1
APA Documentation in Research Papers (2014-2015)
The Purpose of Referencing/Documentation
A. to identify (cite) other people’s ideas and information used within your essay or term paper, and
B. to indicate the sources of these citations in the References list at the end of your paper.
APA Format
The APA format is only one of many methods of documentation. Details about the format are found in
the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.) (at MRU Bookstore and MRU Library)
the APA Style Guide to Electronic References (6th ed.) (referred to in this handout as Electronic Guide)
the APA website at http://apastyle.apa.org/ (including Frequently Asked Questions [FAQ]) and the APA Style Blog
NOTE: The APA manual is not designed specifically for students. These guidelines have been adapted to fit the needs of MRU students.
Please consult with your professors if you have any questions about referencing guidelines for specific courses.
Avoiding Plagiarism – Citation Principles for Essays and Term Papers
[APA pp. 169170]
Within essays, term papers, and any other written assignments (as in all academic work), you must identify (i.e., reference, document, cite) all quotations, paraphrases, ideas, and images from someone else’s work. You must name the original author or source and surround quoted material with quotation marks or set it in a block format as described in this handout (p. 2). Copying any material and submitting it as your own (plagiarism) is an academic offence. Plagiarism may result in failure on the assignment and, in some cases, expulsion from a course. For more information, see the Guide to Avoiding Plagiarism and the section on “Plagiarism & Cheating” on
p. 14 of the MRU Student Conduct Guide at www.mtroyal.ca/codeofstudentconduct.
NOTE: Page numbers in square brackets refer to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA) and the Electronic Guide.
Referencing/Citing Sources Within Your Paper
Whenever you use a quotation from an author or summarize or paraphrase a person’s ideas or research, you must identify
(reference/cite) the source. This in-text citation is formatted with parentheses and shows
the last name of the author(s) of the work, unless already stated
[APA p. 174]
or the first few words of the References list entry (usually the title) if the author is not known
[APA p. 176]
the year of publication or n.d. (no date) if the year is not known
[APA p. 185]
page number(s) if available (if not available, refer to p. 2 of this handout)
Citing Short Quotations (fewer than 40 words)
[APA pp. 170172]
[APA pp. 92, 170172]
When you incorporate a direct quotation into a sentence, you must cite its source.
Lee (2007) stated, “The ability to think critically is needed in this revolutionary age of
Author’s name in your text
technological change” (p. 82).
OR
Author’s name in parentheses ( )
One researcher emphasized that “the ability to think critically is needed in this revolutionary age of technological change” (Lee, 2007, p. 82).
NOTE: You must blend quotations into your own sentences. Begin with your own words or start with the author/date and follow with the quoted material (see examples above). When using the author said/stated format without the word ‘that,’ start the quotation with a capital letter.
2
[APA pp. 92, 170172]
Citing Long Quotations (40 or more words)
Use a block format in which all lines of the quotation are indented approximately ½ inch from the margin.
Do not use quotation marks.
Introduce the quotation with a complete sentence and a colon.
Wang, Johnston, Juarez, and Marks (2010) described effective time management as an ongoing process:
Time management is not a skill that can be achieved at once; it takes self-awareness, planning, execution, and reflection. The perception about time management is that the work is done once a schedule is created. In reality, that is only the first step.
Successful students are adaptable and flexible; they are able to make changes to a schedule because they can purposefully and proactively move tasks around to adjust to new situations. (p. 27)
Citing Summaries or Paraphrases
*period before the parentheses for long quotations
[APA pp. 171, 174]
When you put information in your own words by summarizing or paraphrasing, you must cite the original author. APA (2010) also recommends you include a page or paragraph number to “help an interested reader locate the relevant passage” (p. 171).
One researcher emphasized the necessity of flexibly applied thinking to cope with rapidly changing technology (Lee, 2007, p. 82).
OR Lee (2007) emphasized that flexibly applied thinking is vital to cope with rapidly changing technology (p. 82).
Citing Information If No Page Numbers Are Available
[APA pp. 171172; FAQ]
Electronic sources such as websites commonly have no page numbers, so you cannot put a page number in the in-text citation.
PDFs, however, normally show original page numbers.
If the source has no page numbers but explicitly numbers the paragraphs, you can include the paragraph number (s), preceded by the abbreviation “para.” in the citation parentheses.
