the goddess of the hunt. For reasons of the city growing due to trade and the fact that Ephesians thought the daughter of Zeus needed a larger temple, the temple was reconstructed to be larger than the original. However, the reconstruction did not last long. In 550 BCE, Ephesus was conquered by King Croesus and the temple was destroyed. The new king had great wealth and contributed to the rebuilding of the temple. This time it...
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...Women in the Ancient World From the very beginning of time, women have played a very significant role in development and advancement of life, serving as the companion for men as well as procreating with them to ensure the world would be inhabited and settled. In present-day society, we view women as essential to everyday life. Society sees and treats women as intelligent individuals who are equally efficient for most of the same work and intellectual skills as men. In most cases, we believe that women and men are equal, as women are able to legally run for and hold government offices, perform physical labor, work in medical professions, and basically anything they desire so long as, like anyone else, they attain the required certifications, education, etc. However, this outlook on women’s roles and abilities was not always shared among the social order. Throughout history, women’s roles in society, economy, government and culture have evolved and shifted dramatically. Throughout each culture and society in the ancient world, we find differences in the way women were treated, the responsibilities expected of them, and their learned place in the social order. Women featured in Homer’s The Iliad were some of some earliest examples of women being viewed with poor outlooks in the eyes of men in Greek culture. David Harvey claims that Aristotle had no doubt that women were inferior in this particular society (Harvey, 46). They were mainly viewed as prizes throughout Homer’s...
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...The Ancient Greek World: Religion Throughout the world, many are faced with the question of religion: who and what we believe in. This question has caused wars, political arguments, debates, and the list goes on. Religion opens up the minds to profound possibilities and questions throughout our world of history and across cultural boundaries. Religion can enlighten our knowledge of other worlds and disciplines such as sociology, anthropology, and literature. Taking a look back into our ancient world you can see the cultural impacts that began and influenced different views on how our world began. With formal rituals which included animal sacrifices and libations, myths to explain the origins of mankind and...
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...Egypt to India into a new Greek world (McKay, 137). His influence had also built an empire that would spread the Greek culture into the known world, but there are no kingdoms without a king and with Alexander’s swift and stunning demise, his empire would crumble almost as quickly as it was built. 404 B.C.E., a long and bloody 27 year war, also known as the Peloponnesian War (AncientGreece, 2003) had finally come to an end. Athens, its once dominant Navy destroyed, is starved into submission at the hands of its arch rivals, the Spartans (McKay, 123). In 359 B.C.E. Philip II had become king (382 – 336 B.C.E) and within two decades he would change the face of Greece (BBC, 2014). During this period, Macedonia had a large amount of potential in both man...
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...Introduction Carthage may have come into its own power in the ancient world but it did not begin as one. In its beginning, Carthage was a small isolated city established by Dido, located today in the northern tip of Tunisia near the Mediterranean Sea. Growth and glory came to Carthage through its’ people who were innovative and able to create progress with original inventions and design. Body Being a small city, surrounded by larger powers, Carthage was forced to move across the sea to create trade networks where they were able to establish colonies. Power, land, and resources were accumulated by planting settlers and new cities under the control of Carthage. Carthage became an important cultural and commercial area due to its growing wealth and its sheer number of people. As more and more people wanted to live and raise families in the area it was necessary to create new housing opportunities. The Carthaginian people came through again with new innovations in building with what we would describe as...
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...The enduring traditions and institutions from Greek culture that expanded to most of the western world are democracy/government, philosophy, literature/drama, and architecture. Greek democracy and government has influenced many of the western world in the aspects of courts and jury, majority rule, civic debate, impartial juries, and the rule of law, just to name a few. An example of how ancient Greeks government have in influence the modern world, is Athenians called their political system demokratia (meaning rule by the people), and in their demokratia the people could hold supreme political authority and government. Which is very similar to what the U.S. have now, but instead calling it a demokratia it is called a democracy. Greek philosophy...
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...Things we see and hear today may have been around for thousands of years. Ancient Greek art has influenced the western world greatly. They left behind brilliant ideas for the future generations to admire. It’s amazing on how much the ancient Greeks accomplished in such a technology limited world at the time. Perhaps, that was the reason why they had their radar on the arts and imagination. The Greeks created classical construction masterpieces as their platforms of entertainment, such as the Panathenaic Stadium, which held several Greek festive events and athletic games. Before it was built, all the Olympic Games were held in Olympia, a sanctuary devoted to Zeus. It was a religious festival just as much as a sporting event. Lots of preparation...
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...Though nobody has a solid answer for whether or not ghosts exist, the ghost stories will still be read and the ghost hunting documentaries will still be watched, so might as well keep them coming, right? In the Ancient World, people had no doubt that the soul of a human was survived after the bodily death. The constant belief was that souls of the dead would remain unless the gods licensed them to return back to the land. Many different places came with different viewpoints. In Mesopotamia, death was believed to be the final act with no return. Ghosts can only appear if they were needed to right a wrong. Meanwhile in Egypt, they never really wanted to come back because they were taught that the afterlife was your new life, and it came with everything you left behind, including your house, your favorite plant and even your pet if you owned one, so returning to the real world was unnecessary. In China, the culture of the dead is extremely important to them, if a person drowned, died alone, died in battle, or suffered some other death in which they...
