...Historical Paper “The era can be summed up in two words: breadlines and debt (McCabe 12).” This quote is a great description of the time period the book To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee took place. Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird is a book about a young girl growing up in a small town in Alabama. Throughout the book, there are many historical references including the Jim Crow laws, mob mentality, and the Scottsboro trials. One of the very first historical references in To Kill A Mockingbird is the Jim Crow laws. The Jim Crow laws were a set of laws that were made to separate Blacks and Whites (Pilgrim). They separated colored people from white people and made a mindset among people that white people were better than Blacks (Pilgrim)....
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...freedom riders were people who used interstate transportation to oppose the segregation laws in the south. This film showed two different organizational issues. The issues in the film are important, and as a result some of these issues affected the outcome of history. The social pressures of this film impacted the strength of the organized freedom riders and what they desired to accomplish. The outcome of what could happen to people if they participated in this movement affected the organization and their personal decision who got involved. The legal and ethical responsibility of police are both enforced and disregarded in this film. The two organizational issue facing this period were the freedom riders who opposed racism, and the police enforcing the Jim Crow laws and upholding racism. The two organizations had very different views during this movement. The freedom riders cause was clearly stated, and people defending desegregation and equality took action. Segregation during this period, in the south, was highly enforced. The freedom riders used song to communicate and strengthen their spirits. They received mistreatment from authorities because they would not allow their spirits to be broken. The police at this time felt the riders came down to cause trouble. Their organization issue was to stop the desegregation of blacks. They felt anyone who disregarded the Jim Crow laws was breaking the law; therefore, the police had a duty to arrest many of the freedom riders. The film is...
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...civil war the South introduced laws, which were called Jim Crow laws. These laws forced segregation of the blacks in the South. With the start of segregation of blacks the civil right movement started. The peak of segregation was during 1950s. The South promoted segregation with saying that the segregate but the facilities, which the blacks had to use were equal. This was a big lie. In this essay I try to explain the major reasons why there was segregation in the South during the 1950s. Before the American Civil War the South had a big plantation economy, where they planted rice, sugar, cotton, tabacco and the major plantation economy in the South, sugar. The plantation economy was the biggest economy in the South due to the climate and it was the closest point to Africa from the New World called USA. The short distance to Africa pushed Slavery in the USA. All the owners of the plantation had African slaves who worked for them. This changed after the Civil War when Slavery got abolished and therefore the plantation economy ended. The plantation economy ended because the whites believed that this was only a job for blacks. As I mentioned earlier was the plantation economy the biggest economy in the South but when Slavery ended the South got poor, farming rural area. Moreover the South believed in the supremacy of the white race and they were in fear when slavery ended that this system could get mixed up therefor the South introduced Jim Crow laws. Laws which segregated the blacks...
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...As we walk through our schools and communities, we see one thing, segregation. Is this segregation caused by a corrupt society though? No. It is merely people living and socializing where they feel it is most affordable and comfortable. Individuals in society live to their own standards, producing their own living conditions. Residential segregation and school segregation are two concepts widely viewed as a result of white racism. These two notions, however, are not connected by the popular scapegoat of racism, but by the effects caused by what are suitable and appropriate living conditions for people. Residential segregation is defined as “the physical separation of cultural groups based on residence and housing,” which sorts different populations into their own sectors (Schaeffer) (1). The main “issue” of residential segregation is the wealthier white community not allowing blacks to move into their neighborhoods, which is true in some atypical cases. However, it doesn’t make sense why anyone would want to live in a neighborhood where they feel threatened or unwelcome, pertaining to the minuscule amount of neighborhoods that still practice racism. Real estate companies are assumed to sell certain properties to individuals based on race. Yet, this point is not valid. Buyers give real estate agents a budget for what they can afford and this is the factor that limits them to specific neighborhoods. Statistically, minorities’ average income is less than that of a white person...
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...Victoria Price and Her Mother * Victoria Price – born in Fayetteville, Tennessee * Victoria lives with mother, Mrs. Ella Price – unpainted shack in Huntsville * Victoria – Confident young woman, arrogant, pretty * Victoria worked in mills – almost 10 years (Earned good money) * Known as prostitute throughout Huntsville and Chattanooga * Mrs. Russell – Neighbor of Prices’ ; Victoria cause of divorce between Mr. and Mrs. Luther Bentrum ; Caught Victoria one morning – lying in backyard unconscious with a man in her lap Plausibility of the Charges Questioned * Girls pressed no charges against Negroes – changed mind until put into custody * Victoria Price – Enjoys attention and publicity; The case meant nothing – showed no emotion and seemed unbothered by experience as long as they are charged with death penalty * Ruby Bates – Against position Victoria put her in; People at trial thought she was slow and stupid; Victoria wanted trial to hurry so death charges will be against Negroes The Trial * April 6, 1931 – 5:45 in the morning – nine Negroes locked in county jail at Scottsboro * Thousands of people from nearby countries and states – came for trial – only people with special permits allowed in The Return to Huntsville * March 25 – 10 in the morning; couldn’t find any work at mills, returned home to Huntsville – train * Met seven white boys – Ruby; did not speak to boys but Victoria talked, laughed, sang with them; Victoria declared...
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...Kindermann 1 Catherine Kindermann Mrs. Bernard English 10 24 March 2015 Racial Segregation Do you think that racial segregation was ethical or unethical? Well during this time in American history, blacks had to follow the Jim Crow laws. They were not allowed to sit or eat with whites. Also when they finally decided to do something the bus boycott was to first thing that they turned to. I believe that racial segregation was unethical. The Jim Crow laws had a big part of how blacks were treated during this time. For example, a black male could not offer his hand or any other part of him to a white woman because he could be accused of rape (Pilgrim). Also a black male could not offer his hand (to shake hands) with a white male because it implied being socially equal (Pilgrim). Another Jim Crow law that blacks had to follow is that they couldn’t show public affection toward one another because it offended whites (Pilgrim). So blacks could not do all the same things that whites could do. Which isn’t showing that “all men are created equal?” Also blacks were not allowed to sit with or eat with whites. If a blacks and whites were allowed to eat at the same restaurant, whites were always served first (Pilgrim). Also a partition had to be placed between blacks and whites (Pilgrim). Also if a black person were to ride in a car driven by a white person, the black person had to sit in the back of the vehicle (Pilgrim). The Kindermann 2 same thing goes for when...
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...Assignment 2: The Statutes Sara Barboza Dr. Joseph McCue PAD 525 Constitutional and Administrative Law October 18, 2015 INTRODUCTION The word miscegenation comes from the Latin words miscere (to mix) and genus (type, family, or descent) and has been used to refer to cohabitation or intermarriage between racial groups. Regulated by state law, miscegenation was illegal in many states for decades. However, interracial marriage in the United States has been fully legal in all U.S. states since the 1967 Supreme Court decision, Loving v. Virginia, that decreed all state antimiscegenation laws unconstitutional. Many states, of course, had chosen to legalize interracial marriage much earlier. According to a May 14, 2012, Huffington Post article entitled “Interracial Marriage Statistics: Pew Report Finds Mixed-Race Marriage Rates Rising,” the 1980 Census (the first to collect data on interracial marriage) reported that 3% of all married couples were from different races. The number had risen to 8.4% (one in twelve couples) by 2010. Looking at marriages recorded in the years between 2008 and 2010, we find that 22% of newly-married couples in Western states were of different races or ethnicities, compared to 14% in the South, 13% in the Northeast, and 11% in the Midwest. QUESTION 1: Analyze and evaluate each case independently by providing the following (about two paragraphs per case): LOVING V. VIRGINIA CASE. 1. Facts of the case: In 1958, Mildred Jeter, a black woman...
