...Jason Billing Mrs.Werle AP Biology Summer Assignment Chapter 1 – Finding Your Inner Fish 1. Explain why the author and his colleagues chose to focus on 375 million year old rocks in their search for fossils. Be sure to include the types of rocks and their location during their paleontology work in 2004. In 365 million year old rocks the amphibians had characteristics that were not similar to fish, but in 385 million they found fish that were dissimilar to amphibians. The scientists then looked at the 375 million year old rocks to find the missing piece. The rocks were sedimentary rocks in composition which are formed on the bottom of rivers and some seas as well, where most marine life live. Some places they looked were Ellesmere Island, in Canada, a good location due to the lack of human effects on the environment. 2. Describe the fossil Tiktaalik. Why does this...
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...Izabella Zamiatala Period: 5th November 27th, 2012 AP Biology : Chapter 15 Review Questions 1. Cells are equipped with controls that govern gene expression; that is, which gene products appear, when, and what amounts. When control mechanisms come into play depends on cell type, on prevailing chemical conditions, and on signals from other cell types that can change a target cell’s activities. Cells of complex organisms inherit the same genes, yet most become specialized in composition, structure, and function. This process of cell differentiation arises when different populations of cells activate and suppress their genes in highly selective, unique ways. 2. By negative control, regulatory proteins slow down or curtail gene activity. By positive control, regulatory proteins promote or enhance gene activities. Control is exerted through chemical modifications that inactivate or activate specific gene regions or the histone proteins that organize the DNA. For instance, regions of newly replicated DNA can be shut down by methylation, the attachment of methyl group to nucleotide bases. 3. A. Repressor protein: protein that binds with an operator on bacterial DNA to block transcription. A special regulating protein formed in bacterial cells that halt transcription, which is the synthesis of messenger ribonucleic acid (m-RNA) from a specific operon (a group of genes that carry out the synthesis of functionally related enzymes). The number of different repressors...
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...* DNA technology – Methods for studying and manipulating genetic material, has rapidly revolutionized the field of forensics, the scientific analysis of evidence for legal investigators * Has practical applications beyond its use in forensic science * Include the use of gene cloning in the production of medical and industrial products, the development of genetically modified organisms for agriculture, and even the investigation of genealogical questions * DNA evidence was used to solve a double murder in England * Showed that two murders could have been committed by the same person * Showed the innocence of someone who confessed to one of the murders * Showed the absence of a match in 5,000 men tested when the murderer persuaded another man to donate blood in his name * Showed a match with the murder and DNA found with both victims * Biotechnology: The manipulation of organisms or their components to make useful products * Grew out of discoveries made about 60 years ago by American geneticists Joshua Lederberg and Edward Tatum * Performed a series of experiments with E.coli that demonstrated that two individual bacteria can combine genes * Genetic engineering involves manipulating genes for practical purposes * Gene cloning leads to the production of multiple identical copies of a gene-carrying piece of DNA * Recombinant DNA is formed by joining DNA sequences from two different sources ...
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...1. Name: Leeann Salas 2. Grade: 11th (Junior) 3. Why did you register to take AP Biology? I took AP Biology to help me narrow down my college major options (genetics, biology, or medical) and to learn more about the environment. In particular, I am interested in the effects of GMOs on the health of the human body and comparisons between the roles of GMOs and their natural counterparts in a wild ecosystem. 4. What are your personal strengths when it comes to learning new material? How do you learn best? My personal strengths are writing and researching; therefore, I use writing repetition to help me memorize definitions and words. (If I’m confused by something or if I become interested in a subject, I like to look things up on my own online.) Usually, I enjoy using Quizlet.com to help quiz myself on class material. My favorite note-style to use is the Cornell Note method because of its simplicity. For the most part, I memorize things easily. Any in class repetition or brief warm-ups before class are fantastic for me to have....
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...Marisa M Souza AP Biology Mrs.Therrien October, 6, 2015 Diffusion and Osmosis Exercise 1A: Diffusion In our diffusion experiment glucose is leaving the bag and Iodine-Potassium-Iodide or IKI is entering the bag. The change in color within the bag indicates the presence of glucose. The IKI moved from the beaker into the dialysis bag, this resulted in a change of color to black within the bag. This made the concentration within the bag equal to the concentration outside the bag. The glucose solution moved out of the bag making glucose present in the beaker. The glucose moved to make the solute concentration inside and out equal. If the initial and final % concentration of glucose and IKI for in the bag and in the beaker were given they...