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...The world is full of many of mans’ accomplishments that both amaze us and are astounding. The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World are some of the most incredible works that have ever been created. They can be amazing for many different reasons. The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World are all judged by their artistry, engineering skill, construction and sheer scale (Berg, October 2, 2001). In the following paragraphs, I will examine four of the most remarkable man made creations in the ancient world. The Temple of Artemis is an amazing example of human ingenuity. The temple is a Greek building made up of 127 marble columns that are 60 feet tall each (Browne). It was designed by Chersiphron, and erected at the expense of Croesus, the fabulously wealthy king of Lydia in 550 B.C (Brown). I took nearly 120 years to complete because of its’ sheer size and details that were carved into many of the columns. It is the largest temple of the ancient world because of the competitive nature that the Greeks had with the rest of the world during that time. What is amazing however is that it has been rebuilt three times. Its’ final demise was in 262 A.D (The British Museum). Another amazing ancient wonder was the Statue of Zeus that was created in 432 B.C, very close to the time when the Temple of Artemis was built. It is a statue of Zeus that was made of the ivory and gold-plated bronze. It was erected at Olympia for the ancient Olympic Games that were said to start in 776 B.C....
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...Review of Four of the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World There have been many lists assembled from ancient times to present day noting the spectacular natural wonders and manmade structures in the World. The first known list of remarkable structures is referred to as the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Ancient Greek and Roman scholars wrote about these wonders of architecture beauty. Located around the Mediterranean and Middle East, the seven wonders were: Great Pyramid of Giza, Hanging Gardens of Babylon, Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Colossus of Rhodes, and the Lighthouse of Alexandria. This paper will review four of these wonders. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon are thought to be series huge and magnificent gardens, towering over the city of Babylon. According to legend, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon were created by King Nebuchadnezzar II around 600 B.C. ("12 Key Facts”). The king built these beautiful gardens to cheer up his wife, Amytis who was homesick for her homeland. There is no physical evidence these gardens actually existed, only the descriptions provided through ancient writings. The Greek geographer Strabo, who described the gardens in first century B.C., wrote, “It consists of vaulted terraces raised one above another, and resting upon cube-shaped pillars. These are hollow and filled with earth to allow trees of the largest size to be planted. The pillars, the vaults, and terraces are constructed...
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...GarHanging Gardens of Babylon By: Katerina Gillian The Hanging Gardens of Babylon are considered to be one of the original Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. They were built in the ancient city-state of Babylon, near present-day Al Hillah, Babil, in Iraq. Nebuchadnezzar II ordered the gardens to be built during his reign of 43 years between the years of 604-562 BC. He built it to help his homesick wife, Amyitis, who was from Media, overcome her depression. She missed the gardens and mountains of her homeland. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon impressed travelers and historians in ancient times. Although they no longer exist, the idea of such a magnificent garden still peaks the curiosity of people today. Architecturally, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon were an impressive. The gardens were quadrilateral in shape. Stairways went to the highest terraced roofs. The plants on these terraces overhung stone column supports. Arched vaults were placed on cubed fountains. The fountains provided humidity that acted as a form of air conditioning. The shade from the trees also helped keep cool the gardens. The garden rose in close planted levels to create man-made mountain greenery. The gardens were supported by a detailed structure of stone pillars, brick walls, and palm tree trunk beams. These trunks were watertight. “Palm beams were placed over with reed and bitumen mats, as well as two layers of baked mud brick.” All of this was coated in a layer of lead. There were fourteen underground...
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...There are millions of ancient buildings but if you ask me which one shocks me the most, which is the Malta’s Hypogeum. Honestly, I have more favor on this building instead of the Seven Wonders of the World. First of all, I would like introduce this building to you. It was built in several stages. The first stage, also known as the upper level, it was built from 3600 to 3300BC. The second stage, known as the middle level, it was built from 3300 to 3000BC. The last stage, known as the lower level, it was built from 3150 to 2500BC. According to the information, the Hypogeum is covered about 470 square meters. The inside of it, there are lots of rooms and linked by the passages, stairways and hall. As there were no any machines during that period,...
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...Anthropologists believe that humans have been tattooing themselves for thousands of years, since at least 3250 B.C., says Marilyn Scallan in the article, “Ancient Ink: Iceman Otzi has Worlds Oldest Tattoos.” The first record of a tattooed human is Otzi, also known as the iceman (Scallan). According to Scallan, he was found buried along the border between Austria and Italy, in the possession of 61 tattoos. The article, “Looking at the World’s Tattoos” by the Smithsonian Magazine, writes that the art of tattooing has been practiced throughout the entire world at some time, from the native Americans, to Japan, India, New Guinea, and Europe. For over 2000 years, the many tribes and people living in Polynesia have had tattooing as an important cultural...
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... Each building has their own features and very diversified in their shapes. Looking at how beautiful they are, we can image that the constructions need a lot of efforts from the architects and workers, and they may use many advanced and modern facilities to bring them the best work. Besides, if we think about the past, without technology, there would be impossible for the ancient people build anything amazing like these. But that is not true, and you will be surprised when you see how mighty the pyramids are. Especially, the Great Pyramid of Giza is the only one of the seven ancient wonders still remaining to our days and one of the most famous tourist attractions in the modern world. II. Body: 1) What is pyramid? + Pyramid is a structure whose shape is triangular and converges to a single point at the top. The base of a pyramid can be trilateral, quadrilateral, or any polygon shape, and the square pyramid is a common version. + Most of Pyramids represent for the tomb of Pharoahs, kings of acient Egypt, who believed that they could take their bodies and worldly possessions to the next world by burying inside the pyramid. Usually, they started construction on their pyramid many years before their death. 2) How to build a pyramid? + The estimate of the number of workers to build the pyramids range from a few thousand, twenty thousand. Especilly, It's believed to have taken 100,000 laborers about 20 years to build the the Great Pyramid of Giza, using an estimated...
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