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...ruled the society. For example, Blacks had to enter through the back door (Lambert 14). There were double standards in the community. Blacks were not allowed to enter through the front door because it was only for Whites to enter from. According to James Silver, a professor at Ole Miss, “A closed society, is where citizens not only showed little awareness of a larger world, but exhibited open hostility to “outside” opinion, especially those that were at odds with Racial segregation, white supremacy, and States Rights” (Lambert 139). There is segregation within the society, open hostility to outside opinions. Prior to any beginnings of a Civil Rights movement, white supremacy and the closed society were established through Jim Crow Laws. Jim Crow Laws were created and separated...
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...Jim Crow During 1876 through 1965 Jim Crow Laws were created for racial segregation in the United States. The laws allowed public segregation in public facilities such as schools, restaurants, and public transportation to name a few between white and black people. These laws followed the black codes which restricted the civil rights and civil liberties of African American with no pretense of equality. Being born in Georgia had its advantages during the Jim Crow era for me as a young child. Although my father was a construction worker and my mother was a domestic worker I thought my life was set because, I was able to go to work with my mother and play with the white children that she took care of. I was also taught how to read and write. Once I school age; My mom no longer took me to work with her and so I was no longer able to play with my white friends but it didn't matter because I had made new friends that look like me. One day in class I realized that it wasn't any white people at my school I asked my teacher why and she explained that according to the laws of the state I wasn't allowed to attend school with white people. I was shocked with all of the information that she had giving me about these so called laws; That I had made up in my mind from that day forward that it didn’t matter who attended my school, I would do whatever it took for me to achieve in order for me to have a life just as good as any other race. Being determined to be better I was so...
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...society are born out of the white race. These concepts are a direct product of the White race. It is white culture. When we give honor to these ideals we give honor to our ancestors and our White Christian culture. Is this wrong? We don't think so. Is it wrong to instill this sense of pride and appreciation for our White Christian culture in our children? We don't think so. Many people around the world can agree that America has the best government bar none. We have many more freedoms in America than anywhere else. True, there are politicians in Washington D.C. working around the clock chipping away at our liberty, but thanks to the foresight of our founding fathers America has held out the longest against the global, race mixing, homosexual, anti-Christ forces working to wipe out White...
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...The Coca-Cola Company Struggles with Ethical Crises "Coca-Cola has the most valuable brand name in the world and, as one of the most visible companies worldwide, has a tremendous opportunity to excel in all dimensions of business performance" (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2008). However, as proven in this case study, Coke has a lot on their plate as the biggest brand name in the world. Ethical issues throughout different aspects of the company, and with multiple leadership changes in the last ten years, Coke has some catching up to do. The company has been involved in racial discrimination, misrepresenting market tests, manipulating earning and disrupting long-term contractual arrangements with distributors. Neville Isdell, the new president of Coke is currently working to improve their reputation cause by some of the problems presented next. The Coca-Cola Company Struggles with Ethical Crises Coca-Cola History Coca-Cola is the world's largest beverage company that operates the largest distribution system in the world. This allows Coca-Cola companies to serve more than 1 billion of its products to customers each day. The marketing strategy for Coca-Cola promotes products from four out of the five top selling soft drinks to earn sales such as Coke, Diet Coke, Fanta and Sprite. This process builds strong customer relationships, which gives the opportunity for these businesses to be identified and satisfied. With that being said, customers will be more willing to help...
