The result of the three studies cited in this annotated bibliography support the statements in our text book. Specifically, the subsections of the chapter, ‘‘Theoretical Issues”, “Adolescence and Adulthood”, and “Cognitive Development” all discuss the importance of proper childhood development and how it shapes the human behavior throughout different stages of the life cycle. The theoretical issues indicate that children’s development is governed by maturation, learning from experience, and critical periods. During this critical phase if a child goes through maltreatment and neglect, they can have negative effects on child development, academic accomplishments, cognitive development, and intellectual repercussions into adolescence and adulthood.