...couldn’t be buried because he was an enemy of the state. In the play Antigone, Creon passed a law stating that the brother of Antigone, Polyneices, couldn’t be buried. Antigone went against the law and attempted to bury her brother. In the oil pipeline article, the Indians and other people protested against the workers building a pipeline through their territory because they felt that it was wrong and they needed to do something about it. In the two other articles, people found their own way to protest because something needed to change. People break the law when they feel like something needs to change....
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...In France, women had long been fighting for equality to men by the time Anouilh’s “Antigone” was first performed. In 1971, the “Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen” was written by Olympe de Gouges as a retaliation against the “Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen”, which excluded women (Halsall). When the Anouilh’s Antigone was first performed in 1944, women had formed a multitude of organizations such as XXX. Shortly after the play was had its first performance in France, women received the right to vote and stand for election (Reynolds 2). During a time of political revolution, the play Antigone emulated the discrimination women in France faced at the time; Antigone’s portrayal as an obstinate, strong-willed character shows her resistance against prejudice, such as many women were doing when the play was first performed. The play itself cannot directly achieve considerable change in societal viewpoints; it merely parallels the challenges women encountered. During a performance of Antigone at the Oxford Playhouse in 2010, both Antigone and Creon’s character illustrate the stereotypes of sexes at the time. As shown in a photo of the performance, Antigone sits in a chair, with a...
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...One of the conflicts in Antigone, is the struggle between men and women. Ismene tells Antigone that since birth, women “were not born to contend with men,” (75) displaying women’s obedience and passivity. In the same passage, Ismene says: “we’re underlings, ruled by stronger hands,” (76) a representation of men’s aggressive and “stronger hands” that dominate women and treats them as second-class citizens. The only woman in Thebes who desires to break free from these chains is Antigone, who stands up against Ismene’s passivity urging her to “submit to this,” (77) and defy Creon by burying Polynices. By breaking Creon’s edict, Antigone challenges the traditional gender roles women and men play. In what ways does the theme of gender in Antigone, demonstrate the passion and choices behind Antigone and Ismene’s decisions? Ismene believes that women are “underlings” (76) and not “contend[ing] with men” (76) because she knows that men will always control society. This viewpoint of men’s domination of women depicts Ismene to be submissive to males while being fearful of men’s authority. Ismene is unable to have control over her destiny and decisions because she is fearful of men’s power over women, which leads to her refusing to bury Polynices. Later in the play, Ismene questions Creon’s judgment by saying “you’d kill your own son’s bride?” (641) which indicates that she is now aware that woman should have a voice and power in society. Her new understanding of Antigone’s message gives...
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...Jerry Thomas April 22, 2013 Professor Vredenburg Myths of the Greek World #3 Assignment In our society the roles and equality of men and women are treated as equal. The norms of men and women have changed through history in the U.S. and in countries around the world. Particularly in the eyes of Greek culture, there are many differences in how they portray men and women. They express their views through their stories of Greek mythology. This is best expressed in the Greek plays and stories such as Sophocles’ Antigone and Oedipus the King. In the story of Antigone and Oedipus theKing, male are predominantly superior to women, yet some of the women in the stories transgressed their roles in society to their own. The roles of women in Greek society were very similar to the roles of women all around the world. Their role in society was to be the care takers and was known as nothing more than a child bearer and object of sex. They were portrayed as weaker and obedient to men. In Sophocles play of Antigone, Antigone’s sister says, "We who are women should not contend with men; we who are weak are ruled by the stronger. . . Pardon me if I obey our rulers since I must" (Sophocles, Antigone 61-66). This shows us how typical women act and believe in Greek society. In Oedipus the King, the inferiority of women is shown through the portrayal of Jocasta, being shown as the weaker sex. As we have learned from history, in these Greek plays, the women were played by men, showing that they...
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...The roles of women in ancient Greek tragedies . The ancient Greek society was a society dominated by men, even the plays and proses mostly constituted of heroics of men, like Hercules, Achilles and many other. In such societies , women were considered to be frail and were expected to be submissive to men, a prize of war for victors, and their main role was to support their husbands. However, in many tragedies, women were often depicted as major characters, inkling that women may not have been the weak the submissive characters as they were thought to be. Many well-known Greek plays contained several well-written, complex, and heroic female characters. Each female character took upon herself, the role of villain, the role of victim, and the role of heroine. The tragedies also revealed the problems women encountered in this era within marriage, inheritance and social life when they attempted to break out of their traditional gender roles. Clytemnestra, daughter of Leda and Tyndareus, was probably one of the most recognizable female villains in history due to her partaking in the murder of her husband Agamemnon and his female consort, Cassandra. . in the play Agamemnon by Aeschylus, she was depicted as brutal, treacherous, and cunning woman. Her speeches made the citizens and the audiences to be well-aware of how she would welcome her husband home. “Let there spring up into the house he never hoped To see, where justice leads him in, a crimson path. In all things...
