...Globalization is the principally new step in the development of the long-term process of internationalization (transnationalization) of the economic, political, cultural, legal and other aspects of the society's life, at the point when interrelationships between the national socials have reached such a level, when some drastic changes within the entire world community gradually transforming into the integral society institute, became inevitable. The level of economic, scientific, technological, legal and informational interrelationships of the national industries have reached a point, when at least three principally novel features are imminent. First, the world's economic community, formerly seen as loosely connected multiple countries, is gradually transforming into the integral economic system, with national societies now representing the constituents of the integral world's economic body. Second, while conditions of globalization, national and global economic issues are swapping roles. With the development of international financial and other markets as well as production-sale structures, the global economic relationships more and more acquire the role of leading and governing structures. Even internal affairs of large and powerful countries, not to mention the remaining ones, are forced to adapt to the realities of the global economy. Third, globalization process objectively leads to elimination and weakening of the regulatory functions of the national state, which...
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...Anti- globalization The global movement is broadly critical of the policies of economic neoliberalism, or “corporate globalization,” that has guided international trade and development since the closing decades of the 20th century. Varied communities organizing against the local and national consequences of neoliberal policies, especially in the global South, connect their actions with this wider effort. * Industries have no respect for the environment. Large companies install their factories in third world countries, where environment legislation is more lax or almost nonexistent, they don’t only endangered, irreversibly, the biodiversity of the planet but also the native populations. * Massive inflows of foreign investment in developing countries cannot be effectively absorbed, especially in regard to environmental protection and workers' rights. This is because developing countries standards and enforcement mechanisms are not as well established. * Workers are seen as having their traditional lives irreversibly disrupted by globalization and/or being treated less favorably than the same multinationals would treat those in developed countries. In this instance, it is often recognized that local political sovereignty may not be enough; global rules are needed to ensure that multinationals can't exploit workers. * Countries' individual cultures are becoming overpowered by Americanisation. Several of the largest US brands (McDonald's and Starbucks) face particular...
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...Environment Topic: Pro-Globalist Vs Anti-Globalist Pro-globalist vs. Anti-globalist, the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations, addressed the force of globalization in his quote, “It has been said that arguing against globalization is like arguing against the laws of gravity. What is Globalization? It is the integration of the world, technologically, economically and politically, wherein the barriers between the national borders are removed to facilitate the flow of goods, capital, services, labour. Global production has created global markets which offer extraordinary growth for organizations in terms of growth & profits. It has led to sharing of ideas & technology, which further leads to innovation and technological progress. However, it is also blamed for increasing the gap between rich and poor, destruction of the environment, and threatening human rights. In the last three years, the anti-globalization movement has staged protests at meetings of the World Trade Organization, the European Union, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the World Economic Forum, and the G-8. Globalization is a powerful real aspect of the new world system, and it represents one of the most influential forces in determining the future course of the planet. Globalization has many dimensions: economic, political, social, cultural, environmental, security, and others. Different people have different interpretations on Globalization. Due to these different interpretations...
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...Chapter 2. Globalization in Question 1. “Pro” vs. “Anti” Globalization: The New Divide For a number of years, the question of economic globalization—i.e., the interdependence of national systems of production and exchange and the ―financialization‖ of the world (revealed by the American subprime crisis in 2007)—has polarized public opinion. The problems stemming from economic globalization dominate the news: the outsourcing production in search of cheaper labor costs; the decreasing efficiency of national juridical and fiscal regulation; the waning of the very idea of sovereignty; the growing constraints within which politicians can act; the emergence of a small class of the immensely rich alongside the billions of poor; the rise of new financial actors—pension funds, hedge funds, and sovereign wealth funds—capable of destabilizing or seizing control of entire realms of the economy; and the emergence of China and India as new global economic actors, as their companies storm the industrial bastions of the United States and Europe. Should one be for or against globalization? Can we turn our backs on globalization, and return to national or regional systems of production and exchange that are autonomous, even autarkic? Is the large cosmopolitan corporation the new leviathan—a monster that must be slain—or a force for human progress? It is tempting to reduce the debate over the economy of the twenty-first century to a simple alternative: being for or against globalization. Yet in...