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...Methods: Preparatory Procedure Step 1: Gather all the necessary materials. Place the beaker of enzyme (potato juice) in the plastic container, and fill the surrounding area around the beaker in the container with ice. Step 2: Take the Sharpie marker and label each of the 7 test tubes as follows. C1, C2(These will be the control variables) 1,2,3,4,5(these will be the experimental variables). Step3: Once all the test tubes are labeled with the correct number place each one in the test tube rack in in order from C1 to C2 on one side of the rack and test tubes 1 through 5 on the other side of the rack. Step 4: Using the graduated cylinder, measure out 10mL of the water with a pH of 7. Pour the water into one of the test tubes. Repeat this step until all 7 of the test tubes are full with 10 mL of water (pH 7). Control Variable Procedure Step 1: Take a clean dropper and add 10 drops of the 0.66% catechol substrate to the test tube labeled C1. Step 2: Take a sheet of parafilm and remove the paper attached to it. Hold the end of the paper with one hand at the top of the test tube. With the other hand pull the remaining film over the opening of the test tube to create a tight seal. Once covered with film place one thumb over the top and invert the test tube 5 times. Step 3: Once inverted start a timer for 6 minutes. Step 4: Once the timer is set, remove the parafilm from the test tube. Take a glass stirring rod and dip it in the solution. Drop a drop of solution on a piece of pH paper...
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...Christian Rodriguez Mrs. Gentry AP Biology September 27, 2015 Lab Abstract Enzymes are proteins produced by living cells. In an enzyme, the substrates bind with the active site of an enzyme, breaking them down into other molecules. Enzymes acts as catalyst which lower the reaction energy and allows it to take place in less time and at lower temperatures. Enzymes can be used in a reaction without actually being used up; therefore, they can be used reversibly. Temperature, salt concentration, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, and pH can affect enzyme reactions. If the pH is too basic, the enzyme gains (H+) and denaturalizes; likewise if the pH is too acidic, then the enzyme loses (H+) and becomes denaturalized. A major benefit...
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...1. Make a hypothesis about which color in the visible spectrum causes the most plant growth and which color in the visible spectrum causes the least plant growth? If the different light colors affect the plants' growth then the most absorbed colors result in the most growth and the least absorbed ones will cause the least plant growth. 2. How did you test your hypothesis? Which variables did you control in your experiment and which variable did you change in order to compare your growth results? I observed the growth of the plants under each light color. The variables were the different light colors (red, orange, green, violet, and blue). 3. Analyze the results of your experiment. Did your data support your hypothesis? Explain. If you conducted tests with more than one type of seed, explain any differences or similarities you found among types of seeds. The plants under the blue lights grew the most and had an average length of 19c.m for spinach, 14c.m for radish, and 12.1c.m for the lettuce. The plants under the green lights grew the least and the averages were 3.5c.m for the spinach, 1.5c.m for the radish, and 3.1 for the lettuce. The red lights also gave high growth average of 18.8c.m spinach, 13.1c.m radish, and 11.6c.m for the lettuce. Violet lights had averages of 16.3c.m for the spinach, 10.5c.m for the radish, and 8.3c.m for the lettuce. Orange had averages of 14.8c.m for the spinach, 6.3c.m for the radish, and 11.6c.m for the lettuce. The data I have collected supports...
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...Dear The Editors, I read your article “Fight the GM Food Scare” multiple times and felt as though I was being coerced to believe questionable information. It is understandable to want to hide who you are when writing such a controversial article, but not from such a respected scientific magazine. Science is always backed up by details, data, and citations from where they came from. I saw a lot of data and details, however no citation. An article based solely on opinion can go without citation, but only until real facts and statistics come into play. There were a lot of ‘international teams of researchers’, but no names. Monsanto should be one of the names listed. The article gave off a sneaky feel to it because of the fact that there were no names or places to look up the information you did not want the reader to be aware of. So, with that in mind, it would make sense why you would not put the name Monsanto in your article because they are building up a very bad reputation. By taking away the name and not providing any information to allow someone to look further into the specific example, you have forced the reader into one belief. Which you stated was one of the reasons that made all these anti-GMO groups putting labels stating nutritional information the makers of a bad idea, insinuating that they are bad. As a reader of Scientific American magazine, I was surprised to see this article written with hypocritical statements and no names, making me believe that the...
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...Diffusion And Osmosis Introduction: There are several valuable aspects of this lab that must be understood before it is conducted. The first of these concepts is called diffusion. Molecules are constantly moving and as they are moving they tend to move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. Diffusion can be defined as the net movement of molecules from higher to lower concentrations. One example, of diffusion is when an item like perfume is opened in a room. Shortly after it is opened the smell can be detected throughout the entire room. Diffusion can occur through a membrane such as that of a cell which explains how something can enter the cell. One special type of diffusion is called osmosis or the diffusion of water. Osmosis describes how water moves through a membrane from areas that have high water potential to areas that have lower potential. Water potential is defined as the measure of free energy of water in a solution. Biologists use this term to help describe why water moves from one area to another. Water potential can be affected by two major aspects pressure and the amount of solute. Water potential can be calculate by the pressure potential added to the solute potential. In order to calculate the solute potential one must multiply the ionization constant, the molar concentration, the pressure constant, and the temperature. When looking at a solution one can categorize it into several different relationships based...
