Vocabulary:
Civil Liberty- the freedom of a citizen to exercise customary rights, ass of speech or assembly, without unwarranted or arbitrary interference by the government.
Clear and present danger test- a standard for judging when freedom of speech can be abridged; "no one has a right to shout `fire' in a crowded theater when there is no fire because such an action would pose a clear and present danger to public safety"
Due process of law- the regular administration of a system of laws, which must conform to fundamental and generally accepted legal principles and be applied without favor or prejudice to all citizens.
Equal protection of the law- the right of all persons to have the same access to the law and courts, and to be treated equally by the law and courts, both in procedures and in the substance of the law.
Establishment clause- the clause in the First Amendment of the US Constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress.
Freedom of expression- Right to express one's ideas and opinions freely through speech, writing, and other forms of communication but without deliberately causing harm to others' character and/or reputation by false or misleading statements.

Freedom of Religion- the right to practice whatever religion one chooses.
Free-Exercise clause- prohibits government from interfering with the practice of religion.

Good-Faith Exception- an error in gathering evidence sufficiently minor that it may be used in a trial.

Libel- a written statement that unfairly or falsely harms the reputation of the person about whom it is made.

Prior Restraint- government censorship of information before it is published or broadcast

Probable Cause- reasonable cause for issuing a search warrant or making an arrest; more than mere suspicion. (you, plain view, and things under your immediate control)

Jim Crow Laws- a practice