...C8057 (Research Methods in Psychology): Writing Laboratory Reports Writing Lab Reports & APA Format Structure and Content of a Laboratory Report This following provides a brief overview of the structure and content of various elements in a laboratory report, based on APA guidelines. The APA publication manual can be referred to for more detail. The purpose of a lab report is to communicate research in a clear, systematic and standardised way. Primarily, a lab report should communicate the following things: → Why did I bother? Why did I do this experiment and why is it an interesting contribution to science? → How did I do it? How did I carry out this research (this should be detailed enough so that the experiment could be replicated precisely)? → What did I find? What were the results of your study? → So What? What do your findings mean in terms of your hypotheses and what theoretical contribution do they make? IMPORTANT! The advice that we give you in this handout is not inflexible, it is a guide! For example, when we say that the title should be fewer than 15 words, the world will not end if your title is 16 words. So, please use your common sense. In case you don’t have any, the snail of sense will appear to give you some advice. Format There are several sections to a lab report: → Title → Abstract → Introduction → Method o o o o o → Results → Discussion → References → Appendix (Optional) Title Your title should ideally be fewer than 15 words. A good title alerts the reader...
Words: 7238 - Pages: 29
...Bibliographic References Harvard format APA style Stuck with referencing? Try http://referencing.port.ac.uk This guide is based on the 5th edition. For help with the 6th edition refer to the website. MD5644 0810 Bibliographic Ref Harvard APA style.indd 1 19/08/2010 09:35 This leaflet is a summary of the APA style guidelines as contained in The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th ed., 2001 (Second Floor Subject Reference Collection: 808.02 AME). The APA style is based on the Harvard referencing system whereby the date of publication follows the author name(s) and intext references refer to items in the bibliography using the author surname and date of publication, in brackets. Referencing is important in all academic work as it indicates to the reader the sources of your quotations and borrowed ideas. Failure to indicate your sources could easily be taken for plagiarism (literary theft). The purpose of the referencing system is to describe your sources in an accurate and consistent manner and to indicate within the text of your paper where particular sources were used. Don’t get caught out! • • Keep a careful note of all sources used as you prepare your assignments. Record all the details you need about a library book (including page numbers) before you return it – someone else may have the book if you try to go back and check later. Make sure you write down the source details you need on any photocopies you make. Remember to print...
Words: 3565 - Pages: 15
...Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Library APA Style Referencing Examples (6th edition) This brochure is based on the 6th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), but is not a comprehensive guide. This brochure contains examples of references in APA style. The most common kinds of references are illustrated here. V. Books With Editors Duncan, G. J., & Brooks, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. VI. Books With Edition Helfer, M. E., Keme, R. S., & Drugman, R. D. (1997). The battered child (5th ed.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. APA Style Reference Examples Online guidelines for commonly asked questions, complex expression of writing and tips on specific questions are available from http://apastyle.apa.org VII. Chapter in an Edited Book O'Neil, J. M., & Egan, J. (1992). Men's and women's gender role journeys: Metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B. R. Wainrib (Ed.), Gender issues across the life cycle (pp. 107-123). New York, NY: Springer. Print Resources (6th Edition) Books VIII. Dictionaries Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (11th ed.). (2005). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. • Names are listed last name, then initials. Separate names with a comma, and use & before the last author, e.g. Helfer, M. E., & Duncan, G. J. • Use Ed. for ONE editor, Eds. for MULTIPLE editors, e.g. (Ed.). / (Eds.). • Capitalize first...
Words: 1070 - Pages: 5
...I. General Document Guidelines I. Margins: One inch on all sides (top, bottom, left, right) II. Font Size and Type: 12-pt. Times New Roman font III. Line Spacing: Double-space throughout the paper, including the title page, abstract, body of the document, references, appendixes, footnotes, tables, and figures. IV. Spacing after Punctuation: Space once after commas, colons, and semicolons within sentences. Insert two spaces after punctuation marks that end sentences. V. Alignment: Flush left (creating uneven right margin) VI. Paragraph Indentation: 5-7 spaces VII. Pagination: The page number appears one inch from the right edge of the paper on the first line of every page. VIII. Running Head: The running head is a short title that appears at the top of the pages of a paper or published article. The running head is typed flush left at the top of all pages. The running head should not exceed 50 characters, including punctuation and spacing. Using most word processors, the running head and page number can be inserted into a header, which then automatically appears on all pages. IX. Active voice: As a general rule, use the active voice rather than the passive voice. For example, use "We predicted that ..." rather than "It was predicted that ..." X. Order of Pages: Title Page, Abstract, Body, References, Footnotes, Tables, Figures, Appendixes Title Page . Pagination: The Title Page is page 1. I. Running Head: The running head is typed flush left (all uppercase)...
