... given insufficient care, or die in the process of being kept in a research facility. Research institutions have the option to not allow the animals to be protected by the AWA or the Animal Welfare ACT; if the institutions are able to record that it was necessary for scientific use. (Susan) Records show that it is common for facilities to do this. The suggestion to do this often comes from someone working in the facility. After searching the USDA Animal Care database it was discovered that in the last twelve months sixteen facilities had violated the Environmental Enhancement requirements of the Animal Welfare Act. A USDA inspection on August eighth two-thousand eleven cited Mclean Hospital in Boston MA after finding a primate dead after only spending ten minutes in an experimental chamber. In February two-thousand eleven, a non-human primate was found dead after having...
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...Animal testing has been around since the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE from the writings of the Greek. They are used for research to develop the understanding of science, to establish more solutions to medical problems, and mainly the protection of people, animals and the environment. Animals are important for research because it allows the scientist to learn more information about human biology and health. With the information gathered, scientist can then develop new medicines. Animal testing is vital to the continued development of human medicine. In addition, animal testing uses many different species for procedures for research about human biology, diseases and to determine how effective new medicinal products. This subject has always been a heated debate because of the use of animals for scientific research. Both sides of this debate have valid points in their argument. Some points are based on facts, whereas some might be based on opinion. Everyone has something different to say and have...
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...indifferent to them; that’s the essence of inhumanity” (Shaw). The use of animals in research and developmental projects, especially for purposes of determining the safety of substances such as foods or drugs is substandard. Animal testing is any scientific experiment or test in which a live animal is forced to undergo something that is going to cause them pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm. Animal experiments are not the same as taking a live animal to the vet; animals used in laboratories are deliberately harmed, and are usually killed at the end of the experiment. Animal experiments include force feeding animals with potentially harmful substances, exposure to radiation, surgically removing animal organs, forcing animals to inhale toxic gases, and subjecting animals too frightening situations to...
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...stopped to wonder, “On what are these products tested?” You could be supporting animal cruelty without even be aware of it. The majority of the medications that we are provided with today have been tested on animals before being introduced onto the market . Using animals in scientific research has forever since been a controversial topic for heated debates. Despite the fact that we often benefit from successful animal experimentation, the pain and death that hundreds of millions of animals are suffering from are not worth the welfare of human beings. In addition, many forward-thinking-scientists have developed alternatives that replace the use of animals and furthermore, provides more accurate data to the study of human health and diseases. Therefore, I believe...
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...Scientists putting animals through suffrage through medical research, but in any case, it is not contested, but on a scale it often is. There is an up and downstream of whether animal experimentation is a part of good science and also result in medical breakthroughs for humans. Depending on whether the progress may have achieved by any means. Millions of animals each year in the United States are experimented on for testing to help find cures and medicine for sick people/patients. Toxicity of medicine is put into animals and take the risk of whether or not are tests are successful or not so we can research further more. Research is led into saving lives, but what about the ones that are tested for hours on end and spend days in cages without...
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...Animal testing has been a major issue throughout the years in the U.S. that is being dealt with today. Animals are being used for experiments in order to test any products or chemicals before humans. Animal experimentation is where scientific researchers use animals for biomedical testing and analyze them for research to enhance human health and the welfare of other animals. Many animals are now suffering and in pain resulting into the death of animals from the experiments. Laura Waters who is an academic scientist, researching pharmaceutical formulations, analytical techniques and the development of alternatives to animal testing would say that in ancient times, scientists have used living animals for experiments in order to see their differences...
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...Argumentative Essay The function of an argumentative essay is to show that your assertion (opinion, theory, and hypothesis) about some phenomenon or phenomena is correct or more truthful than others'. The art of argumentation is not an easy skill to acquire. Many people might think that if one simply has an opinion, one can argue it successfully, and these folks are always surprised when others don't agree with them because their logic seems so correct. Argumentative writing is the act of forming reasons, making inductions, drawing conclusions, and applying them to the case in discussion; the operation of inferring propositions, not known or admitted as true, from facts or principles known, admitted, or proved to be true. It clearly explains the process of your reasoning from the known or assumed to the unknown. Without doing this you does not have an argument, you have only an assertion, an essay that is just your unsubstantiated opinion. Argumentative essays are often organized in the following manner: 1. They begin with a statement of your assertion, its timeliness, significance, and relevance in relation to some phenomenon. 2. They review critically the literature about that phenomenon. 3. They illustrate how your assertion is "better" (simpler or more explanatory) than others, including improved (i.e., more reliable or valid) methods that you used to accumulate the data (case) to be explained. Finally revise and edit, and be sure to apply the critical process to your...