If the document has no page or paragraph numbers but does have headings, use the heading (with capitals and no quotation marks) of the section you are taking information from and then give the number of the paragraph under it that contains the information you are incorporating in your essay. The example below includes the complete heading: Fostering Health
Security.
According to the World Health Organization (2010), “one of the greatest threats to international health security arises from outbreaks of emerging and epidemic-prone diseases” (Fostering Health Security, para. 1).
If the heading is long, shorten it, keep capital letters, and put quotation marks around it. The heading What is the Burden of
Alzheimer’s Disease in the United States? has been shortened to “What is the Burden?” in the example below.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010) have pointed out that “Alzheimer’s disease is one of the top ten leading causes of death in the United States” (“What is the Burden?,” para. 1).
If the source has no headings, count the paragraphs and include the paragraph number in parentheses, e.g., (para. 7).
[FAQ]
3
[APA p. 178]
Citing a Source Found/Cited in Another Source
Often an author writes about research that someone else has done, but you are unable to track down the original research report.
For example, in your paper you might include research described in your course textbook. In the sample below, research done by
Pithers is discussed in a journal article written by Lee. Include only Lee’s article in your References list.
A 2000 review by Pithers found little empirical research on students’ critical thinking (as cited in Lee, 2007, p. 83).
Citing References Within Your Paper
The following examples demonstrate APA formatting for either quotations or paraphrased information taken from a reference.
Type of citation
1st time citing a reference, using parentheses format at the end of your sentence
2nd+ citation of a reference, using parentheses format at the end of your sentence
1st time citing a reference when authors are named in your sentence
2nd+ citation of the reference in another paragraph with authors named in your sentence
See NOTE on page 4
One author
-------- (Lee, 2007, p. 82).
same format as 1st time
Lee (2007) stated, “--------------” (p. 82).
same format as 1st time
Two authors
------- (Smith & Jones,
2004, p. 93).
same format as 1st time
Smith and Jones (2004) found that “-----” (p. 93).
same format as 1st time
(use & between names)
(use and between names)
Three to five authors (All subsequent citations use et al.)
---- (Simpson, Stahl, &
Francis, 2004, p. 10).
Six or more authors
------------- (Kallai et al.,
2011, p. 121).
same format as 1st time
Kallai et al. (2011) said that “----------” (p. 121).
same format as 1st time
Organizations, institutions, etc. as group author
--------- (TransCanada,
2006, p. 11).
same format as 1st time
TransCanada (2006) reported that ------ (p. 11).
same format as 1st time
Group author, no page numbers
(use web page headings and paragraph numbers)
------------------ (World
Health Organization
[WHO], 2010, Fostering
Health Security, para. 1).
---------------- (WHO,
2010, Fostering Health
Security, para. 8).
World Health
Organization (WHO,
2010) found that --------(Fostering Health
Security, para. 1).
WHO (2010) reported on the problem, saying that
--------- (Fostering Health
Security, para. 8).
No author - article
(use shortened title of article in quotation marks in place of author’s last name)
----------- (Simpson et al.,
2004, p. 18).
(uses et al. format)
Simpson, Stahl, and
Francis (2004) argued that
----------- (p. 10).
As well, Simpson et al.
(2004) found ------- (p.
18).
(uses et al. format)
(Name of group author and its acronym are written)
--------- (“Ancient Tool,”
2009, p. 6).
(World Health Organization is written as an acronym in subsequent citations)
same format as 1st time
(Full title is “Ancient Tool
Makers Discovered Fire
Treatment)
(Name of group author and its acronym are written)
*The article “Ancient
Tool Makers Discovered
Fire Treatment” (2009) summarized ----- (p. 6).
(World Health Organization is written as an acronym in subsequent citations)
As well, “Ancient Tool
Makers Discovered Fire
Treatment” (2009) included discussion of----(p. 8).
*NOTE: When using the shortened title first in the citation, include the appropriate capitalization, and use quotation marks for articles, chapters, or web page titles and italics for books, reports, or brochures.
No date available
(use n.d.)
