CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the pieces of literature and studies that were found relevant to the topic. An Integrated School Management System plays a great role in simplifying the task of employees at school and gratifying the needs of the customers and officials of the schools. There are different products from different companies that offered school management system to sustain the necessity and will handle jobs such as admission and marketing support, student information and enrollment system, student service management and student performance or the grading system.

Foreign Literature Super Technologies Inc. is an innovative IT company which was established by Rehan Ahmed and Suzanne Bowen in Florida, USA. The company offered different software products for management services such as the school management system. According to the owner, a School Management System is a great on-line support that can help with the daily school management routines and also can save time and get a full control access with the school tasks. The main principle of the system is security – the security subsystem supports dividing users into several groups having its own set of rights for viewing and changing data. The systems’ highest reliability is based on transactions. Transactional system never allows data to be lost or corrupted because of accidents such as electricity failure and hardware malfunction and all the deleted data can be restored. Multi-user can interact with the system to share data over the network (http://www.schoolmanagementsystem.net/SMS).

A School Management System is a huge database system that can be used for managing everyday business of the school. It allows user to store all the school information electronically such as student’s information, properties, accountability, etc. Most importantly, this information can be easily shared with authorized users, records can be easily searched, and reports can be easily generated. School management deals with various activities related to students having 3 main modules namely: Admin module, Student module, and Teachers module. This system is very helpful, thus providing the clients with quality service (http://www.studymode.com/essays/School-Management-System-725533.html).

According to Caldwell (2008) School-based Management is the systematic decentralization to the school level authority and responsibility to make decisions on significant matters related to school operations within a centrally determined framework of goals, policies, curriculum, standards, and accountability. The government of every nation wants to see improvement and transformation of the schools. Transformation is achieved if significant, systematic, and sustained changed had occurred. This will result in an improved outcome for all students in all settings and will contribute to social aspect and economic well-being of the nation. School-based management is a great proposal and a strategy to achieve a globally competitive transformation of the nation.

Local Literature DATALINE Philippines, later incorporated as DATAPACIFIC Corporation is a software development company that provides reliable, secure, stable, maintainable and easy-to-use package and custom-developed IT solutions for small and medium Philippine companies. In 2003, the company developed Campus++. It is an end-to-end fully integrated campus management application that took advantage in strengthening experience that provides reasonable exposure in sector of education. It is a business software solution which seamlessly integrates school management and on-line students, faculties and parents’ web portal with financial accounting, human resource management and other corporate services. Also, this system contains different ready-to-use application modules that can provide service for school admission, enrollment, academic, library, security, library, laboratory and other campus requirements (http://datapacificcorp.com/our-technology/campus/).

MySchoolSMS 2010 is one of the best fully integrated school management software available in the Philippines. It has a very wide selection of school management modules that covers almost all surface of school administration. Being fully integrated, all information from the different modules goes into a single database. This feature makes the software very powerful and gives the users flexibility in implementing rapid customization. Full integration of different modules also results in elimination of multiple encoding of data and saving a lot in personnel expense.

Systems Inc. is an Information Technology company in the Philippines that focuses on offering ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning). The company developed Schoolista, an Online School Management System that is designed to support small and medium scale schools by means of computerizing school operations. Software development is a very broad business and not all schools are financially capable of computerizing the school operation. Even big schools that can afford to have a school management system are having a hard time because the system requires maintenance, server and system administrator, and even technical aspects. It is an advantage for a certain school to have a management information system that is present on different administrative task while providing quality education and ensuring the support for software upgrades. School administrators consider School Management System as a foundation for a better innovation and a new way of promoting quality education that will sustain knowledge to have a morally upright individual preparing to be globally competitive.

CampusCode Inc. is a web solutions and software development company that caters primarily to the education industry. The objective of the company is to innovate and strive to create new, convenient, and efficient products while constantly improving the existing services depending on the demand of the client. It has been a decade since the concept on automating and standardizing school and university processes is gradually spreading. However, execution and implementation have left much to be desired because of some hindrances such as unwilling to invest to technological change. To address the issue, in the late 2008 the company began to developed a system that would not only automate and streamline school processes and workflows, but would also be beneficial enough for the school to grow as the technology grows. The company also identifies to what school process and workflows needed the automation to be able to provide the biggest advantage, for instance, enrollment and data management. Focusing and developing a plan on how to best automate the procedures is what the company’s focal point. Soon after, the team began developing a comprehensive platform that could quickly and easily integrate into any school. After more that a year of testing and development, CampusCode had finally a state-of-the-art school management system that would set the standard for how schools now operate.