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...Argumentative Essay Animal Testing All around the world, animal testing has been a controversial and talked about topic. It has helped the human race become more advanced in sciences and technology. Could the human medicine be as advanced if animal testing not allowed? Animal testing has opened many doors for medicine and helped so many people with tragic illnesses like cancer and AIDS. Animal experiments and testing is a good thing because it makes safe drugs, safe cosmetics, and helps people with deadly illness. Animal research has played a major part in the development of medicine to make it safer for people to take. First, testing new medications on animals is very important before releasing it to the public. For example, a drug called Thalidomide was prescribed to pregnant women in Europe to reduce nausea. The Thalidomide medication caused 10,000 babies to have birth defects. “It was largely avoided in North America because federal health and drug agencies believed Thalidomide had not been adequately tested on animals” (Research). Another reason why it is important to test drugs on animals before giving it to humans is because back in 1937 an antibacterial drug was released and killed 107 people. Manufacturers at the time did not have to prove if drugs were safe to take before being sold. Drug testing on animals goes to prove how important it is for drugs to be experimented on animals before being released to the public. Second, since people are so much like animals...
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...UNIT 1 Special Note: The argumentative essay is a very useful test of a student’s ability to think logically. Argue: v. 1. to persuade someone to do or not do something. 2. to give the reasons for your opinion, idea, belief, etc. Argumentative: adj. someone who is argumentative often argues or like arguing. Argument: n. a set of reasons that show that something is true or untrue, right or wrong etc. When you have an opinion and try to convince your listener or reader to accept your opinion, you are agreeing with or disagreeing with something. For example: In an everyday situation, you may try to convince a friend to go somewhere or in a composition or speech class, the instructor may make an assignment in which you must support or oppose the use of nuclear energy to produce electricity. If you agree or disagree on an issue, you will want your reader or listener to accept your point of view. There are a few types of argumentative compositions such as: 1. Advantages and disadvantages 2. Expressing opinions/providing solutions to problems 3. Expressing arguments for and against a topic 4. Compare and contrast something or somebody PURPOSE of ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAYS * An argument follows when two groups disagree about something. * People can have different opinions and can offer reasons in support...
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...Argumentative essay: Save animals. Say no to animal testing! Nowadays, it is a well-known fact that many companies test their products like cosmetics and medicines with animals before production to check their products ’safety and quality. A huge amount of animals are used in research purpose every year. Is it right for human beings to sacrifice millions of animals for testing purpose? Should animal testing be banned? Animal testing is a controversial issue and there is a heated debated about pros and cons of animal testing in society. People hold different points of view. Supporters of animal testing think that animal testing are critical to medical and scientific development. Opponents of animal testing think that animal testing is inhumane and cruel. It is generally believed that animal testing should be banned because it is unethical, unreliable and unnecessary. First and foremost, it would be interesting to see that supporters of animal testing argue that animals do not have feelings and rights. They are convinced that it is right to take animals ‘lives and make them suffer because they think human beings are more superior to other animals. They also think that only small amount of animals are being harm and kill each year. Actually, animals also do have feelings and rights, they are not deserve to suffer for research purpose. One should however, not forget that large amount of animals are killed because of us, there are actually 19.5 million animals are killed every...
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...statements (or premises) Using connectives and paragraphs in a larger argumentative text The main thesis, supporting arguments and conclusion. Adding information to relevant arguments Connectives for listing arguments. Concluding connectives In fact / Indeed More practice on using In fact and Indeed Paragraphs Showing you are aware of both sides of the issue - a model Showing you are aware of both sides of the issue - examining the model The main premise Paragraph topics Opposing arguments and supporting arguments Problematising the opposing arguments Shifting from opposing arguments to supporting arguments. More work on showing you are aware of both sides of the issue Language Summary: ways of showing that you are aware of the opposing opinion Working out the main premise from a paragraph Using connectives and problematising phrases in a paragraph Putting together a paragraph for an argumentative text Choosing your own premise and writing a paragraph Converting an informal text into a formal text Sorting arguments into topics and paragraphs A longer model argumentative essay Getting an overview of the model essay Identifying the main premise, paragraph structure and paragraph topics The internal organisation of the paragraphs - revision Including a paragraph that only presents supporting arguments Writing introductions to argumentative essays Writing conclusions to argumentative essays Writing your own argumentative essay - 13 steps to take from start to finish Appendix 1. Language summary:...