----------------- (Buzan,
n.d., p. 23).
same format as 1st time
Buzan (n.d.) explained that -------------- (p. 23).
same format as 1st time
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Sample Research Paper Paragraph with Citations
When students learn more about the process of learning and begin to incorporate the use of specific strategies, self-monitoring, and self-reflection into their academic endeavours, they are more successful in
1st use of a reference
– paraphrase
Followed by 2nd use of reference, same page – quotation
1st source cited again – uses et al. (only for 3 or more authors)
4th and 5th use of same reference – quotation from different page* More than one page, use pp. (plural pages)
Using a source cited in another source
Personal
communication cited here, but do
NOT put in References
reaching their goals. In their examination of students’ acquisition of learning strategies, Simpson, Stahl, and
Francis (2004) stressed that students will use a strategy if they understand how, why, and when to use it (p.
3). The researchers explained that learning this “procedural knowledge would help them understand the steps
. . . and how to modify those steps” (p. 3). Simpson et al. argued that using the specific strategy taught in a course is often not as important as using the process the students learn of “selecting, summarizing, organizing, elaborating, monitoring, self-testing, reflecting and evaluating” when working on course content
(p. 4). The researchers recommended that faculty teach students “how to decipher their own academic tasks”
(p. 6). In addition, Lee (2007) argued that once students have acquired a repertoire of study strategies, they should be taught critical thinking skills to evaluate and modify their use of specific strategies (pp. 8283).
Acquisition of strategic learning is, as Hadwin et al. in 2001 explained, “enacted over time through a series of events” (as cited in Simpson et al., 2004, p. 3). P. Foley, a professor at North London University, observed that motivation is strongly linked to student use of learning strategies (personal communication,
May 16, 2007). Motivation, in turn, can be influenced by students’ beliefs about learning. Simpson et al.
(2004) commented on such beliefs:
[Many] college freshmen . . . believe that learning should be easy, completed quickly (i.e., the
Long quotation block format – period comes before the parentheses night before in a cramming session) and should happen to them because of what others do for them (i.e., the professor did not teach me to solve that problem). (p. 4)
Flexible use of strategies, self-reflection, and motivation can enhance academic success. If there are
*NOTE: When authors are named in your sentence and you use the reference again in the same paragraph, list authors, date, and page number the first time. List only the page number for the subsequent citations if it is clear, from context, that the authors are the same. If you write the authors’ names again to assure clarity, omit the date. However, when you use that reference in a later paragraph, include again the authors (with et al. if applicable), date, and page number.
Integrating Research into Your Writing
The professor’s study explained that “students who use active listening techniques to stay engaged in a class
Citing a quotation and then continuing with a paraphrase from the same source later in the sentence lecture demonstrated better marks on exams” (Velasquez, 2011, p. 72); her report described the various strategies that successful students use to mentally participate in the learning process (p. 81).
OR
Velasquez (2011) explained that “students who use active listening techniques to stay engaged in a class lecture demonstrated better marks on exams” (p. 72); her report described the various strategies that successful students use to mentally participate in the learning process (p. 81).
Citing a quotation used at the start of a sentence, and then continuing with your own words/ideas/ comments
He found that the “results demonstrated that the first variable (persistence) had the most effect on the outcome of an exam” (Twoyoungmen, 2010, p. 96), but the study lacked sufficient detail.
OR
Twoyoungmen (2010) found that the “results demonstrated that the first variable (persistence) had the most effect on the outcome of an exam” (p. 96), but the study lacked sufficient detail.
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Creating Your Reference List
(See the Sample References Page on page 6 of this handout.)
Start the references list on a separate page at the end of your paper
Include only those sources you have cited in your paper
[APA p. 37]
[APA p. 180]
Exceptions are personal communications, classical religious works such as the Bible or the Qur’an, and classical works. These do not appear in the References list.
[APA pp. 174, 178179]
Double-space the entire References list. Do not add an extra blank line after the title.
[APA p. 180]
Position the first line of each reference flush left, with subsequent lines wrapping with a ½-inch (hanging) indent.
[APA p. 180]
Organize the list in alphabetical order according to the first letter beginning each entry. Usually, the author’s last name
[APA pp. 181183]
is the first piece of information in each entry. Use initials for the author’s first/middle names.
Explanation of References Listings: Pieces of the Puzzle
Accuracy is important! It helps the reader quickly find or get to a particular source of information.
For references, determine the combination of formatting from one or more examples on pages 710 that are the best fit.
For example, you might need to combine “one author edition stated” example (A2) with “book with 2 to 7 authors” (A3).
Work left to right through the sample reference(s) to reproduce formatting details.
Retrieval dates for website information are only required if material may be revised. For example, a website that is periodically updated would require a retrieval date whereas a PDF document or newspaper article would not.
