ANTIMICROBIAL SCREENING OF BUYO (Piper betel L.) LEAVES AGAINST Escherichia coli AND
Staphyloccocus aureus

A baby thesis presented to the faculty of
Alabel National Science High School
Alabel, Sarangani Province

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
Course Research ii-B

Submitted by:
KRIS CHARMAINE ALMOCERA
ROY REINER OCTAVIO
ADRIAN KIM ABALLE
Fourth Year Emerald / Diamond

Submitted to:
SHIELA P. BUTIL, MST
Research Teacher

March 31, 2012

Republic of the Philippines
ALABEL NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Alabel, Sarangani Province

APPROVAL SHEET This baby thesis entitled “ANTIMICROBIAL SCREENING OF BUYO (Piper betel L.) LEAVES AGAINST Escherichia coli ANDStaphyloccocus aureus” prepared and submitted by KRIS CHARMAINE ALMOCERA, ADRIAN KIM ABALLE and ROY REINER OCTAVIO in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Research II-B has been examined and is recommended for Oral Examination.

SHIELA P. BUTIL, MST Research Adviser

PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination .

DEXTER C. NECOR, MA
Member

SHIELA P. BUTIL, MST
Chairman

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Course Research II-B.

March 31, 2012 NORMA P. RENDON, MA Date Principal

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT A work is not worthy to be considered a success if it is done merely by human strength. Fulfillment is a lot sweeter when done with the help of other groups and important individuals; The researchers would like to express their heartfelt gratitude to the individuals who have contributed a lot in the completion and success of this study; First and foremost to the Almighty God who continuously gives His everyday guidance, strength, grace and the determination in the making of this study for without Him this study would not be possible; To their Research Adviser, Mrs. Shiela P. Butil, who unwaveringly devoted her time and consideration to this study and gave them advices when times seem rough; To Mr. Eddie Tandiaman, the microbiologist and laboratory in-charge of Environmental Conservation and Protection Center Research and Analytical Laboratory (ECPC RAL), who assisted and guided the researchers in the laboratory; To the National and International researchers Panelists, Jenny Joy Claridad, Garry Framer Osias, Jenny Latoja, Jevin Justin Irineo, Daniel John Flourence delos Reyes, Sergia Virgina Gepitulan, Jewelle Mae Solijon, Angelica Tumbucon and Neil Anthony Jamili, who served as panel of judges in the Final Oral Defense; To their loving and supportive parents, Mr. and Mrs. Rolando Almocera, Mr. and Mrs. Pablo Octavio, and Mr. and Mrs. Albin Aballe, who not only supported financially, but for their unconditional love and care which served as their inspiration in achieving their dreams and goals; Lastly, to their beloved friends, love ones, classmates, whom they trusted most and shared their dreams, laughter, and experiences, all of these will be forever cherished and treasured.

The Researchers

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
Title Page i
Approval Sheet ii
Acknowledgement iii
Table of Contents v
List of Plates vii
List of Tables viii
List of Appendices ix
Abstract x
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study 1 B. Objectives of the Study 2 C. Hypothesis 2 D. Significance of the Study 2 E. Scope and Limitations 3 F. Definition of Terms 3
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 5
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY 13
CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 17
CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION 19
Bibliography 21
Appendices 22
Plates 26
Biographical Sketch 37

LIST OF PLATES
Plate Description Page
1 Buyo Leaves 24
2 Study Site 25
3 Day 1 Group Result 26
4 Day 2 Result of S. aureus 27
5 Replication 1 of S. aureus 28
6 Replication 2 of S. aureus 29
7 Replication 3 of S. aureus 30
8 Day 2 Result of E. coli 31
9 Replication 1 of E. coli 32
10 Replication 2 of E. coli 33
11 Replication 3 of E. coli 34

LIST OF TABLES
Table Description Page
1 Average Zone of Inhibition of E. coli and 17 S. aureus in 48 hours

2 Two-Way ANOVA of Zone of Inhibition 17 of E. coli in 48 hours

3 Two-Way ANOVA of Zone of Inhibition 18 of S. aureus in 48 hours

List of appedices
Appendix Description Page
A Zone of Inhibition (mm) of E. coli in 22 24 hours

B Zone of Inhibition (mm) of S. aureus in 22 24 hours

C Zone of Inhibition (mm) of E. coli in 22 48 hours

D Zone of Inhibition (mm) of S. aureus in 22 48 hours

E Researcher Kris Charmaine Almocera 23 measuring Zone of Inhibition

F Researcher Adrian Kim Aballe measuring 24 Zone of Inhibition

G Researcher Roy Reiner Octavio measuring 25 Zone of Inhibition

ABSTRACT

Nowadays, our society is facing different problems just like the increasing price of medicines. That is why the researchers thought to have an experiment about the antibacterial ability of Buyo leaves. Buyo, (Piper betel L.), is a green leafy vine growing as a ground cover or small climber and that is very similar in growth habits to pepper. The plant refers warm, humid conditions but can tolerate some drought. The plant, generally to tender to grow outside of the tropics. In Malungon, Sarangani Province, Buyo is very abundant and the native people said that it can be an alternative medicine in curing different sickness. The mature Buyo (Piper betel L.) leaves were collected from Purok Santan, Malandag, Malungon, Saranggani Province. The collected leaves were washed, dried between filter papers and air-dried. The leaves were cut into small pieces and soaked using 95% ethanol in an Erlenmeyer flask. After 48 hours, the extract was filtered using filter paper and isolated by rotary evaporation. A total of two species of bacteria were utilized namely; Escherichia coli and Staphylococus aureus. There were three replicates in each bacterium. The aim of the present study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of Buyo (Piper betel L.) leaves extract against E. coli and S. aureus. According to the result of the experimentation, the researchers therefore conclude that Buyo (Piper betel L.) leaves extract is potential in inhibiting E. coli and S. aurues bacteria.