Answer 1: Allowing personal communication in a business organization can be a hindrance to the productivity of the work force , [ [ in the sense that allowing personal communication means allowing non business related exchanges of information and feelings among the work force which affects the worker's attitude , thus affecting the performance of the workers thus this gives a negative productivity rate.

Answer 3: You can format your headings as noun, questions, or gerunds (–ing phrases that function as nouns), [ just make sure you remain consistent. Nouns as Headings Questions as Headings Gerunds as Headings Plan Draft Revise Edit Proofread How Do I Plan an Essay? How Do I Draft an Essay? How Do I Revise an Essay? How Do I Edit an Essay? How Do I Proofread an Essay? Planning Drafting Revising Editing Proofreading

Parallelism in headings
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Parallelism is a tool that writers use to create balance in their writing. This balance helps readers understand what they are reading because they know what to expect and can clearly see the connections between ideas.
Parallelism can be used effectively in parts of sentences, items in a résumé, bulleted lists and headings in a report. In this article, we will look at how to use this tool in headings.
What is parallelism?
A sentence is parallel when the items listed in a series share the same grammatical structure:
Melissa hoped to graduate from college, find a job and buy a car.
[These are all infinitive phrases sharing to.]
For more information on basic parallelism, read Parallelism with items in a series.
How do I make headings parallel?
Headings are used to give a title or subtitle to a section of a document. They provide structure for a document and help readers find information more easily.
Related headings should have a similar structure. A writer who forgets this rule might create a confusing set of headings like this: • Analyzing the information • Plan the document • How do I write the document? • Editing • Evaluation of the process
You can make headings like these parallel by making sure you use the same structure each time. For example, you might start all the headings with a verb or an -ing word, or make each heading a question:
Using verbs • Analyze • Plan • Write • Edit • Evaluate
Using -ing words • Analyzing the information • Planning the document • Writing the document • Editing my writing • Evaluating the process
Using a question format • How do I analyze the information? • How do I plan the document? • How do I write the document? • How do I edit my writing? • How do I evaluate the process?
Do all my headings have to be parallel?
A document may contain many headings and subheadings that are often described in terms of levels. For example, the major headings in a document are called level one headings, while the subheadings under a major heading are called level two headings, and so on.
For your headings to be parallel, you must use the same structure within a given level. For example, if you choose to start level one headings with a noun, then all level one headings must start with a noun. However, the structure can vary between levels. In other words, level two headings do not need to have the same structure as level one headings.
Parallelism has been used effectively in the set of headings and subheadings below. The level one headings are all verbs, while the level two headings are all questions:
Analyze
• What is the purpose of the document? • Who is the target audience? • What information is available?
Plan
• What type of document should I write? • How do I write an outline?
Write
• How do I make the document easy to read? • How do I make the document easy to understand? • How do I make the document easy to use?
As this list shows, as long as you make headings within each level parallel in structure, your readers will be able to find information more easily.
Emphasize on

Answer 5: Factors for effective graphic design: Organization of Elements, The Use of Graphic Elements, Choosing the Right Colors, Color Consistency, and Focus on Readability.

Visual Factors play a big part in public speeches and business presentations. Through visual aids, the presenter will enjoy easy access of information needed during the speech. [ This will give the presenter more time to concentrate on how the data is presented and interact with the audience. Tools in public speeches can cause success as much as they can cause failure. While your visual aids could help you give information packed speech, you might end up giving a boring speech. What you might do is merely concentrate on what was written instead of interacting with the audience to provoke interaction. Visual aids should be properly used so that it can become a tool for a better presentation instead of additional burden during presentation.