[APA p. 192]
The Parts of a Reference (see more reference examples on pages 7-10)
Book, edition is stated
author
book edition
year published
McWhorter, K. (2010). Academic reading (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Longman.
Journal article year published
author
publisher
place published
book title
article title
journal name
page range
volume
Smith, G. (2012). Barthes on Jamie: Myth and the TV revolutionary. Journal of Media Practice, 13, 3-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jmpr.13.1.3_1 DOI
Chapter in an edited book chapter authors year published
chapter title
book title
Smith, F. M., & Jones, W. (2004). The college student. In C. Wood & M. Meyer (Eds.), Cross-cultural education (pp.
75105).London, Canada: MacMillan. place published
Web page on website, no publication date
author
book editors chapter page range
publisher
web page title
date retrieved
website URL
Buzan, T. (n.d.). Mind maps. Retrieved September 3, 2009, from http://www.buzanworld.com/Mind_Maps.htm no publication date - use n.d.
6
Start your reference list on a new page
(no extra space after title)
[APA p. 37]
References
Alberta Social Services and Community Health. (2005). Breaking the pattern: Understanding wife abuse. Edmonton,
Canada: Author.
Ancient tool makers discovered fire treatment. (2009, August 13). The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from http://www
.theglobeandmail.com/
Double-space between lines
[APA p. 180]
Arnold, A. (1985). Afghanistan: The Soviet invasion in perspective (Rev. ed.). Retrieved from http://books.google.com/
Bennett, J. D., & Briggs, W. L. (n.d.). Statistical reasoning. In Scientific and mathematical literacy for the modern world (2nd Custom ed., pp. 69132). Toronto, Canada: Pearson Custom.
Start each new reference at the left margin
Brandt, F. (Producer), & Messina, P. F. (Director). (1995). Too smart for strangers [Motion picture]. Burbank, CA:
[APA p. 180]
Buzan, T. (n.d.). Mind maps. Retrieved September 3, 2009, from http://www.buzanworld.com/Mind_Maps.htm
Walt Disney Home Video.
Cell division. (2008). In E. Martin & R. Hine (Eds.), Dictionary of biology. Retrieved from http://www.oxfordreference
Put references in alphabetical order, according to the first letter of the reference [APA pp. 181183]
.com
Downing, L., Carter, J. C., & McManus, T. (2007). Students in our midst. Toronto, Canada: Doubleday.
Family Counselling Centre. (2003). Dealing with a delinquent student [Brochure]. Calgary, Canada: Author.
Fung, M. (2006, December 12). Asthma rates increasing. Winnipeg Free Press, pp. C4, C7C8.
How to study effectively – 8 concentration strategies. (2007). Retrieved September 10, 2009, from http://studenthacks
.org /2007/10/12/study-effectively/
Use a ½ inch hanging indent for subsequent lines of a
reference
Kallai, J., Makany, T., Csatho, A., Karadi, K., Horvath, D., Kovacs-Labadi, B., . . . Jacobs, J. W. (2007). Cognitive and affective aspects of thigmotaxis strategy in humans. Behavioral Neuroscience, 121, 2130. http://dx.doi.org
/10.1037/0735-7044.121.1.21
Klein, N. (2002). The new apartheid [Review of the book We are the poors: Community struggles in post-apartheid
Include only the sources cited in your paper [APA pp. 178180]
South Africa, by A. Desai]. Nation, 275, 2528.
Lannon, J. M., & Klepp, D. (2008). Technical communication (4th Canadian ed.). Toronto, Canada: Pearson Education.
Lee, K. (2007). Online collaborative case study learning. Journal of College Reading and Learning, 37, 82100.
O’Brien-Pallas, L., Hiroz, J., Cook, A., & Mildon, B. (2005). Nurse-physician relationships: Solutions and recommendations for change. Retrieved from http://www.ebrary.com
Use publisher name only:
MacMillan
Publishers Ltd.
[APA p.187]
Simpson, M. L., Stahl, N. A., & Francis, M. A. (2004). Reading and learning strategies: Recommendations for the 21 st century. Journal of Developmental Education, 28(2), 215, 32.
Smith, F. M., & Jones, W. (2004). The college student. In C. Wood & M. Meyer (Eds.), Cross-cultural education (pp.
75-105). London, Canada: MacMillan.
