Interview one:
Dr. Deborah Gewertz and Frederick Errington

English literature, one undergrad anthropology course. Blew her out of the water, 1960. He taught her ways people lived in an engaging manner. Intellectual home. Subject matter was to live differently and freely than she had ever done before. Or to analyze the way other people live. Graduate degree city university New York. Went to mackny the same as Fred, a different place away from New York City, the last unknown away from the city. It was the thing to do at the time, to leave. She does not think it is acceptable to do field work far away from home. Share their tribal secrets with them, singular terms of humanity, write them in an ethornogophy. Fred dads was a scientist, did well in biology. Expanding your own experience, adventures, see things that most people wouldn’t see other perspectives.

Let’s listen to
Dr. Regna Darnell tell us more about linguistic anthropology
Began with Boaz who taught himself linguistics when he wanted to study languages that had not been written before he had done fieldwork with them. First eskimo, later various north west coast languages. Do it yourself linguistic in terms of field work. Out of all his students, Saphir was the only one who came out as a professional’s linguist. But in the late 19 century there was no professional linguist so up until 1925 founding society of The Linguistic Society of America (LSA). The linguist were in language departments, mostly german or they would do anthropology or working with American Indian and making up linguistics. Tribe North American Indians, linguistics is what made people close to one another, similar. Migration patterns and relationships. Sound changes. Culture hisorty of north America.

A general characteristic of post-colonial states is that they are politically and economically weak. Let's listen to Dr. Robert Foster, University of Rochester in the United States, explain why these weaknesses occur.
There are some paponigans said that Australia did not do Paponigenia the favor in subjecting it to a strong form of colonialism against which they themselves could have reacted to it. One thing of the post colonialist, south pacific, especially in the south western pacific, is that, with the exception of New Caledonia, which is still a colony, and west papua which is also a colony of Indonesia. The nation states were brought into being more by the United Nations and the decolonized powers than they were grass roots anti colonial protest movement. (they create strong national identities) the legacy of colonialism with respect to national identity is very weak

English Transcription
Christine Jourdan’s Interview with Professor Pierre Beaucage
Jourdan: Can you tell us about Gunder-Frank’s thesis, known as the ‘development of under-development’? Beaucage: This thesis, one of the variants of social activist thought in the social sciences at the time, was presented in a very simplistic manner by Mr. Gunder-Frank.
What Gunder-Frank tells us is that the development of the First World (hereinafter the
North) results from that of the Third World (hereinafter the South) and this development in the North rests on the under-development of the South. This is a rather simple form of dialectics: the richer the North, the poorer the others are, and things can only function in this way. Well, this is a rather fetching analysis because of its simplicity, but in practice things are not quite like that. Of course, countries in the South have been, and still see their resources taken away by transnational corporations and international debts. Many case studies have shown that this is truly the case. However, some countries in the
South managed, at different times in their history, to pull away from the control of the
North, which is said to be absolute and complete.
Jourdan: Which countries, for instance?
Beaucage: Mexico, Argentina, Brazil between 1930 and 1960, for instance. Over a 30- year period, these countries industrialized. They underwent urbanization and developed their education systems and social services. Subsequently, they were recaptured in the net of imperialism, large international companies and international agencies. But this happened because their leaders betrayed them and allowed it to happen. They were not obliged to do it. All the while, when these countries were going back under the control of
Western countries (the North), some countries of Southeast Asia, such as South Korea,
Hong Kong, Singapore, which in the first instance were encouraged to industrialize by the West, took control of their own development and became extremely dangerous competitors for the Western countries

In linguistics, the absence of any natural or necessary connection between a word'smeaning and its sound or form.
Arbitrariness is one of the characteristics of all languages. Although there are some words that exhibit an apparent connection between sound and sense (see sound symbolism), such words are comparatively rare. See Examples and Observations, below.
See also: