Premium Essay

Anti-Tobacco Stereotypes

Submitted By
Words 710
Pages 3
One way media can be used to achieve prosocial effects is through persuasive public health campaigns. Achieving this positive media effect is challenging due to the complexity of both creating effective messages and the emotional responses of individuals who choose to engage in unhealthy behaviors. This challenge provides ground for rigorous media research into how features of health messages engage mental processes that underlie message effects. The experiment reported here is designed to contribute new insight into how media producers can meet the challenge of producing effective health messages. The objective of this study is to advance understanding of how anti-tobacco videos are processed and responded to by smokers.
According to the …show more content…
A number of experiments now provide evidence indicating that the use of such content can elicit defensive reactions from the viewers that potentially decrease the likelihood of the targeted audience adopting message recommendations (Clayton, Leshner, Bolls, & Thorson, 2016; Leshner, Bolls, & Thomas 2009; Leshner, Bolls, & Wise, 2011). Highly intense negative content in current anti-tobacco videos may backfire with smokers. This indicates that message producers are not aware of the practical implications of the existing germane research. However, this also indicates that researchers need to further investigate smokers’ response to messages in order to generate actionable insights concerning how to effectively use forms of negative emotional content in anti-tobacco videos. Research that bridges this gap has the potential to increase the cost effectiveness of anti-tobacco campaigns by decreasing the extent to which resources are wasted on producing messages that are likely to backfire. Another practical issue is that many of the anti-tobacco messages that have been produced recently are more effective at preventing individuals from smoking, rather than encouraging them to quit. While this is an important effect, it should not be the only focus of an anti-smoking campaign. One of the largest predictors of adolescent smoking is the smoking-related attitudes and behaviors of the people closest to them (Flay et al., 1994). In addition, reaching smokers while they are young is an important part of convincing them to quit. A recent study found that young adult smokers, aged 18-24, have higher cessation rates and are able to quit smoking with greater ease than older adults (Messer et al.,

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Engineer

...HAVE YOU EVER WONDERED... - a poem for anti-smoking campaign by Ernell C. Ordoñez SMOKE, SMOKE, SMOKE; NOT ONLY YOU, ALL THAT SORROUNDS INCLUDING ME; ARE DRENCHED BY THE STENCH AND MAKES ME CHOKE. EWW THAT STINKY SMOKE ON MY NOSE; I THOUGHT IT WILL KNOCK ME OUT COLD; WITH JUST ONE POP OF YOUR USUAL DOZE. MAY IT BE DAY OR BE NIGHT; DAD, NO MATTER WHO IS AROUND YOU; YOUR SMOKE WILL ALWAYS TAKE IT'S FLIGHT. I REMEMBER WHEN I WAS LITTLE; YOU CARRY ME, MAY IT BE SITTING ON YOUR LAP, OR AROUND YOUR NECK LIKE A CAMEL. YOU DON'T MIND IT AND LIT A STICK; I NEVER WRONGED YOU FOR DOING SO; CAUSE I KNOW YOU WILL BLOW IT FAST, AWAY, AND QUICK. MOM USUALLY TELLS YOU TO STOP; THERE IS A CHILD AROUND YOU, THAT'S ME; BUT YOU JUST SAY, I BLEW NOT BELOW BUT TO THE TOP. MOM ALSO SAYS DON'T BE STUPID AND THINK; THE CHEMICALS INHALED THROUGH THE SMOKE; WILL STICK ON ALL LUNGS LIKE AN INK. BUT I DON'T MIND IT AND I THOUGHT IT WAS FUN; CATCHING THAT WHITE THING AFLOAT IN THE AIR; WIGGLING MY ARMS AND CHASING IT AS I RUN. BUT ALL THE FUN ENDED WHEN I BLACKED-OUT ONE DAY; MOM TOOK ME TO THE HOSPITAL CAUSE I CAN'T BREATH; THEN A SHOCKING TRUTH OF WHAT THE DOCTOR HAS TO SAY. MY BODY IS WEAKEND I AM SICK AND I CRY; THE DOCTOR SAID I HAVE A LUNG CANCER; EVERYBODY WAS SAD AND I ASKED WHY? AM I GOING TO...

Words: 266 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Business Ethics in Marketing

...Ethics in marketing and advertising Ethics is a branch of philosophy which seeks to address questions about morality; i.e. about concepts, such as good and bad, justice and virtue, right and wrong. In other word, we can say that Ethics are moral principles that govern the actions and decisions of an individual group. It is governed by a set of principles of morality at a given time, at a given place and in a given society. Ethics is closely related to group behavior in ultimate analysis, thus norms for an individual to follow should be set in consistence with the group norms. The mixing of art and facts in advertising communication are submissive to ethical principles. In today’s competitive market, an advertisement has to be truthful and ethical. The credibility of an organization is lost If an advertisement is misleading. To view the truth in advertisement, it has to be seen from the consumer’s point of view and not from the legal point. The advertising industry has been frequently criticized for putting out misleading or exaggerated claims in respect of products, goods and services. It is also alleged as guilty of glorifying certain habits or tendencies regarded as undesirable and encouraging consume rest culture. However, it is very difficult to draw a clear line of difference between what is true and what is untrue. The advertisement is judged by its impact and its acceptance by the consumers. The product must fulfill the claims it’s advertised...

Words: 4126 - Pages: 17

Premium Essay

Proslavery Vs Pro Slavery

...of taking care of their wellbeing, they would be provided with food, clothes and even offered religious teachings. They further say that Slavery was the core reason for the prosperity of the nations as it was one of the major exports of U.S. in those eras. According to proslavery authors, the slave's position in the society was of the lower social standards being treated as a commodity which was bought and even sold as well as doing odd jobs like domestic servants, seamstress, etc. A decidedly smaller percentage would work as laborer’s or carpenters, masons, or blacksmiths. It was hard to find a slave who would work in a mill or factory. The majority of slaves would be field hands, picking of cotton, planting, and harvesting of rice, tobacco, also sugar cane....

Words: 606 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Legalizing Marijuana

...pertaining to the politic standpoint of marijuana verses cigarettes and scientific medical analysis of marijuana verses cigarettes. This research is meant to explore the multifaceted aspect of marijuana, cigarette trends, and the correlation between their recent waves of popularity. We will explore the historical facts of past tobacco trends to the present marijuana movement including widely held attitudes and beliefs about both substances. The thesis of this research will be to explore the differences between marijuana and cigarettes and social stigmas. Including the shift in popularity between tobacco and marijuana the MJ activist group known as NORML supporting the legalization of cannabis, while anti tobacco organizations have increased to ban cigarette smoke in public places. This research will conceptualize the meanings behind the negative stigmas associated with drugs legal and illegal influence. The problem is a double standard between the political views of marijuana and cigarettes. The political perspectives seem to be focused on public stigmas about the substance(s) rather than deciding drug laws based on medical science. Marijuana and tobacco have a shared relationship in the type of substance use. Framing theory will be used to explore four correlations in the aspects of: (1) Marijuana short and long term effects, (2) medical pros and cons, (3) recreational use and political standpoints, and (4) the social stigma. The hypothesis of this research is that there...

Words: 5541 - Pages: 23

Premium Essay

Marijuana

...the exact opposite of what it set out to do. America should have known prohibition wouldn’t work, it didn’t work against alcohol, and instead it led to the creation of organized crime and production of more alcohol than ever before. There were more speakeasies or bars open during the days of prohibition, then there are currently open in America today, and our population is nearly triple of what it was back then. Why prohibition of marijuana has lasted this long is unknown by most people, other than the government. The government provides the most amount of money towards marijuana research each year. But most of those studies are discarded because they go against the government’s purpose for keeping marijuana illegal. Marijuana has the stereotype of being the most dangerous drug in American history, even though there aren’t any documented deaths of marijuana in its four thousand year...

Words: 2380 - Pages: 10

Premium Essay

Legalization of Marijuana

...Legalization of Marijuana Medical and Recreational Uses Cullen Fitzsimmons ITT Technical Institute Authors Note This research is being submitted on August 17, 2015 to Hugo McPhee’s GS1145 course at ITT Technical Institute by Cullen Fitzsimmons. Abstract I decided that a very controversial subject was that of the legalization of Marijuana, both for medical and recreational use. I found that there are many health benefits to medical marijuana. There also can be many benefits to the recreational use/sale of marijuana. Like all controversial topics there cannot be positives without the negatives. Some of the negatives are accessibility to children, gateway drug and impaired driving. The legalization of marijuana has been a long debated and often heated subject. The federal government has not legalized the recreational use of Marijuana, but that did not stop four states from legalizing it with in their own borders. Through the course of this paper I tend to discuss the many pros and cons of the legalization of Marijuana. There are two main ways of legalizing marijuana; medical use and recreational use. Positives Currently there are four states and Washington D.C. that have passed the legal right to recreational marijuana, Alaska, Colorado, Oregon, and Washington. Besides the medical benefits from marijuana there are also multiple reason why making it legal is a good thing. Colorado has seen a recent drop in crime rate. According to Rough (2015) “violent crime...

Words: 1584 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

General

...A Role of Ethics and Social Responsibilities in Management. Ethics can be defined as a process of evaluating actions according to moral principal of values(A.Alhemoud). Throughout the centuries people were trying to choose between profit and moral. Perhaps, some of them obtain both, but every time it could have roused ethical issues. Those issues concern fairness, justice, rightness or wrongness; as a result it can only be resolved according to ethical standards. Setting the ethical standards for the way of doing business in corporation is primarily task of management. Corporations have to maintain the same standards as an individual person and, in addition, corporations, as organizational units, have their own social responsibilities toward customers, employees and society. However, any business should keep it's original purpose of functioning - making profit. Balancing the traditional standards of profitability and burden of social responsibilities is not an easy task. In recent years it has been a trend of setting standards of corporate ethics according to high degree of morale. To be able to keep the ethical standards management must follow the law. However, there are some complications in enforcing it. The law affects and is affected by social forces and prevailing ethical standards. "Although the law can codify societies ethical ____________________________________________________________ ____________ Alhemoud, Ali " Management Ethics is Smart Business." ...

Words: 1166 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Causes of Civil War - Notes

...economy By 1840 - 50% of US exports was cotton / was providing 50% of the world supply / providing 75% of England’s supply 1/5 of workers tied to the textile industry but cotton also drives northern economy - needs cotton for textiles (supporting abolition and making $ off slavery). Different economies of the North and South between 1815-1861   North: Industrial Abolition slavery No need for slaves They didn’t need cheap labors like slaves because of the immigrants. Machines were starting to replace jobs of humans. Less labor intensive: e.g. clothes free market, protective tariffs, Zinn said this was the main reason for divide South: Agricultural economy Slaves were an integral part of the South’s economy.   King Cotton Tobacco Large plantation that held lots of...

Words: 2088 - Pages: 9

Premium Essay

Electronic Cig

...visibility and growing popularity. These products, which deliver nicotine via an inhaled mist, have caused no small amount of controversy in public health circles, and their rise has been accompanied by energetic debate about their potential harms and benefits. Methods: Interspersed with an analysis of current media coverage on e-cigarettes and the response of mainstream tobacco control and public health to these devices, this article examines the emergence of nicotine as both as an ‘addiction’ and a treatment for addiction. Results: We argue that by delivering nicotine in way that resembles the visual spectacle and bodily pleasures of smoking, but without the harms of combustible tobacco, e-cigarettes highlight the complex status of nicotine as both a poison and remedy in contemporary public health and tobacco control. Conclusion: In consequence, e-cigarettes jeopardize the carefully drawn distinctions between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ forms of nicotine. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Article history: Received 12 October 2011 Received in revised form 5 January 2012 Accepted 18 January 2012 Keywords: Nicotine Tobacco Cigarettes E-cigarettes Addiction Harm...

Words: 6966 - Pages: 28

Free Essay

Social Marketing

...Summary Media-related commercial marketing aimed at promoting the purchase of products and services by children, and by adults for children, is ubiquitous and has been associated with negative health consequences such as poor nutrition and physical inactivity. But, as Douglas Evans points out, not all marketing in the electronic media is confined to the sale of products. Increasingly savvy social marketers have begun to make extensive use of the same techniques and strategies used by commercial marketers to promote healthful behaviors and to counter some of the negative effects of conventional media marketing to children and adolescents. Evans points out that social marketing campaigns have been effective in helping to prevent and control tobacco use, increase physical activity, improve nutrition, and promote condom use, as well as other positive health behaviors. He reviews the evidence from a number of major recent campaigns and programming in the United States and overseas and describes the evaluation and research methods used to determine their effectiveness. He begins his review of the field of social marketing by describing how it uses many of the strategies practiced so successfully in commercial marketing. He notes the recent development of public health brands and the use of branding as a health promotion strategy. He then goes on to show how social marketing can promote healthful behavior, how it can counter media messages about unhealthful behavior, and how it can...

Words: 11255 - Pages: 46

Free Essay

Road Age

...Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................1 Is Road Rage Just a Media Invention?..................................................................................................... 1 What is Road Rage? ................................................................................................................................2 Stress and Anger .....................................................................................................................................2 Are Some People More Susceptible to Road Rage? ............................................................................... 3 Gender Stereotypes................................................................................................................................4 Intermittent Explosive Disorder.............................................................................................................. 5 Driving Pathology....................................................................................................................................6 Solutions to Road Rage ........................................................................................................................... 7 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................................8 Bibliography...

Words: 4955 - Pages: 20

Premium Essay

Marketing

...Syracuse University SURFACE Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Projects Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Projects Spring 4-1-2007 Ethical Marketing Controversial Products and Promotional Practices Jared D. Cohen Follow this and additional works at: http://surface.syr.edu/honors_capstone Part of the Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods Commons, and the Marketing Commons Recommended Citation Cohen, Jared D., "Ethical Marketing Controversial Products and Promotional Practices" (2007). Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Projects. Paper 596. This Honors Capstone Project is brought to you for free and open access by the Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Projects at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Projects by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact surface@syr.edu. Abstract In the field of business ethics, there has been much written and discussed about ethical matters in areas where there is a distinct right and wrong, but relatively little written about how to make decisions when the ethical issue isn’t as black and white. When marketing a product, it is one’s hope that ethical issues are typically not inherent to the marketer; however, when one has the unenviable task of marketing a controversial product, it becomes a true question of “grayarea” ethics that makes marketing decisions more difficult to make. Companies depend on marketing...

Words: 34438 - Pages: 138

Premium Essay

Hum 176 Week 4 Midterm

...‘ THE BUSINESS OF MASS MEDIA Advertising and Commercial Culture 345 Early Developments in American Advertising 351 The Shape of U.S. Advertising Today 359 Persuasive Techniques in Contemporary Advertising 366 Commercial Speech and Regulating Advertising 374 Advertising, Politics, and Democracy Back in 1993, the trade magazine Adweek wrote about “The Ultimate Network”— something called the Internet: “Advertisers and agencies take note: It has the potential to become the next great mass/personal medium.”1 The prediction was correct, if not understated. The Internet has become a huge medium for advertisers, targeting audiences more precisely than any medium before it. Yet, none of the venerable ad agencies at that time could have guessed that an Internet start-up—Google— would become bigger than the leading multinational advertising holding companies like Omnicom, WPP, Interpublic, and Publicis. Nearly 99 percent of Google’s $16.6 billion revenue in 2007 came from advertising. THE BUSINESS OF MASS MEDIA B 343 ‘ ADVERTISING However, Google is different from the Madison Avenue agencies. It doesn’t design witty, slick ad campaigns. Instead, it facilitates the dull but effective text-based sponsored links that appear in Google searches or on affiliated sites. “We are in the really boring part of the business…the boring big business,” Google’s CEO Eric Schmidt says.2 What Google’s ads lack in creativity, they make up in precision. Google’s AdWords advertising...

Words: 19085 - Pages: 77

Premium Essay

Barbara Jeane Fields Slavery, Race and Ideology

...Barbara Jeanne Fields Slavery, Race and Ideology in the United States of America Two years ago, a sports announcer in the United States lost his job because he enlarged indiscreetly—that is, before a television audience—upon his views about ‘racial’ differences. Asked why there are so few black coaches in basketball, Jimmy ‘the Greek’ Snyder remarked that black athletes already hold an advantage as basketball players because they have longer thighs than white athletes, their ancestors having been deliberately bred that way during slavery. ‘This goes all the way to the Civil War,’ Jimmy the Greek explained, ‘when during the slave trading . . . the owner, the slave owner would breed his big black to his big woman so he could have a big black kid, you see.’ Astonishing though it may seem, Snyder intended his remark as a compliment to black athletes. If black men became coaches, he said, there would be nothing left for white men to do in basketball at all. Embarrassed by such rank and open expression of racism in the most ignorant form, the network fired Jimmy the Greek from his job. Any fool, the network must have decided, should know that such things may be spoken in the privacy of the 95 locker-room in an all-white club, but not into a microphone and before a camera. Of course, Jimmy the Greek lays no claim to being educated or well informed. Before he was hired to keep audiences entertained during the slack moments of televised sports events, he was...

Words: 13261 - Pages: 54

Free Essay

Uncle Tom

...[pic] |题目 |从1852年到2009年对汤姆叔叔的小屋所作 | | |评论的研究 | |英语系 |院(系) |英语 |专业 | |学号 |B06011131 | |学生姓名 |吴何芳 | |指导教师 |Bracher Andy | |起讫日期 |2009年12月~2010年5月 | |设计地点 |第二教学楼 | Acknowledgements Many people gave me support and help in the process of writing the paper. I’d like first to give my grate to my dear teacher, Andy, who generously gave me his kindly help and instructions during the whole process of my paper-writing. Then I’d like to give my many thanks to my classmates who helped me a lot with my information collecting and paper-polishing. Most important of all, I want to give my thanks to my mother university and all the teachers in the English Department, who educated and cultivated me to be a qualified graduate in the future. Abstract ...

Words: 5443 - Pages: 22