Smith, G. (2012). Barthes on Jamie: Myth and the TV revolutionary. Journal of Media Practice, 13,
Break website
URL before punctuation such as / or [APA p. 192]
317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jmpr.13.1.3_1
TransCanada. (2006). Annual report. Retrieved from http://www.transcanada.com/investor/annual_reports/2006
/media/pdf/TransCanada_2006_Annual_Report.pdf
Webber, S. (2007, July 11). Survey of plagiarism penalties [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://information-literacy
.blogspot.com/2007/07/this-was-published-last-month-tennant-p.html
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References Examples
A. Books
NOTE: Only the first word, the first word after a colon, and all proper nouns of book titles are capitalized.
A1 Book, 1 author, no edition
Johnston, M. (2009). Perspective, persistence, and learning. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
[APA p. 202]
A2 Book, 1 author, edition stated [APA pp. 203, 205]
A3 Book with 2 to 7 authors, not from U.S.
[APA p. 184]
Lannon, J. M., & Klepp, D. (2008). Technical communication (4th Canadian ed.). Toronto, Canada:
Pearson Education.
Downing, L., Carter, J. C., & McManus, T. (2007). Students in our midst. Toronto, Canada: Doubleday.
NOTE: Country name replaces state abbreviation for non-U.S. publications.
A4 E-book of print book retrieved from library subscription database
O’Brien-Pallas, L., Hiroz, J., Cook, A., & Mildon, B. (2005). Nurse-physician relationships: Solutions and recommendations for change. Retrieved from http://www.ebrary.com
[APA p. 203]
[Electronic Guide p. 17]
A5 E-book retrieved from web
Arnold, A. (1985). Afghanistan: The Soviet invasion in perspective (Rev. ed.). Retrieved from
[APA p. 203]
http://books.google.com/
B. Entries and Chapters in Edited Books (includes encyclopedia and dictionary entries)
NOTE: Book editor(s) as well as chapter/story/poem author(s) need to be credited.
B1 Chapter with known author in an edited book
[APA p. 204]
B2 Chapter with known author from an edited book, included in a course pack
[APA p. 204]
Smith, F. M., & Jones, W. (2004). The college student. In C. Wood & M. Meyer (Eds.), Cross-cultural education (pp. 75105). London, Canada: MacMillan.
Jefferson, T. (2008). Masculinities and crimes. In D. E. King & J. A. Winterdyk (Eds.), Diversity issues and the criminal justice system: Course readings for Applied Justice Studies (AJUS) 2231 (pp.
325347). Calgary, Canada: Mount Royal University. (Reprinted from The Oxford handbook of criminology (2nd ed.), pp. 535557, by M. Maguire, R. Morgan, & R. Reiner, Eds., 1997,
Oxford, England: Oxford University Press).
NOTE: In-text citations should include the original publication date as well as the course pack publication date.
Use the course pack page numbering if available. If the course pack does not have its own page numbers, use the original page numbers of the chapter, i.e., (Jefferson, 1997/2008, p. 326).
B3 Entry/definition in print encyclopedia, author known Davidson, T. (2002). Common cold. In J. L. Longe (Ed.), The Gale encyclopedia of medicine (2nd ed.,
Vol. 2, pp. 869872). Detroit, MI: Gale Group.
[APA p. 202]
B4 Entry or definition in a web encyclopedia, author unknown [APA p. 202]
B5 Chapter in customized textbook
[APA pp. 202 203]
Cell division. (2008). In E. Martin & R. Hine (Eds.), Dictionary of biology. Retrieved from http://www.oxfordreference.com NOTE: The title comes first when the author is unknown and is used for the in-text citation, i.e., (“Cell Division,”
2008, para. 1.)
Bennett, J. D., & Briggs, W. L. (n.d.). Statistical reasoning. In Scientific and mathematical literacy for the modern world (2nd Custom ed., pp. 69132). Toronto, Canada: Pearson Custom.
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C. Articles: Journals and Periodicals (newspapers, magazines)
NOTE: Only the first word, the first word after a colon, and all proper nouns of article titles are capitalized, but all major words in journal names are capitalized.
C1 Scholarly journal article,
1 author, from a library database, with DOI
Smith, G. (2012). Barthes on Jamie: Myth and the TV revolutionary. Journal of Media Practice, 13,
317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jmpr.13.1.3_1
[APA p. 198; Electronic Guide p.12]
NOTE: A digital object identifier (DOI) should be included at the end of the reference (http://dx.doi.org/###).
