...¬¬¬Animal testing is always on the debate through the past century with the rapid development of technology and medication industry. Animals are used in generally three purposes Biomedical and behavior research, Education, and Drug and product testing. With the development of these industries, animal testing becomes a hot topic. On one side, people tries to protect animals since they think all the organisms are equal. On the other side however, scientist and some anthropologists who stand on human’s perspective point out that all the efforts we have paid to try to be nice to animals are just because we are humans and we are the dominant force on this earth. The better position should be --- we as humans should protect animals since they live on the same planet as we do, but the first priority of all the creatures are to survive which is very cruel but very true. Therefore, humans have the right to make their lives better by conducting a certain level of animal testing. Animal testing is essential for human beings to cure their diseases. The record of animal would be traced back to at least 2000 years ago with the first record made in the third century B.C. In Egypt, philosopher and scientist Erisistratus used animals to study body functions. About five centuries later, the roman physician Galen proved that theory by conducting an animal test and finally uncovered the mask of body function (Research Animals, History, n.d). According to the FBR, (Foundation for Biomedical Research)...
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...Animal testing is use of animals in experimental ways for the benefit of biomedical research, and it has been a topic long argued about. To every argument, there are two sides: The American Medical Association (AMA) and the People for the Ethical Treatment of Humans (PETA). AMA’s opinion on the topic states that animal testing is necessary, while PETA highly discriminates it. These two major groups of people have been “at war” with each other on this topic of animal testing in biomedical research for decades. The AMA has recently published an article on this topic titled “Use of Animals in Biomedical Research.” AMA’s argument in this article is effective, they use persuasive techniques to support their claim, and their evidence is clear; however, the author fails to make some of his counterarguments convincing. AMA’s claim convinces you that animal testing is needed for biomedical research in many different, but persuasive ways. For example, they express that without all of the information gathered from animal testing, either man kind will be tested on, or we wouldn’t have the health benefits and treatments for diseases that we have today. In this statement, the author uses appeal to fear, by stating that humans everywhere will pay the price in terms of human pain and suffering, thus increasing fear and prejudice towards the audience. Another way the author uses persuasive techniques to support the claim, is by saying that there are limitations to the use of human subjects such...
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...Journal #1 Word Count – Animal Testing In the world of psychological research, using animals for research testing is a great thing. Scientist have developed and proven many theories through this research. For this journal assignment I read several articles on animal testing and was amazed at the things we as humans have gained through research. We developed cures for major forms of sickness including Tuberculosis, Meningitis, and Parkinson’s disease. As well as perfecting blood transfusions using pigs and the development of insulin using dogs which was later introduced to humans in 1922. So with all these great things coming from research testing on animals, why would people still have a problem with it? Some say it is inhumane to use animals for this but how many human lives would have been lost without the development of cures for some of the diseases mentioned above. Penicillin, which was developed from animal research testing, has saved over two hundred million lives since its discovery in 1928. I love animals just as much as the next person but the number of human lives that have been saved, in my opinion, outweigh the cons of animal testing. On the subject of “if animal testing is ethical or unethical” my opinion is not as strong, mainly because myself and most other people do not know exactly how the experiments are ran. According to the APA, scientists have a strict code of ethics that each must uphold when it comes to animals testing or they will lose their job;...
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...briefly during class a subject regarding animal testing for medical purposes. Should be allowed to test medical purposes on animal rather than human being? From Wikipedia, in the United Kingdom there are approximately 45-70 millions cats and 40 millions dogs. It is also estimated that 3,000 cats and dogs are born every day and 4,000 rats every hour (derelictlondon.com). In other words, I would rather say that if one dies spontaneously after a scientist has realized a test, it would not be a huge damage. On the contrary, when results are positive, they can have amazing affects for the human being, in terms of cancer cure for instance. With animal testing we can discover new medicines and treatments to save millions of people from death. It is a real medical breakthrough for humans. To quote the BBC; “ The case for animal experiments is that they will produce such great benefits for humanity that it is morally acceptable to harm a few animals.” One more obvious counter argument to test medical purposes on animals is there nothing else to test on. Medical research is a difficult and intricate process. The human body is the most complex ‘machine’ and animals are relatively the closest species to us. I will not perceive the use of animals in research as an ethical issue. Testing animals can take place as long as the animal is not suffering and all the benefits will proceed to human beings and improvement medicine. Testing medical purposes on animal doesn’t mean maltreat them. Nowadays...