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...[Professor Name] [Course Number] [Date] Scientists say animal testing is unethical and should be prohibited A good or sound argument makes a claim and offers reasons and evidence in support of that claim. It also anticipates opposing viewpoints and acknowledges, accommodates, and/or refutes them. Think about your audience and what you feel they need to hear, the subject you feel is of greatest concern to your audience, and discover what most affects your audience. You will begin this assignment by thinking of three topics. I and your classmates will help you choose the strongest of those. You will need to consider the assignment, but you will also need to recognize this is not an “issue” paper. You will need to consult the Taboo List. From the point of topic selection, you research will begin. I will be giving you some sp We will be covering the many components of argument in upcoming meetings. Argument is a big subject, and we will be taking our time covering elements of proof, logic, fallacies, and counter argument. Document Type: Argumentative essay Style: MLA Actual Order Pages: 3 References: 6 Academic Level: Masters Subject Type: English Language: US English Line Spacing: Double (Standard) Font Face: Times New Roman Word Count: 825 Sources / References: 1- Two books- Salem Press, EBSCOhost eBooks or Google Books, etc. 2- Two online sources- Google Scholar, JSTOR, EBSCOhost or government sources (Census Bureau, Centers for Disease Control...
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...Argumentative writing Planning Stage For an argument essay to be effective, it must contain certain elements. For this reason, you must take a few minutes to plan before you jump into writing an argument essay. Find a Good Topic To find good topic for an argument essay you should consider several issues that will have two conflicting points of view or very different conclusions. As you look over a list of topics you should find one that really sparks your interest. While a strong interest in a topic is important, it's not enough. You next have to consider what position you can back up with reasoning. It's one thing to have a strong belief, but when shaping an argument you'll have to explain why your belief is reasonable and logical. As you explore the topics, make a mental list of points you could use as evidence for or against an issue. Consider Both Sides of Your Topic and Take a Position Once you have selected a topic you feel strongly about, you should make a list of points for both sides of the argument. One of your first objectives in your essay will be to present both sides of your issue with an assessment of each. Of course, you will conclude that one side (your side) is the best conclusion. In the planning stage you will need to consider strong arguments for the "other" side. Then you'll shoot them down! Gather Evidence When we think of arguments we might picture two red-faced people speaking quite loudly and making dramatic gestures. But that's because...
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...what controversial (has more than one side / answer / opinion / etc) issues exist in your discipline / major and which are most interesting to you and/or relevant in your field today. To help you with that, you may want to move through the brainstorm / freewrite below to see if you can develop some of those ideas. You should use this to help you come up with ideas that you could discuss and develop on the DB. You may even want to post portions of what you came up with here on the DB. Thoughtful interaction could earn you some BONUS in the CE column and allow you to SPIN some ideas and nail down some solid topics. With that in mind, each student’s essay is to be unique with regards to its TOPIC / ISSUE / STANCE / ETC; therefore, the Board is meant to be a place to help shape ideas, not see one and “steal” it for your own essay. Topics will be reserved for those individuals who first bring them up and if similarities exist it will be the responsibility of the students to determine what different aspects of the issue will be explored by each (first poster gets first choice). I will NOT allow the “casual” student (one who is hanging around on the roster but not really submitting assignments and/or participating on the previous Boards) tell me at the last minute that “X” is his/her project when a conscientious student already articulated this on the Board. What you want to do is complicate the issue. Look at the issue from multiple perspectives and see what collaborations and...
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...2 of 56 Clear Thinking, Critical Thinking, and Clear Writing Students will learn to … 1. Determine acceptable and unacceptable degrees of vagueness in language 2. Understand and identify types of ambiguity 3. Identify the problems generality causes in language 4. Use definitions to increase precision and clarity and to influence attitudes 5. Understand the types of definitions 6. Acquire skills for writing an effective argumentative essay rom August 1987 until January 2007, Alan Greenspan was chairman of the Federal Reserve Board (“the Fed”). Because any remark he made about U.S. monetary policy could cause markets all over the world to fluctuate wildly, he developed a complicated way of speaking that came to be known as “Fedspeak.” Here’s an example: It is a tricky problem to find the particular calibration in timing that would be appropriate to 2/9/2016 12:17 PM 3 of 56 stem the acceleration in risk premiums created by falling incomes without prematurely aborting the decline in the inflation-generated risk premiums.* Greenspan has admitted that such remarks were not really intended to be understood. Asked to give an example by commenting on the weather, Greenspan replied, I would generally expect that today in Washington, D.C., the probability of changes in the weather is highly uncertain. But we are monitoring the data in such a manner that we will be able to update people on changes that are important.* Page 70 2/9/2016 12:17 PM This tells us nothing about the weather...
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