C2 Scholarly journal article, more than 7 authors, with
DOI: list first 6, then use
. . . , and list last author
Kallai, J., Makany, T., Csatho, A., Karadi, K., Horvath, D., Kovacs-Labadi, B., . . . Jacobs, J. W.
(2007). Cognitive and affective aspects of thigmotaxis strategy in humans. Behavioral
Neuroscience, 121, 2130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7044.121.1.21
[APA p. 198; Electronic Guide p.12]
C3 Scholarly journal article, up to 7 authors, from a library database, no DOI
[APA p. 199]
Simpson, M. L., Stahl, N. A., & Francis, M. A. (2004). Reading and learning strategies:
Recommendations for the 21st century. Journal of Developmental Education, 28(2), 215.
NOTE: Italicize the journal name and volume number but not the issue number. However, articles may not have an issue number; in that case, omit it.
C4 Scholarly article, 2 authors, found through web search, not a library database
Brown, C., & Austin, D. (2009). Fatty acids, breastfeeding and autism spectrum disorder. E-journal of
Applied Psychology, 5(1), 4952. Retrieved from http://ojs/lib.swin.edu.au/
NOTE: Give the URL of the journal home page.
[APA pp. 191 192, 199]
C5 Scholarly journal article,
1 author, paper-bound, no DOI available
Lee, K. (2007). Online collaborative case study learning. Journal of College Reading and
Learning, 37, 82100.
[APA p. 199]
C6 Newspaper article, with author, on multiple, discontinuous pages, print
Fung, M. (2006, December 12). Asthma rates increasing. Winnipeg Free Press, pp. C4, C7C8.
NOTE: Include the year, month, and date for periodicals.
[APA p. 200]
C7 Newspaper article, with author, on the web, not from a library database
Harris, M. (2011, August 16). Grades improve if classes start later, studies find. The Calgary Herald.
Retrieved from http://www.calgaryherald.com/
[APA pp. 200 201; Electronic Guide p. 9]
C8 Newspaper article, author unknown, on the web, not from a library database
Ancient tool makers discovered fire treatment. (2009, August 13). The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from http://www.theglobeandmail.com/ [APA p. 200]
C9 Magazine article, with author, print copy
[APA p. 200]
C10 Magazine article, with author, web version
[APA p. 200]
C11 Review of book, in a magazine, from a library database, no DOI
[APA p. 209]
Singer, P. (2011, August). Visible man: Ethics in a world without secrets. Harper’s Magazine,
323(1935), 3136.
Wells, P. (2009, July 28). Our universities can be smarter. Maclean’s, 122(29/30). Retrieved from http://www2.macleans.ca Klein, N. (2002, December 16). The new apartheid [Review of the book We are the poor: Community struggles in post-apartheid South Africa, by A. Desai]. Nation, 275(21), 2528.
9
D. Websites (for articles found online, see C4)
NOTE: A website is a collection of one or more webpages. Use regular font for titles of webpages but use italics for titles of websites and web documents.
D1 Webpage on website, with author, no date
Buzan, T. (n.d.). Mind maps. Retrieved September 3, 2009, from http://www.buzanworld.com
/Mind_Maps.htm
[APA pp. 192, 205 206, FAQ]
D2 Webpage on website, author unknown
How to study effectively – 8 concentration strategies. (2007). Retrieved September 10, 2009, from http://studenthacks.org/2007/10/12/study-effectively/ [APA pp. 192, 205 206, FAQ]
D3 Webpage on website, group or corporate author World Health Organization. (2010). The WHO agenda. Retrieved July 17, 2010, from http://www
.who.int/about/agenda/en/index.html
[APA pp. 192, 205 206, FAQ]
D4 Document on a website, group or corporate author
[APA pp. 206, FAQ]
D5 Report by organization that is part of a larger organization, found on website (larger entity listed 1st)
[APA p. 205 #31, 206 #32]
TransCanada. (2006). Annual report. Retrieved from http://www.transcanada.com
/investor/annual_reports/2006/media/pdf/TransCanada_2006_Annual_Report.pdf
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer
Institute. (2011). Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 19752007, featuring trends in brain cancer: Questions and answers. Retrieved from http://www.cancer.gov
/newscenter/qa/2011/ReportNation2011QandA
D6 Newsletter article, with author, found online
[APA p. 200]
[Electronic Guide p. 14]
Lundquist, C. (2012, February). Recapping ICCB: New Zealand hosts historic congress for conservation biology. Society for Conservation Biology Newsletter, 20(1). Retrieved from http://www.conservationbiology.org/Publications/Newsletter/Archives/2012-2-February /news2.cfm
D7 Blog post
[Electronic Guide p. 2]
Brackets [ ] used to describe form of reference
[APA p. 186]
D8 Twitter update or tweet
[APA p. 215]
[Electronic Guide p. 33]
Webber, S. (2007, July 11). Survey of plagiarism penalties [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://information-literacy.blogspot.com/2007/07/this-was-published-last-month-tennant -p.html
Angelou, M. [DrMayaAngelou]. (2013, June 9). You can only become truly accomplished at something you love [Tweet]. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/DrMayaAngelou/status
/343844424767389696/
NOTE: Include both the author’s real name and [screen name]. Use the screen name without [ ] if no real name is available.