Words: 2344 - Pages: 10
...PAPER SUBMISSIONS APA manuscript style dictates how your paper should appear on the page. There are two types of APA manuscripts: copy manuscripts (those submitted for publication) and final manuscripts (those not submitted for publication). Copy manuscripts are much more formal and may contain multiple sections. Specifically, they will have an abstract (a one-paragraph summary of the paper). The papers you produce for most Kaplan University classes will be final manuscripts. Unlike copy manuscripts, final manuscripts do not, unless specifically required by an instructor, require an abstract. They do include: • A title page • The paper itself (the "discussion") • A references page A title page contains three items: a running head (a short version of the title), the paper's title, and the author's name. Traditionally, the author's affiliation (the university he or she attends or works for) appears below the author's name; however, many college instructors prefer students to put the course and section number in this place (since we all know which institution we are at). The running title appears in the top right corner of every page, including the title page, right before the page number. The title, the author's name, and the author's affiliation (or course and section number) appear in the center of the title page. Here is a sample title page: Formatting the discussion, or body, of the paper, is also quite straightforward. APA final manuscripts are generally ...
Words: 508 - Pages: 3
...Extended Diploma in Strategic Management and Leadership Unit Title: STRATEGIC SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND LOGISTICS | | Unit aim This unit provides the learner with the understanding and skills to plan strategies to improve an organisation’s supply chain Unit introduction This unit focuses on how the concept of supply chain management and logistics is based on the idea that every product that reaches an end user represents the combined effort of multiple organisations which make up the supply chain and that until recently, most organisations paid attention to only what was happening within their own business. Few organisations understood, much less managed, the entire chain of activities that ultimately delivered products to the final customer. This resulted in ineffective supply chains. In this unit, learners will develop the knowledge that, today, many organisations realise that effective management of supply chain activities can lead to increased customer value and achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Supply chain activities cover everything from product development, sourcing, production and logistics, to the information systems needed to coordinate these activities. Learners will discover that the organisations that make up the supply chain are ‘linked’ through physical and information flows. Physical flows involve the transformation, movement and storage of goods and materials and are the most visible piece of the supply chain. Of equal importance...
Words: 1798 - Pages: 8
...[pic] [pic]APA style From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search |[pic] |This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. The talk page may | | |contain suggestions. (November 2010) | | | |Style guides | |ACS Style Guide | |AMA Manual of Style | |The Associated Press Stylebook | |The Chicago Manual of Style | |Turabian | |The Elements of Style | |The Elements of Typographic Style | |ISO 690 | |MHRA Style Guide | |MLA Handbook | |MLA Style Manual | |The New York Times Manual | |The Oxford Guide to Style/New...
Words: 4213 - Pages: 17
...lack of knowledge of the American Psychological Association (APA) writing guidelines, procrastination, which does not allow the individual to spend the time needed to research the topic. The guidelines of the American Psychological Association should be followed. Some students plagiarize because they think that it is not necessary to place citations throughout the written work text, but only on the reference page. This occurs when the individual is unfamiliar with the APA guidelines. Lack of knowledge of the subject due to students procrastinating. Procrastination does not allow for the student to thoroughly research the subject to ensure that the ideas are solely his or her own. Procrastination can cause a student to plagiarize by copying and pasting the information that is found. This practice can also cause a student to purchase the work of others from different sources. Intentional versus Unintentional Plagiarism Intentional plagiarism occurs when an individual knowingly uses the work of another as his or her own. A common form of intentional plagiarism is copying and pasting from multiple sources to construct a source and not giving the authors credit. Unintentional plagiarism occurs when an individual uses a series of words from a source and does not credit the author. A common form of unintentional plagiarism is rearranging the information that another author wrote by changing or omitting words (APA, 2010, pg. 171). Students sometimes forget to provide an in...
