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Ankle Synthesis Essay

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There are multiple types of electrical stimulation, including but not limited to, high-voltage pulsed electrical stimulation (HVPS), neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Each can be used in different parameters, altering their effects on injured tissue in the target area. One thing each form have in common is their ability to depolarize sensory nerves, motor nerves, pain nerves, and muscle fibers directly. In the case of a lateral ankle sprain, electrical stimulation in combination with cryotherapy is a modality of choice because of its effectiveness in reducing swelling, edema and pain. But recent studies have shown, that TENS units in particular may be the unit of choice, so what should ATs be utilizing the most?

Ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries that affects athletes of all ages and in all sporting activities. Most ankle sprains result from damage to the lateral structures after a stress is placed on an inverted and planter-flexed foot. Sprains are graded based on severity and are rated from mild (grade 1) to severe (grade 3) (3). Following injury, most athletes experience pain, edema, and experience functional limitations (2). A common way to treat a lateral ankle sprain is through a form of electrotherapy, sometimes in …show more content…
When the modality is placed on the skin, heat transfers from the skin to the cold modality until the temperatures are equal. The effects of cryotherapy include vasoconstriction, decreased metabolic rate, decreased inflammation, and decreased pain. It can be safely applied to most musculoskeletal injuries, such as ankle sprains, throughout the entire healing process (4). Recent studies have looked at the effects of cryotherapy in combination with electrotherapy to see if pain reduction and threshold are

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