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...Anti-Globalization Movement “Anti-globalization Movement is a disputed term referring to the international social movement network that gained widespread media attention after protests against the World Trade Organization (WTO) in Seattle, WA in late November and early December 1999. Activists and scholars debate whether it constitutes a single social movement or represents a collection of allied groups, a "movement of movements." (Engler, 2007). The Anti-globalization movement opposes different types of social, economic, and ecological injustices that are believed to be the consequence of globalization which are against globalization. Participants of the Anti-globalization movement oppose political powers of large MNCs, and the powers of trade agreements. Corporations have been accused of seeking to maximize profits at the expense of undermining labor standards, environmental conservation principles and the integrity of national legislative capacity. Activists of the Anti-globalization movement seek global integration that provides better democratic representation, advancement of human rights and more egalitarian states. Anti globalization is argued from several points of view, the environmental aspects of globalization, human rights, nationalism (mostly economics), and heterogeneous. Allowing that many of the groups that anti globalization are single focus groups, the different groups do band together to create interest in their causes. The environmental aspects...
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...intransigence to globalization policies and processes is one of the most significant political developments of the last decade. However, to speak unusually of “resistance” is itself something of a misnomer. For just as globalization must in the end be recognized as comprising a multiplicity of forces and movement, including both negative and positive dimensions, so too must the resistance to globalization be understood as applying to highly complex, contradictory, and sometimes ambiguous varieties of struggles that are an assortment from the radically progressive to the reactionary and conservation. “Globalization” itself is one of the most highly contested terms of the present era passionate advocates and militant critics (Kellner, 2002). By the 19th century debates raged over whether the global reach of the capitalist market system and the disturbances it brought were producing a beneficial “wealth of nations” or generating an era of exploitation and imperialism. For the Marxist tradition, globalization has since suggested an oppressive hegemony of capital, and after the Great Depression and World War II many critics have discussed the manner in which a discourse of modernization emerged to celebrate the growth of a globalized capitalist market system against its ideological and geopolitical competitor, state communism. Conceivably the most noted form of resistance to globalization at the end of the 20th century was first popularly termed the “anti-globalization movement,”...
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...DEFINITION;- Globalization is defined as increasing process of interdependence and interconnected between different political, social and economic components of the World. It is the way in which World is seen as global village. HISTORY OF GLOBALIZATION;- During the 19th century, globalization approached its modern form as a direct result of the industrial revolution. Industrialization allowed standardized production of household items using economies of scale while rapid population growth created sustained demand for commodities. In the 19th century, steamships reduced the cost of international transport significantly and railroads made inland transport cheaper. The transport revolution occurred sometime between 1820 and 1850. More nations embraced international trade. TYPES & ASPECTS OG GLOBALIZATION;- These are some types and aspects of globalization. ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION;- Economic globalization is the increasing economic interdependence of national economies across the world through a rapid increase in cross-border movement of goods, service, technology and capital. Whereas the globalization of business is centered round the diminution of international trade regulations as well as tariffs, taxes, and other impediments that suppresses global trade, economic globalization is the process of increasing economic integration between countries, leading to the emergence of a global marketplace or a single world market. Depending on the paradigm, economic globalization can be...
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...its social problems "dumping" to the importing country, in the form is to enable the latter to lose their jobs, reduce wages and force the importing country interest to make it more competitive price structure. Social dumping - profile "anti-dumping hot spot analysis" dumping refers to a country or region exports to operators to lower the domestic market the average price of a normal or even below cost price to another country's market to sell their products, acts aimed at defeating competition opponent, to capture the market and, therefore, to the importing country the same or similar products, manufacturers and industry suffered losses. Anti-dumping, by definition refers to a country (importing country) against the dumping of other countries for their own counter-measures taken by the act. Stronger trend of globalization of trade, countries tend to protect their own industries also will be stronger, anti-dumping has become adopted by the majority of the country's main trading protection system. With the world economy and trade relations between the continuous development of international market competition intensified in almost all countries the declining tariff levels and economic development imbalances, international dumping and anti-dumping even more intense struggle. Its original meaning refers to the use of inmate labor and production labor or other forced labor...