Words: 742 - Pages: 3
...assignment. Choose a nursing problem from your current practice setting, and identify a possible solution to that problem. Conduct a search of the literature related to this problem. Analyze and critically appraise evidence-based literature to support the solution to the identified problem. A minimum of (5) articles must be identified. This may include guidelines from the National Guideline Clearinghouse, Joanna Briggs Institute, or a review from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Review. Prepare a 10-minute (8-10 slides; no larger than 5 MB) PowerPoint presentation related to the problem, evidence appraisal, and practice implications. Include the following components into the presentation: 1. Present the nursing practice problem with the PICOT question. 2. Discuss your appraisal of the literature that addresses the problem. 3. Present the proposed practice changes from an integration of the findings. While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. NRS-433V Week 5 - Evidence-Based Practice Presentation - Healthcare Associated Infections To purchase this tutorial visit here:...
Words: 3147 - Pages: 13
...information from any source, i.e., (Burnette, 2013). Please refer to the APA Guide found under Instructor Guide > Course Overview, Course Materials > APA Guidelines for correct formatting of in-text citation. A Description and Analysis of How (your chosen artifact) Relates to the Values and Beliefs of My Culture Write your response to this element here. Remember to include in-text citations at the end of every paragraph in which you refer to information from any source, i.e., (Burnette, 2013). Please refer to the APA Guide found under Instructor Guide > Course Overview, Course Materials > APA Guidelines for correct formatting of in-text citation. The Cultural Roots of (your chosen artifact) Write your response to this element here. Remember to include in-text citations at the end of every paragraph in which you refer to information from any source, i.e., (Burnette, 2013). Please refer to the APA Guide found under Instructor Guide > Course Overview, Course Materials > APA Guidelines for correct formatting of in-text citation. The Historical Roots That Allowed (your chosen artifact) To Come Into Being Write your response to this element here. Remember to include in-text citations at the end of every paragraph in which you refer to information from any source, i.e., (Burnette, 2013). Please refer to the APA Guide found under Instructor Guide > Course Overview, Course Materials > APA Guidelines for correct formatting of in-text citation....
Words: 791 - Pages: 4
...PY1101 – Writing in Psychology APA 6th Edition “HOW TO” GUIDE In Psychology, we use the formatting guidelines as set out in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), 6th Edition. This is a starter guide to the APA formatting guidelines. This guide is not all-inclusive, but will help get you started for your first assignment. Burton’s ‘An interactive approach to writing essays and research reports in Psychology’ is the best guide to help you with APA formatting and referencing. There are other resources online and in the library also. Setting up the Format You need to consider all aspects of the format of the document. The easiest thing to do is to adjust your ‘default’ settings in Microsoft Word to the following: • Font = Times New Roman, Size 12 • This is non-negotiable • Line Spacing = double – everywhere (including the References) • Page Numbers = upper right corner • Title page should have a page number • Margins = 2.54cm (top, bottom, left & right) Headings |Level of Heading |Format | |1 |Centred, Boldface, Upper and Lowercase Heading | |2 |Flush Left, Boldface, Upper and Lowercase Heading | |3 | Indented,...
Words: 1452 - Pages: 6
...guide that offers academic authors guidance on various subjects for the submission of papers to the publications of APA. The APA states that the guidelines were developed to assist reading comprehension in the social and behavioural sciences, for clarity of communication and for "word choice that best reduces bias in language. on the structure of research papers of various kinds, spelling rules, an author-date reference style, construction of tables and graphs, plagiarism, formatting of papers, and much more. APA style is widely used, either entirely or with modifications, by hundreds of other scientific journals (including medical and other public health journals), in many textbooks, and in academia (for papers written in classes). Discussion: In the interest of transparency (and following the same procedure that was followed for the fifth edition), staff posted all of the corrections online in a single document on October 1, 2009, and shortly thereafter alerted users to the existence of the corrections in an APA blog entry. On the same day the corrections were posted, an individual posting to the Educational and Behavioural Sciences Section mailing-list of the American Library Association alerted readers to what she described as the "many" errors in the first printing, and speculated that "some but not all" would be corrected in a second printing. On October 5, 2009, APA staff responded to the note, clarifying that errors were found in the sample papers, that the papers had been...