Answer 6: Good communication skill means the ability to be understood, but it also means more than that. Have you ever noticed how good conversationalists have the ability to light up a conversation and inspire others to join in? You can learn to be like that too. Remember - any good conversation is a two-way process. It's only as good as the responses you get - but you can really improve the number and types of responses you get by honing your communication skill.
Here are a few aspects of what it means to have this skill to initiate and sustain an interesting, enjoyable conversation that everyone feels better for having participated in.
1. Use language and images with are familiar to your listener
You shouldn't really be surprised if you don't get much of a response if the people you're talking to don't understand you or can't relate to what you're talking about, can you?
A conversation is not the time to show off what big words you know or how much more knowledgeable you are than the person you're talking to.
2. Watch your tone
As well as the words you use, you will no doubt be aware you can change the tone of your voice to portray a different meaning. You wouldn't speak to your boss in the same way you would reprimand your child for stepping into the road, would you?
In any conversation, you need to make sure that your tone is right if you are not to offend the people you are talking to or make them worry about answering you.
3. Be respectful
It's a fact that we 'get on' better with people who are like us. All that means is that we find them easier to talk to. We know they will share a lot of views that we have - or at least if they don't, they will respect out views and not shout us down without allowing us to speak.
Good communication skill is about letting other people speak their mind too.
4. Stick to the point
Don't try to 'steal' a conversation by changing the point just because you don't like it or can't think of anything to add on the topic - that's pretty bad manners!
5. You don't need to be the center of attention
Good conversationalists are happy to share the limelight and they don't feel the urge to steer the conversation round to focus on them or if they do, they withstand the urge!
If you find yourself trying to steal the show often, slow down. Try to focus a little more closely on what is being said. That should give you some ideas of a question you may want to ask which develops the topic of the conversation or asks for clarification.
6. Know when it's appropriate to change the subject
Whether you were the one who started the conversation or not, change the subject when there appears to be nothing new to say or when others begin to fidget or act bored. That glazed eye look is always a dead give-away!
7. Don't ask too much
There's a difference between a conversation and an interrogation- or there should be! Firing too many questions at people without giving any of your own information back makes people feel pressurized and uneasy, so don't do it.
8. Sound and look interested in other people
There's a world of difference between giving someone the third degree and expressing a friendly interest in what they're saying. Face the person you're talking too and use an open posture with unfolded arms, leaning forward slightly but not too close to them that it becomes unnerving.
Eye contact is also great for making people feel valued when you talk to them. Let them know you're listening by acknowledging statements with a nod, comment or a question when appropriate.
9. Open-ended questions are best
People with good communication skill get other people talking. A good way to do this is by asking open-ended questions which can't just be answered with a simple 'yes' or 'no'.
10. Have something of interest to say
Keep up with current affairs and trends and take an interest in what is going on in the world around you. That way you should always have something interesting to say - and that's a pretty useful start for a conversation!
So you can see that you don't have to be born with good communication skill - there are just a few areas you need to think about and then it's just a matter of practicing.
Answer 6: the information provided might be too little that the requirement for the introduction is not necessary at all... in cases where an introduction is needed, that means the information that was actually gathered is broad.

Case Study

User: A Reply To An Erring Customer CASE I A Reply Sent to an Erring Customer Dear Sir, We thank you for your letter of the 23rd instant with a cheque for Rs. 25,000/- on account. We duly sympathize with you on the difficulties expressed by you in collecting your outstanding accounts. However, as you are well aware, we do feel that we could expect more from you on this issue. We do appreciate that you have been forwarding small remittances from time to time, but you would agree that the debit balance against youur a/c has been steadily increasing during the past twelve months and now it stands at a considerable total of Rs. 85,000/- Having due regards to the past many years, during which, you have been a customer of this house and a generally satisfactory character of your account, please note that we are reluctant to resort to harsh measures. We must, however, insist that the existing balance should be cleared off by regular installments of say Rs. 10,000/- per month. We would highly appreciate if the first installment reaches us by the 7th of the next month. In the meantime, we have to advise, though most reluctantly, that you shall pay cash for all further goods; but as a special gesture, we are allowing you an extra 3% discount in lieu of the credit. We shall be glad to hear from you about this arrangement. In default, we shall have no alternative but to close your account and place the matter in some other hands. Yours truly, Questions: 1. Comment on the appropriateness of the sender’s tone to a customer. 2. Point out the old – fashioned phrases and expressions. 3. Rewrite the reply according to the principles of effective writing in business.
Answer 1:

The letter should have begin with a paragraph that brings out the general situation (conditions) as a context in which the reader’s request was considered and also indicated in a neutral or friendly tone the reasons that would lead to a negative information/refusal. In this situation the sender’s tone is rude and harsh, should have avoided.

The sender could not convey message in a tone assuring the reader that the negative message decision is arrived at after a careful and thorough consideration of the total situation and facts that cannot be altered by the sender or the decision maker.

Sender did not meet the basic rules of curtsy. There is a tone of harshness and threat of account termination in the sender’s wordings. The sender’s tone is not appropriate when communicating to a loyal customer of many years and has a satisfactory account character. The wordings of this letter should be appropriate to concisely convey the company policy decision and to pursue the reader to take remedial action

The sender should be more reasonable when it comes to merchandise and should have a customer service help line. This line seems more on the schemes side. [ We do appreciate that you have been forwarding small remittances from time to time, but you would agree that the debit balance against your a/c. They should start letter off with your name and have an id number to keep track. have their name at the end of the letter. I don't know about this it seems very fishy about this situation. How long have you been going through this matter? ]

Answer 2;

2) Point out the old – fashioned phrased and expressions:
a. is to hand
b. what you say as to the difficulty
c. we have a right to expect
d. we are reluctant to resort to harsh measures
e. place the matter in other hands