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...Running head: COCA-COLA ETHICAL ANALYSIS Coca-Cola Ethical Analysis Coca-Cola Coca-Cola is a reputable company that has been a recognizable brand in the United States since it’s creation in the late 1800s. Rapidly expanding in the international market, Coca-Cola has proven to their competitors they are innovative, forward-thinking, and here to stay. After the untimely death of CEO, Roberto Goizueta, Coca-Cola has experienced various ethical dilemmas. These ethical dilemmas have had a direct impact on Coca-Cola’s business relations, stakeholders, corporate culture, and financial advancements. By thoroughly examining ethical issues of the past, resolving legal grievances, and consulting third party organizations Coca-Cola is striving to regain the trust of consumers and business partners worldwide. Background Stakeholders are various parties who are directly or indirectly affected by the decisions and/or actions of a company. Throughout Coca-Cola’s history their business endeavors have had both positive and negative impacts on members of society. The primary stakeholders such as; employees, customers, investors, government agencies, community organizations, and shareholders are essential for a business to survive. However, the direct impact a company may experience from the influence of secondary stakeholders such as; media, trade organizations, and special-interest groups may also contribute to a company’s downfall. The constant changes in top level...
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...Law Seminar & Brief: Chapter 8 ANCILLARY CONTRACTS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL SALE OF GOODS TRANSACTION. Ancillary contracts are additional or supporting contracts between one of the main contracting party with third party for commercial transactions. Freight forwarder offer intermodal services to export goods on behalf of shippers or cargo owners. Common services that freight forward provide are: full-service documentation, export packaging and container stuffing, marine insurance, letter of credit negotiation and analysis, consolidation and deconsolidation services. International freight forwarder can be either ocean freight forwarder or air freight forwarder. The international transportation is unimodal when goods are carried with only one mode of transportation. While the goods are carried by more than one mode of transportation is multimodal. If the goods are transported by see, an ocean bill of lading and ocean waybill are important documents for the contract. Container is used for ocean shipment and can be door to door or consolidated. A door to door is when exporter provides full container load, otherwise goods are taken to a container freight station to consolidate with the goods of other exporters. When goods are transported by air the Air waybill will be provided by the carrier, who will be liable for damage of goods. To ensure goods against losses during transportation exporter can buy insurance. Marine insurance is the most common to the international exporter...
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...THE COMMITTEE OF SPONSORING ORGANIZATIONS OF THE TREADWAY COMMISSION (COSO) Introduction The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission was organized in 1985 and was jointly sponsored by five professional organizations, American Accounting Association (AAA), American Institute of CPA (AICPA), the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) , the Association of Accountants and Financial Professionals in Business (IMA), and Financial Executives International (FEI). Each sponsoring organization appoints representatives to periodically work together on specific projects. The goal of COSO is to provide leadership through the development of frameworks and guidance on enterprise risk management, internal control and fraud deterrence to enhance organizational governance and decrease fraud 1. The History of COSO and the Creation of the COSO Framework Due to the public criticisms against both accounting professionals and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the Treadway Commission was formed in 1985 to inspect fraudulent financial statements, especially in the aspects of reliability and accuracy. In 1987, the Treadway Commission issued its first report on fraudulent financial reporting. COSO was created because of this report. In 1992, COSO released the report titled Internal Control-Integrated Framework, which defined the concept of internal control and established a framework on how to make internal control systems work effectively. The...
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...Electoral fraud is illegal interference with the process of an election. Acts of fraud affect vote counts to bring about an election result, whether by increasing the vote share of the favored candidate, depressing the vote share of the rival candidates, or both. Many kinds of election fraud are outlawed in electoral legislation, but others are in violation of general laws, such as those banning assault, harassment or libel. Although technically the term 'electoral fraud' covers only those acts which are illegal, the term is sometimes used to describe acts which are legal but nevertheless considered morally unacceptable, outside the spirit of electoral laws, or in violation of the principles of democracy. Show elections, in which only one candidate can win, are sometimes considered to be electoral fraud, although they may comply with the law. The Election System: Structural Problems India is a Republic composed of 28 States and 7 Union Territories and governed by the constitution adopted in 1950. The Parliament consisting of the Upper House with 245 members and the Lower House with 545 members is the supreme law making body. The Lower House members are directly elected through universal adult franchise every five years unless the government loses its majority and mid-term elections have to be called. A similar structure exists at the State level where the Chief Minister and the Council of Ministers reign supreme. A three-tiered Panchayati Raj System, consisting of the zilla parishad...
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