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...between the main drivers of affliction (insatiability, numbness, and scorn) and natural devastation, biology ministers view ecological activism as well inside their domain as Buddhist monastics. Drawing on Buddhist standards and practices, biology ministers have adjusted conventional customs and services to attract regard for ecological issues, bring issues to light about the estimation of nature, and move individuals to participate in preservation endeavors. Services, for example, tree appointment ceremonies (buat ton mai), in which trees are honored and wrapped in saffron robes to imply their consecrated status, are a piece of a bigger push to cultivate a preservation ethic established in Buddhist standards and supported by Buddhist practices. Ministers, for example, Phrakhru Pitak Nanthakun, Phrakhru Manas Natheepitak, and Phrakhru Prajak Kuttajitto have sorted out a wide assortment of grassroots protection activities, including tree appointments and planting services, the making of untamed life jelly and hallowed group gardens, long-life functions for biologically debilitated locales or regular substances, and activities in feasible group advancement and characteristic cultivating. Nature friars have taken stands against deforestation, shrimp cultivating, dam and pipeline development, and the development of money crops. Phrakhru Pitak, a standout amongst the most dynamic biology friars, has framed an umbrella non-administrative association called Hag Muang Nan Group (Love Nan...
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...Briana Tran AP Biology August 17, 2014 Basil Seed Experiment Lab Report I. Abstract: Temperature, sunlight, and water affect the growth of plants. However, what if the manipulation of basil seeds itself also affects its growth? Generally, basil seeds require 5-10 days for it to germinate. Germination is the process of when a seed first sprouts from the seedling. In addition, for the basil seeds to receive full exposure to the sunlight, moving them from the East side of the house to the West side of the house is required each day. The purpose of this experiment is to observe whether different treatments on basils seeds before they are planted, affect the length of time they germinate compared to one that is untreated. After the...
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...Jeffrey Chen Summer AP Biology Project Angle of Light Engagement Question: Do plants exhibit photropism? Hypothesis: If I tilt the plant at 0 degrees, then the plant will grow at 90 degree angle in relation to the soil, because phototropism results in the plant growing towards the light source. If I tilt the plant at 15 degrees, then the plant will grow at 75 degree angle in relation to the soil, because phototropism results in the plant growing towards the light source. If I tilt the plant at 50 degrees, then the plant will grow at 40 degree angle in relation to the soil, because phototropism results in the plant growing towards the light source. Materials Needed: 3 Gardening pots, garden soil, Aluminum foil, labeling marker, duct tape/Velcro,...
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...While being informed by a Vietnamese translator that he was fighting The Pride of Ho Chi Minh, or the highly elite 29th Regiment of the North Vietnamese Army (NVA), Lieutenant Colonel Weldon Honeycutt responded by saying “Tell him I’m glad to know they’re around here. Tell him that’s why we came here- to kill North Vietnamese soldiers-and if they are around, they’ll just be doin’ us a favor78-79.” This bold statement, stated by the commander of a unit tasked to take a hill with heavily fortified enemy positions, shows that he understood his mission- plain and simple. LTC Honeycutt, commander of the 3d Battalion, 187th Infantry (the "Rakkasans"), lead his unit in accordance with the doctrinal tasks of mission command. LTC Honeycutt was responsible for the United States victory on Hamburger Hill through the operations process activities by correctly understanding the operational environment, properly directing his unit and combat power, accurately assessing the evolving situation, and properly leading his subordinates to a successful mission. A profane, outspoken, fiercely competitive man, Honeycutt was the prototype of the hard-nosed commander. Born in 1931 in the mill town Greensboro, North Carolina, Honeycutt had lied, at sixteen with only a sixth-grade education, about his age and enlisted in the army. At five feet eight, other officers thought he lacked having command presence. Because of this, he applied himself to the military life with a religious passion and quickly...
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...United States Army Adjutant General School Mission Command Essay The Battle of Dong Ap Bia: Hamburger Hill LTC Weldon Honeycutt CPT Shamika Hill Adjutant General Captain Career Course 003-16 June 30, 2016 For ten long days, American and South Vietnamese Army troops fought alongside each other to gain control of Dong Ap Bia, Hill 937. Their mission was to search and destroy the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) and the Viet Chong (VC), believed to have grouped in the A Shau Valley area. The battle now known as Hamburger Hill begun May 10, 1969 and is recognized as one of the last major encounter between the Americans and the NVA. Lieutenant Colonel (LTC) Weldon Honeycutt, commander of the 3rd Battalion, 187th Infantry Regiment (3-187th) was determined to accomplish his assigned mission and seize Hill 937. After ten long hard fought days and many casualties from both sides, the 3-187th successfully occupied the hill on May 20. But at what cost? LTC Honeycutt improper use of the mission command principles; understanding, assessing, and visualizing; led to a prolonged engagement which cost additional casualties. Hamburger Hill occurred during Operation Apache Snow, the second part of a three-phased campaigned aimed at annihilating the NVA bases in the treacherous A Shau Valley. LTC Honeycutt and the 3-187th received the mission to search and destroy the Peoples of Vietnam Forces (PAVN) in the A Shau Valley in order to block the NAV from infiltrating the northern providence...
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