D9 YouTube or video weblog, author unknown
[APA p. 215]
[Electronic Guide p. 28]
SevereAvoidance. (2012, September 25). The official Grumpy Cat [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=INscMGmhmX4 NOTE: Include both the real name and [screen name] of the person who posted the video as the author. Use the screen name without [ ] if no real name is available.
10
D10 TED Talk, author known
[APA p. 215]
[Electronic Guide p. 33]
Anholt, S. (2014, June 23). Which country does the most good for the world? Retrieved from www.ted
.com/talks/simon_anholt_which_country_does_the_most_good_for_the_world
NOTE: The author is the person(s) giving the TED talk. For the in-text citation when you are quoting the speech, include the timestamp in place of a page number, e.g., The policy advisor stated that “these governments are cultural psychopaths” (Anholt, 2014, 5:15).
E. Other Kinds of Information Sources
E1 Government report, publisher is same as author, paper-bound Alberta Social Services and Community Health. (2005). Breaking the pattern: Understanding wife abuse. Edmonton, Canada: Author.
[APA p. 205]
E2 Government report on a website, with author
[APA p. 205]
Sosiak, A. (1999). Evaluation of recent trends in water quality in the Elbow River upstream from
Glenmore Reservoir. Retrieved from Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource
Development website: http://environment.gov.ab.ca/info/library/5695.pdf
E3 Statistics Canada data report (graph, table, chart) on a website
[APA p. 211]
Statistics Canada. (2009). Workers who use an official language most often or regularly at work, by province and territory, (2006 Census). Retrieved from http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01
/cst01/demo44a-eng.htm
E4 ERIC document with
Document Reproduction
Service number identified
Beswick, D. M., Chuprina, L., & Canipe, J. B. (2002). Investigating self-directed learning in culture, learning styles and creativity. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED473804)
[Electronic Guide p. 31]
E5 Motion picture with producer and director identified Brandt, F. (Producer), & Messina, P. F. (Director). (1995). Too smart for strangers [Motion picture]. Burbank, CA: Walt Disney Home Video.
[APA p. 209]
E6 Brochure, corporate author, publisher is same as author
[APA p. 186]
E7 Class handouts or slides
(ppt) on course Blackboard site
[APA pp. 205 206]
E8 Lab manual
Family Counselling Centre. (2003). Dealing with a delinquent student [Brochure]. Calgary, Canada:
Author.
Samuels, M. (2010). Midterm review points. Retrieved from Mount Royal University PSYC1105
Blackboard website: http://courseware.mymrc.ca/courses/1/PSYC-2200-081_Psychology
_200301/content/midterm_Review_Points.doc
Department of Chemistry. (2012, Fall). CHEM 0130 Basic Chemistry II laboratory manual. Calgary,
[APA p. 211]
Canada: Mount Royal University.
E9 Legislation on a website
Criminal Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46, s. 318(1). (CANLII).
[APA p. 220]
NOTE: The above example uses the Canadian Guide to Legal Citation (2010) in addition to APA. It is available in the MRU library.
MRU’s Student Learning Services and Library compiled and revised this handout for 2014-2015. There are also subject-specific APA guides and APA resources available online at the MRU Library Subject Guides and at www.mtroyal.ca/AcademicSupport/ResourcesServices/StudentLearningServices/Cite_sources 