Words: 1985 - Pages: 8
...Cross, | 1/21/2013 | | University Library User Manual Contents Online Access to Course Textbooks 5 My Papers 7 Grammar and Plagiarism Review: 7 River point Writer: 7 Grammar and Writing Guides 7 Element K Tutorials 8 Websites for Aid 9 Center for Mathematics Excellence 9 Step-By-Step Math Review 9 ALEKS Running Start - Practice 10 Building Math Confidence 12 Student Labs 13 Learning Team Toolkit 15 Useful Links 21 Submit a Paper for Review 21 WritePoint® 21 CWE Review 21 Plagiarism Checker 22 Reference and Citation Generator 22 APA Information 23 Sample Paper 24 Reference and Citation Examples 24 Reference and Citation Generator 24 APA Style Blog 24 Title Page Template 24 Riverpoint Writer 24 Grammar and Writing Guides 25 Student Resources Guide 25 o Math Resources 25 o Writing Resources 25 o Formatting and Writing Guidelines 25 o Technical Services 25 o Student Workshops and Labs 25 o University Library 26 o Learning Teams 26 o Critical Thinking 26 o University Disability Services 26 o Career Services 26 o University Perks 26 References 27 Library. (2013). Retrieved from https://portal.phoenix.edu/library.html 27 Online Access to Course Textbooks The University of Phoenix provides access to course materials and textbooks online. These materials can be printed, downloaded or viewed from your student web. Access is granted any time day or night and is available the day...
Words: 2797 - Pages: 12
...RESEARCH PAPER OUTLINE Final Research Paper Outline. Your assignment will begin with an APA-style title page followed by a formal outline that presents your thesis statement, topic sentences, and supporting information for each topic. You will need to refer to your Annotated Bibliography to locate appropriate sources for the claims you intend to present and cite these sources the body of your outline and on your reference page. Please check the Research Paper Guidelines, available in your online course, if you have any questions about the assignment topics. You are required to format your assignment as a full-sentence outline in APA style (see the Outline Form in the Ashford Writing Center) that includes source material from at least two scholarly sources from last week’s research along with additional research, if necessary. Be sure to leverage any useful feedback you have received from your instructor and classmates. Activity mode aims to provide quality study notes and tutorials to the students of ENG 122 WEEK 2 FINAL RESEARCH PAPER OUTLINE in order to ace their studies. ENG 122 WEEK 2 FINAL RESEARCH PAPER OUTLINE To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/eng-122-week-2-final-research-paper-outline/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM ENG 122 WEEK 2 FINAL RESEARCH PAPER OUTLINE Final Research Paper Outline. Your assignment will begin with an APA-style title page followed by a formal outline that presents your thesis statement, topic sentences...
Words: 1705 - Pages: 7
...What is APA Style? The acronym “APA” stands for “American Psychological Association.” The APA is a professional membership organization, whose members work or have degrees in Psychology. Many years back, some leaders in this organization created a format for papers, so that they would be more readable. Their style caught on with non-psychologists, too. Eventually, APA Style became widely used, especially in colleges and universities. APA Style is a format for writing papers. This format describes proper margins (one inch at the top, bottom, left, and right sides), the font size (12 points), the font types (Times New Roman or Arial fonts only), and the spacing (papers are double-spaced). In addition, there are formats for the title page (see example) and for the list of sources used for a paper (called “citations” or “references” or “reference list”). This handout provides examples, so that you will know what the standards are for papers at the university level. In case you feel you need extra help, here are links to the Writing Labs or Writing Centers of other universities. Help with APA Style for Citing References From the APA Style Web site and blog (URLs are below each entry) Sample papers http://search.apastyle.org/?query=&facet=stylecontenttype:Sample%20paperRecommended Web sites that will assist you in creating correct APA style Reference List citations: You put in the information for your sources, and this Web site creates your references in APA format...
Words: 497 - Pages: 2