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...head: George Marcus Student Summary of Animal Testing Is Not Essential for Medical Research Much of today’s medical progress such as; magnetic resonance imaging, computer-aided tomography, vaccines and other medical techniques have not come from animal testing (Greek & Greek, 2004). Test tube research combined with the study of why diseases occur in different people and more funding for medical research is proven methods (Greek & Greek). The week of July 30, 2009, the Food and Drug Administration announced, that 37 experts that the FDA assembled have recommended lowering the recommended dosage of Tylenol. The panel also recommended eradicating Vicodin and Percocet. The recommendation came as a way to battle accidental overdoses of acetaminophen. Acetaminophen overdoses is the principal cause of liver failure in our country which results in about 200 deaths annually (Perrone, 2009). Over 51% of the latest drugs released between the years of 1976 and 1985 were eliminated or had a revised label to show harsh side effects unforeseen from animal testing (Greek & Greek, 2004). Physically humans and animals differ and our bodies process chemicals differently. The sustenance that humans and animals use can be dissimilar, reproductive systems are different along with the average life expectancy (Fano, 2004). With the physical and environmental differences between the species, research can give diverse outcomes in the testing process (Fano). The United States...
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...Throughout history, Animal Experimentation has played an important role in leading to human discoveries. However, with new technology, Animal Experimentation has become obsolete. Nevertheless, experimentalists and companies still choose to test their products on animals in order to prove that the product is safe for their consumers, which is mainly made up of humans. Because companies still choose this method over others, animals from breeders and shelters are subjected to torture and bad living conditions, where they are not protected by law. Animal Testing is an inhumane method of experimentation, and with the technology we have today, it is unnecessary and should not be practiced. So, what is Animal Testing anyway? Animal Testing is the...
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...Animals like mice, dogs, cats, and monkeys have been used in United States laboratories for medical research. The outcome from the research of animal testing has shown incredible results. While some believe that animal testing is unnecessary, it is a necessary evil because with it multiple vaccines have been made, several diseases cured, medical techniques perfected and most testing is done in a humane way. Humans have benefited significantly from animal research. Diabetes affect 1.4 million people in the United States every year. But thanks to animal research scientists have been able to make an insulin that helps keep diabetics levels steady.“Source” Insulin is a hormone produced by beta cells. When you have diabetes your pancreas does not...
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...Mrs. DiGangi Using Animals for Scientific Testing 26 million animals are used for scientific testing each year. In 2013 a poll showed only 39% of people found testing morally wrong, 67% of registered United States voters found animal testing wrong as well. Many people believe animal testing is acceptable and have saved many humans lives. The same poll stated 56% of people, along with elderly people don’t have an opinion on animal testing but don’t care either way. Animals shouldn’t be used for scientific testing because it is inhumane, animals are not reliable testing subjects, and testing on animals is very expensive. Animal testing is cruel and inhumane. Many of the animals being tested on are subjected to force feeding, inhalation, deprivation of food or water, physical restraint, infliction wounds and burns. One of the tests used on the animals is the draize eye test which is used for cosmetic companies and shampooing products. The test evaluates irritation caused by shampoos or other products, rabbits are the testing subjects and they are incapacitated in stocks with their eyelids held open with clips for multiple days so the product doesn’t get blinked away. The USDA reported in 2010 over 97,123 animals suffered pain during the various tests they go through; most of the animals were given no anesthesia for relief. (Animal) Many people think these tests are normal and just save our lives, or help cures. These tests or experiments they do on animals may save lives but,...
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...millions of animals undergo painful suffering or death as a result of scientific research into the effects of drugs, food additives, cosmetics and other chemical products. While most people think animal testing is necessary, others are upset by what they see as needless suffering. This essay looks at some of the positive and negative aspects of animal testing. Many medical treatments and procedures have been developed from experiments on animals. Since animals share many features with humans, scientists use animals to test the safety and effectiveness of newly developed drugs before pilot testing on small groups of patients. Medical teams practice new operating techniques such as transplants on animals. Without animal testing, many procedures or new drugs would be extremely unsafe. However, many people are concerned that animals are suffering unnecessarily and cruelly. They do not believe that every new drug needs to be tested on animals, especially with the huge database of knowledge and modern computer models. They also are worried that many animal tests are ineffective, pointing out that any drugs have had to be withdrawn from the market despite extensive testing. They particularly feel that animal testing should not be used for non-essential products such as cosmetics, shampoos, soaps, and cleaning products. Furthermore, some campaigners would like to see certain tests replaced and more humane methods used. We need to make sure that the millions of animals who are used...
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...TO END COSMETIC TESTING ON ANIMALS Tests that use animals to assess the safety of cosmetics and personal care products—such as lipstick, mascara, shampoo, and cologne—are still extremely common in the United States. It's estimated that thousands of mice, guinea pigs, rats, and rabbits suffer and die in these tests every year in the U.S. alone. Each ingredient in a cosmetic or personal care product that needs to be tested can be run through the tests listed below. Pain relief is rarely provided and the animals used are always killed at the end of each test. Statistic: There are an estimated 300,000 animals that die each year during cosmetic animal testing. Modern science is replacing last centuries animal tests with kinder, faster and more humane ways to provide safe products to consumers without killing animals. Around The world: People in Australia are petitioning their government to introduce a national ban on cosmetic animal testing. In Brazil cosmetic animal testing was banned in January of 2014. In Canada people are working with politians to end cosmetic animal testing. In India national cosmetic animal testing was banned in June 2013 and there was an import ban effective November 2014. Here in the United States there are leading efforts to support federal legistlation that will phase out animal testing and prohibit the import of tested products. (hsi.org) (human society international . org) There is no reason to kill millions of animals each year when...