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...From reading Antigone, a person can gather that it is a man’s world back then and the women had little to no say in anything. As the story goes on anyone can see that the writer is portraying the women as a strong, being able to take care of herself and more than capable of her making up her own mind about things that deal with her family and her. The writes shows the difference in the sisters on how the women should act and maybe did act in some cases. I could see a lot of women standing their ground back then as Antigone did. Antigone’ sister Ismene shows how women did as they were instructed to do and listen to the man. Antigone was the one who broke the rules and stood up for what she wanted and did not care what anyone thought. Creon is the leader that made his viewpoints known to everyone about the roles of woman and men. He never hid his thoughts on the general roles of men and woman. Antigone expresses her own convections when it came to the fact that she could not leave her brother out for the animals to come feast on him. Her love for her bother makes her want to break the law and bury him to give him and her peace I feel like. That part of her shows the compassion that a women has for another human being. One of the things that makes Antigone stand out just to start with is when she goes against the law that Creon has set and buries her brother because for it was not right to leave her loved one there to be eaten by other animals. Creon did not see her love for...
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...Women in Greek Society Although modern historians focused on cultural advancements in Ancient Greece, the society remained traditional, in that males assumed a bigger role in most aspect. While men were able to get involved in politics, through a system called polis, women were only confined to oikos, in which they were expected to stay at home and watch their children. Although they had right to their property, this was only possible with the permission of the husband, whom they had to rely on heavily in order to carry out their restrictions, such as going outside. Also, older men married young females, which led the husbands to become overly controlling of their wives. Women and men were expected to live in this manner from early in life, which is shown by the fact that girls were heavily supervised while boys had relative freedom. However, although...
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...Theories of Gender Development Sam Mathews Freud’s Work: 1. Psychoanalytic perspective has viewed gender, sex, and sexuality in an essentialist light 2. Freud’s psychoanalytic perspective has been “popularized” and has become part of our social consciousness 3. Structuralist—mind has an inherent structure (id, ego, superego; unconscious, preconscious, conscious) 4. “Instincts” drive our personalities—life/sexual and death/aggressive 5. Psychosexual stages “track” our development a. Oral b. Anal c. Phallic d. Latent e. Genital 6. Phallic stage is critical in that a “psychoanalytic dimorphism” occurs a. Oedipal/Electra b. Resolution of these stages is key to healthy maturation 7. Freud’s views of women were conflicted—saw them as inherently pathological yet also saw women as intellectual equals a. Pushed to admit women to the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society when no women had been admitted (Dr. Margaret Hilferding, 1910) b. Disagreed on admitting women to the “common” workforce • “it is really a stillborn thought to send women into the struggle for existence exactly as men. If for instance I imagined my gentle sweet girl as a competitor, it would only end in my telling her as I did 17 months ago, that I am fond of her and that I implore her to withdraw from the strife into the calm uncompetitive activity of my home…Nature has determined women’s destiny...
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...Systematic Theology II ___________________ by Peter Heikkinen February 17, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………..….1 SUMMARY…………………………………………………………………………………….1-3 EGALITARIAN EQUALITY…………………………………………………………..1-2 COMPLIMENTARIAN ROLES…………………………………………………….…2-3 CRITICAL INTERACTION……………………………………………………………………3-6 CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………………....6-7 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………………………....8 Introduction Within Christian controversial topics that divide the Church as a whole Woman in Ministry is one of the most divisive. The two main sides of this debate are; egalitarian’s who believe there are no role differences in gender to authority or teaching in the church biblically. The complementarian view also known as the traditional view holds that men have a position of authority before God in church teaching and authority in the church and home governing. James Beck gathers four New Testament scholars two for each side on the issue and sets out to show case two arguments for each side and room for rebuttal in consideration of the New Testament scripture dealing with woman in ministry. With my own view being that of a soft complementation; women have a role in teaching and authority in the home and church setting but man has positional headship of responsibility, this position will be defended with these arguments in this book and other scholarly sources in this paper. Summary Egalitarian Equality The beginning chapter...
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...Being a ‘Team’ Player: The Linguistic Alteration of Identity in Online Communities Dedicated to The Hunger Games In the first chapter of Gender and Language, Penelope Eckert and Sally McConnell-Ginet discuss how the connection between language and gender enables a “continual performance” of gendered interactions (33), which, in turn, enables “social reproduction” founded on the separate categories of male and female. They argue that language not only reflects gendered categories but “constructs and maintains these categories” (34). Being such strong categories, they claim it is “impossible” to escape gendered behavior and not influence others to give gendered responses (50). In a later chapter, Eckert and McConnell-Ginet discuss how “gender schemas and ideologies” are implied and interpreted (203). Using an example from a university setting, the authors illustrate their point that the assumption of gender may not result from “the particulars of our exchange but in familiar gender stereotypes” (204). If no specific clues or pronouns are given during the exchange of information, presuppositions relying on stereotypes often emerge. Not only do stereotypes and behavior fill the linguistic gaps, but the power in individual words alone is a cause for concern. Sally McConnell-Ginet explores this further in her article “Words in the World: How and Why Meanings Can Matter.” She argues that single words can carry multiple meanings in each use whether the speaker means them to or not...
