3rd Lecture:

Frank and Lillian Gilbert

Studied fatigue caused by lighting, heating and the design of tools and machines.

Time and motion studies • Breaking up each job action into its components • Finding better ways to perform the action • Re-organizing each job action to be more efficient

Contribution of Henri Fayol:

The administrative management was initiated by Henri Fayol, a French Engineer-cum-manager in Europe, mostly known as father of modern management. It is also called process school of management. Fayol stressed the general applicability of management principles. He pointed out that technical ability is more dominating the lower level of management. Managerial ability is more important in the higher level of management. He also stressed that the value of staff to assist line managers in complex organization.

Fayol proposed that all operation in business organization can be classified under six headings— 1. Technical (Production) 2. Commercial (Purchasing and sales) 3. Financial (Funding and controlling capital) 4. Security (Protection of property and persons) 5. Accounting ( Stock taking and balance sheet, costing etc) 6. Administrative activities.

• Classical management theory

The classical management emerged during the early years of 19th century (1900-1930) land these ideas represent the first well developed framework of management. This classical management consists of tow distinct scientific management and administrative management.

• Features of classical management.

1. It was closely associated with the industrial revolution and development of large scale industries which demanded the development of new forms of organization and management. 2. Classical or traditional organization theory is based on scientific