Foreign Studies In the study conducted by Degif Teka (2008) entitled “School Management System”, automation is the utilization of technology to replace human with a machine that can perform more quickly and more continuously. This system consist of tasks such as registering students, attendance record keeping to control absentees, producing report cards, producing official transcript, preparing time table and producing reports for teachers, parents, and officials. By automating, SMS documents that took up many large storage rooms can be stored on few disks. Transcript images can be annotated. The system can reduce the time to retrieve old transcripts from hours to seconds.

The paper entitled “Effective School Management System using ICT in Education: Educational Resource Management – Online School Management System of School Resource Centers in Malaysia” describes the latest implementation of an online monitoring system of the ten thousand school libraries in Malaysia by the Educational Resource Management Sector, Educational Technology Division, and Ministry of Education. index-Quality or iQ-PSS is a comprehensive online management system which was deployed via ETD (Educational Technology Division) intranet service line to speed up the process of validating and analyzing the data. This online management system made it possible for the Educational Resource Management Sector to plan, coordinate and improve the development of the school resources centers in terms of physical infrastructure, book collection, management system, and training in line with the current technology as well as the information literacy and reading programs (Gearn, 2009). Local Studies

Active Network's online school management system delivers premier online fee payment, registration and data management tools for schools and districts, administrators, finance personnel and students. Active's simple, web-based technologies help improve efficiency and reduce costs associated with managing school registration, budgeting, fund accounting, fundraising, after-school care, and more. Active's online school management solution streamlines school registration with automatic back-office administration, campus recreation and intramurals, facilities, student data, school accounting, web site content management and enables educational institutions to focus on teaching and enriching the lives of students. The school management software provides convenience for parents and students, and automated administration and financial management for learning institutions and the staff.

Base on the study conducted by ProInfinity (2011), an IT Solutions Company, the School Enrollment Management System is custom-made to fit all learning institutions in the Philippines. It automatically computes for student transactions in enrollment, calculates other charges, miscellaneous expenses and even penalties. A student’s account is entered into the system with corresponding due dates. The other half is the collection of payments made through the Cashier. This procedure updates the status of each student’s liability (balance). This system also has a Credit Memo and Debit Memo module that accepts adjustments on the balances. The School Enrollment Management System is capable of generating necessary print outs such as school charges slip, official receipts, statement of account, student info sheet, receivable list and the day to day collection proof list. Features 1. Payment Management • Prints electronic PR/OR with Accounts Balance, Examination Permit & Important Announcements • Automatic Posting in the student’s Accounts Ledger • Prints the SOA anytime 2. Class Record (with Transmutation Table) –enter score to compute automatically and print the grades on the following: • Form 137 (Permanent Records) • Form 138 (Report Card) • Form 18E/A (Report on Promotion) • Top Performers – for honorees and awardees • List of Failed Students – for performance management 3. Reports – information are readily available with just a point and click of a mouse. • Daily Collection Reports • Receivables & Aging Reports • Enrollment Listing / Statistical Report • Student Performance • Student Listing • Standard DepEd Reports • Comparative Enrollment Growth • And other useful reports 4. Printable Forms - one-time data entry to print the following: • Enrollment Registration Forms • Accounts Ledger & Schedule of Payments • Payment Receipt Synthesis and Relevance to the Study Literatures and studies revealed how a school management system is important to any institution in the country as it lessens and manage the task and promote technological advancements to the society, which benefits the school administrators, employees, and faculties. Building a school management system as stated in the studies also develops opportunities to enrich the educational experience of people. The integration of different school tasks, processes, and workflows in one automated system is proven to be effective as the result of different studies. The most interesting part is that the school administration and employees’ tasks can now be lessen while providing the quality assistance the client deserve.