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...countries. There are different ways of measuring this. Comparing annual or monthly earnings shows the difference between what both sexes “take home”, which is interesting from a sociological perspective. However we shall focus on the “gender pay gap”, defined as the “the relative difference in the average gross hourly earnings of women and men working full time”. This shows the difference between the actual “price” of women and men’s labor, taking into consideration the fact that men work more hours on average. How does the gender gap stand today? Despite differences between countries the gender pay gap remains a persistent characteristic of OECD labor markets. In 2006, women earned an average of 16% less than men, per hour worked. … Although we can see a slow but continuous drop over the past few decades in all countries In OECD countries, which are mainly liberal democracies that prone equality and economic efficiency, the difference in wages shouldn’t, theoretically, be directly linked to sex, but to productivity. With the convergence between the sexes, the difference in productivity should be disappearing, and yet the gender wage gap, whilst slowly declining, remains a reality. It is important to address the issue of the gender pay gap,...
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...My Gendered Life A role of any gender is based on a lot of factors such as region, religion, education, language, values, beliefs, attitude and personal experience. All these factors influence the way a specific gender would approach itself and the society. Male and female have been and are still the two biggest genders of our community. For a long time we have acknowledged males as the provider and females as a receiver. Based on this principle our ancestral societies have set up some trends, regulations, responsibilities and etiquettes. I was born in India in an extremely religious family. My parents are Hindus and our family followed the rules and norms accepted by the Hindu society. Growing up I saw my father as the worker and my mom as a care giver. My role as a boy was to take care of my sister, study hard and participate in as many sports I would like whereas my sister stayed home with my mother helping her with house hold activities. During social events women in India mostly wore Saris which are long Indian dresses that cover most of your body and young girls would wear Salwar Kameez which is similar to Sari except it is considered a little more western whereas men could wear anything they liked. At fairly young age I asked my mother once that why all the girls do not wear clothes like the actresses from Hollywood movies and she quickly responded in an upsetting tone that those type of clothes are too revealing and not accepted in Hindu society even though they...
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...plate involved in the printing process. Once it was struck with an image, the imprint became permanent. Stereotyping is generally associated with prejudicial, erroneous, or misleading view of social groups not anchored in direct experience. (Holmberg, 2010) For this reason, it is generally thought that stereotyping is negative, and that it has widespread harmful effects. It can be noted that nearly all humans participate in a certain amount of stereotyping, whether it be from thoughts or values passed down to them through the generations, or views they’ve come to by their own thought process. One particular stereotype that I’ve observed being perpetuated in my own family is regarding gender roles. It is generally accepted in my ex- husband’s family that traditional gender roles should be observed (a woman’s place is in the home and that men should be the sole providers for the family etc.) The boys are raised learning to hunt and shoot guns and are strongly encouraged to participate in sporting activities in school. For the most part, young girls are strictly encouraged to participate in “girly” activities and are not encouraged to join sporting teams or do any athletic activity. In fact, my daughter was even discouraged by both her grandfather and her own father from trying out for the soccer team and the rugby team when she was in high school. As archaic and flawed as it may seem, their reasoning is that girls are inferior to boys, in most aspects, particularly...
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...Johnson and Wales University Sex and Gender. Enrique Lesende Professor K. Barker PSYC 2001 02/06/2012 The words sex and gender are often used interchangeably. However, sex refers to male or female, while gender refers to masculine or feminine (Bland). Therefore, sex includes the biological characteristics that distinguish the two sexes and do not change around the world. Gender on the other hand, comprise the behaviors and expectations a particular society considers appropriate for the two sexes to display. In the societies of the past, the environment further adapted whatever biological tendencies males and females were thought to have had (Kruger). Boys and girls were nurtured to fulfill the specific gender roles anticipated of them. Men were expected to be strong and to support their families by taking on activities outside of the house in both the agricultural and industrial eras. In order for culture and the expectations of that culture to continue, young boys were taught the tasks their fathers performed. When schooling and higher education became available boys were also expected to attend. As society continued to transition, men began taking up higher positions in governmental, medical and business fields (Dunleavy). On the contrary, the feminine role was to care for the children and run the household. Even as communities developed from agricultural to more industrial and continued to evolve subsequently, young girls rarely received a basic education...
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...Anna Quindlen shows us the differences between the genders, and the divide that exists between them, which starts from the first high school dance, where boys and girls are far away from each other, and all the game is about who is going to do the first move. I mainly agree with Quindlen, but there are some points that I have a different opinion, such as the conclusion is which the writer comes. Only one thing is certain• there are not only differences between men and women, but there are also between ages. The first thing I agree with, is that this gap between the genders is something real. Children, from young age, try all the time to come closer to the other gender, and most of the times, without a good result. It is not the fact that they cannot communicate, but the fact that they are so afraid to make the first move, that they end up saying irrelevant things, which do not help the conversation. The writers says that all of us have the memory of “the first boy-girl” party, in which memory there are boys on one side, and girls on the other. That it totally true. Once I read it, the memory came to my mind very clearly. We all had the same experience in our life, and there are always the shy people, and the braver to make the first move. And in fact, children who used to approach the other gender, had the greater acceptance. So, it is demonstrated that there are nothing to be afraid of the relationships with the other gender, and that the person who makes the first move always...
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