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...Introduction Every year, millions of animals are killed by the cosmetic companies to test their products. These companies use powerful drugs and lotions upon innocent animals to record the fatal side effects only to repeat the experiment over and over again regardless of the creatures’ pain and suffering. They also give various reasons to justify the cosmetic animal testing. The cosmetic companies claim that they test on animals to establish the safety of their products and ingredients for consumers. These companies also feel that they are safeguarding the environment. However, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) states that the companies do not require animal testing for cosmetics and alternative testing methods are available. In addition, there are no laws specifically demanding the testing of cosmetics on animals. The extent to which animal testing causes pain and suffering, and the ability of animals to experience and comprehend them, is a subject of much debate. Not only is animal testing inhumane, it is inherently inaccurate. United States government should ban animal experimentation for cosmetic products because it is torturous, unethical, and destroys uncounted animal lives. While thousands of animals are killed every year in the United States in product tests, there is no law that requires these tests to be done. Many large and small companies have announced moratoriums or an outright end to product tests. However, there are still a few companies that refuse...
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...Scientists putting animals through suffrage through medical research, but in any case, it is not contested, but on a scale it often is. There is an up and downstream of whether animal experimentation is a part of good science and also result in medical breakthroughs for humans. Depending on whether the progress may have achieved by any means. Millions of animals each year in the United States are experimented on for testing to help find cures and medicine for sick people/patients. Toxicity of medicine is put into animals and take the risk of whether or not are tests are successful or not so we can research further more. Research is led into saving lives, but what about the ones that are tested for hours on end and spend days in cages without...
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...alternatives AND ethics Searched on www.bing.com Alternatives to Animal Testing, Alternatives to Animal ... The Truth About Vivisection Opinion: Teaching Science Without Harm | The Scientist . (Vivisection OR Animal Testing) ethics AND alternatives AND statistics Searched on www.hotbot.com Animal ethics: Animal experimentation - the facts - BBC Animal Testing and Ethics - Santa Clara University The Three R's: The Way Forward - Center for Alternatives to ... 11 Facts About Animal Testing | DoSomething.org | Volunteer ......
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...Animal Testing Introduction The application of animals to test a large number of products from household compounds and cosmetics to Pharmaceutical products has been considered to be a normal strategy for many years. Laboratory animals are generally used in three primary fields: biomedical research, product security evaluation and education. (Animal Experiments) It has been estimated that approximately, 20 million animals are being used for testing and are killed annually; about 15 million of them are used to test for medication and five million for other products. Reports have been generated to indicate that about 10 percent of these animals are not being administered with painkillers. The supporters of animal rights are pressurizing government agencies to inflict severe regulations on animal research. However, such emerging criticisms of painful experimentation on animals are coupled with an increasing concern over the cost it would have on the limitation of scientific progress. (Of Cures and Creatures Great and Small) Around the world, animals are utilized to test products ranging from shampoo to new cancer drugs. Each and every medication used by humans is first tested on the animals. Animals were also applied to develop anesthetics to ease human ailments and suffering during surgery. (Animal Experiments) Currently, questions have been raised about the ethics surround animal testing. As a result several regulations have been put in place to evaluate and control the...
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...Animal Testing Traditionally, animals have been used to ensure the safety of our consumer products and drugs. Yet around the world, scientists, regulators and animal protectionists work together to develop alternatives to their use. The use of animals in the life sciences dates back to ancient Greece and the earliest medical experiments. To learn about swallowing, physicians cut open into the throat of a living pig. To study the beating heart, they cut open into its chest. For centuries physicians and researchers used animals to enhance their knowledge about how the various organs and systems of the body functioned, as well as to hone their surgical skills. As long as animals have been used in experiments, people have expressed concerns about such research. Questions about the morality, necessity, and scientific validity of animal experiments have arisen since those ancient physicians first began to study bodily functions. Alternatives are methods, which refine existing tests by minimizing a! nimal distress, reduce the number of animals necessary for an experiment or replace whole animal use with vitro or other tests. While vivisection has received more attention and funding, clinical and epidemiological (studying the natural course of disease within human population) studies have had a much more profound impact on human health. In fact, clinical and epidemiological evidence linking smoking to lung cancer was established long before warnings of the dangers of smoking...
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