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...Globalization is a political, economic and cultural process and technology is one of the drivers which has accelerated this process of globalization. As a result the impact of globalization is more pervasive and research has examined this impact of globalization process on cultures and cultural identity. This review examines and evaluates the research made by two groups, cultural imperialism group and anti cultural imperialism group. These groups have opposing views regarding the consequences of globalization on cultures. According to the cultural imperialist group, globalization can have a homogenizing effect on culture, whereas the anti imperialist group sees it as a hybridized effect. Recent studies (Morris, 2002; Arnett, 2002; The UN, 2003) have analyzed the process of homogenization and hybridization from different prospectives; therefore, there are some different views about this process. Morris (2002) who belongs to the anti cultural imperialist group makes a valid argument that no culture is pure because all cultures interact with each other and she is of the view that exchange of cultural elements is multidirectional. Morris explains the process of hybridization by claiming that cultures are resilient. This is because they absorb and adapt foreign cultural elements to suit local circumstances. Therefore, she argues that some cultural elements which were once considered foreign, now become part of the deep structure and they are considered as traditional cultural...
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...Sunflower Movement in Taiwan The Sunflower Movement, which was an Anti-Globalization Movement represented a sophisticated understanding movement of globalization from the university students of Taiwan. Between March 18 to April 10, 2014, hundreds of university students and other protestors occupied the chamber of parliament of Taiwan (Legislative Yuan). On March 17, day before the occupation began, the legislature's Internal Affairs Committee was about to begin a three day debate on the Cross-Strait Services Trade Agreement (CSSTA). However, the CSSTA chairman, Chang Ching-Chung, and a member of Taiwan's governing party of the KMT (Kuomintang), had abandoned and bypassed the committee's review and moved straight forward for legislative approval. The opposition Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) immediately objected strongly on the floor of the chamber once they recognized the action of the Chairman. On March 18, around three hundred students gathered outside of the Legislative Yuan building, protesting to the Ma Ying-Jeou's government for mishandling the CSSTA. They expressed their frustration by the hasty review of the CSSTA, and demanding an article-by-article review of the trade agreement before moving it to the legislative floor. Finally, the government agreed to postpone the adoption of CSSTA and allowed the Internal Affairs Committee reviews all cross-strait agreement before passing for approval. Students waited until all cross-strait agreements had passed before they...
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...Globalization Worksheet 1 Globalization and You p. 1 Worksheet 1 Globalization and You Students study the Powerpoint file on “Globalization and You”, and then answer the questions below. Brand names 1. Do you know what 2. Have you ever 3. Where did you kind of products used these use such or services the products or products/services brand names services? If yes, ? provide? how many products or services have you used? Please give a in the boxes below. Disney Theme parks, movies, stationery, etc. Amazon Book purchase, etc. Microsoft Software, etc. McDonald’s Food, drinks, toys, etc. Going on the Internet, Yahoo searching for information, etc. Intel Computers, etc. Globalization Worksheet 1 Globalization and You p. 2 Brand names 1. Do you know what kind of products or services the brand names provide? 2. Have you ever used these products or services? If yes, how many products or services have you used? Please give a in the boxes below. 3. Where did you use such products/services ? Sony Stereos, T.V., computers, etc. HSBC Banking services, etc. CNN News information, etc. Coca Cola Drinks, products with company logos, etc. Nokia Mobile phones, etc. Nike Sports goods, sneakers, sports wear, etc. Levi’s Jeans, etc. Globalization Worksheet 1 Globalization and You p. 3 Brand names 1. Do you know what kind of products or services the brand...
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...communication and exchange. The term is sometimes used to refer specifically to economic globalization: the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology. However, globalization is usually recognized as being driven by a combination of economic, technological, sociocultural, political, and biological factors. The term can also refer to the transnational circulation of ideas, languages, or popular culture. Definitions An early description of globalization was penned by the American entrepreneur-turned-minister Charles Taze Russell who coined the term 'corporate giants' in 1897. However, it was not until the 1960s that the term began to be widely used by economists and other social scientists. It had achieved widespread use in the mainstream press by the later half of the 1980s. Since its inception, the concept of globalization has inspired numerous competing definitions and interpretations. The United Nations ESCWA has written that globalization "is a widely-used term that can be defined in a number of different ways. When used in an economic context, it refers to the reduction and removal of barriers between national borders in order to facilitate the flow of goods, capital, services and labour... although considerable barriers remain to the flow of labour.... Globalization is not a new phenomenon. It began in the late nineteenth century, but its spread slowed...
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...List of Contents 1. Background 3 2. Globalization Problems 4 3. Types of Globalization 5 3.1 Economical globalization 5 3.2 Political globalization 5 3.3 Social globalization 5 3.4 Cultural globalization 5 4. Pro or against globalization? 6 4.1 Advantages of globalization 6 4.2 Disadvantages of globalization 6 4.3 Institutes 6 5. Conclusion 7 6. Sources 7 1. Background Globalization is simply becoming world-wide or making it world-wide. It exists at a lot of places in different sizes. Globalization is to create a good world economy. This could be done by big multinational companies. The reason why I mention the multinationals is because of the influence that they (can) have on the economy worldwide. After all, the world trade plays the biggest part in it. However globalization and the free world trade don’t automatically mean that the well-being is divided all over the world. But where did it start? Who started it and why is it so important for the well being of the world? Well, the globalization existed during different levels/steps. People/companies with power from the past created our current globalize civilization. The first level was when the South conquered the North and applying economical structures. Consequences were the slavery. The second level was the colonization. The North plundered the South, recreated maps and set up one religion and forced their language to be the official language. The third level...
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...Pro Globalist V/S Anti Globalist People around the globe are more connected to each other than ever before. Information and money flow more quickly than ever. Goods and services produced in one part of the world are increasingly available in all parts of the world. International travel is more frequent and international communication is commonplace. Globalization is a fact of economic life and it has now become a very controversial topic and the growing number of various economic and social issues all around the world has focused more attention on the basic assumption of globalization and its effect. Globalization may be defined as the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture. It describes the interplay across cultures of macro-social forces. These forces include religion, politics, and economics. Globalization is believed to leave the poor behind. Without capital, you cannot gain from integration. And the poor have next to no capital. Trade reforms do create both winners and losers and it might not always be politically feasible for the former to compensate the latter. If the losers from trade turn out to be the poor, then trade reduces social welfare, where all the weight is put on the welfare of the poorest. Exactly the opposite would be the case if trade reduces poverty and unemployment and makes low-skilled workers better off. Importantly, adverse distributional consequences...
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...today. It can come in the form of bribery, embezzlement, fraud, blackmail, or extortion and can be small-scale involving a sector of a company, or large-scale seeding through government or an entire market. More recently has been the rise of globalization and anti-corruption legislation and organizations, all of which pose a real threat to the existence of corruption and unethical corporate behaviour in international business. Risks of displaying unethical corporate behaviour such as bribery and corruption includes repercussions in the form of anti-corruption indictments or public relations disasters and reputation damage resulting from negative publicity surrounding poor moral actions. Some economists argue that bribery and small-scale corruption is essential to doing business in some host nations and market, and others argue that in the long term, participating in unethical behaviour has negative impacts on both the local economy and the parties involved. Multinational corporations constantly involved in international business dealings can do three things to stop corruption: (1) - have ethical standards or company-wide moral codes in place to avoid having employees involved in unethical corporate behaviour, therefore making anti-corruption legislation easier to regulate, (2) – they need to use their resources and effects on local markets as leverage to discourage corruption in any economy, and (3) - discontinue business in that market if neither of those are viable options...
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