APA Style Guide
References Page or Bibliography
References include only sources that are cited in the text of your paper and this is usually what is required for APA style. If you are asked to include all sources you used as evidence of wider reading then you must create a Bibliography o o o o At the top of the page, write References or Bibliography, centered. Do not use all capital letters. Do not use italics. List the reference entries in alphabetical order according to the first word in each entry. o Start each entry on a new line, using a hanging indent. (In a hanging indent, the first line of the entry starts at the left margin. The remaining lines are indented one tab stop. To get a hanging indent in Word, select the entire reference entry, then go to Format—Paragraph—Direction and Indents—Special—Hanging.)

References
The following are examples of each type of reference you may need to include in your bibliography. Follow the examples below, using the information from your own sources. (Note: Italicize the titles of books, titles of periodicals, and periodical volume numbers.)

Books
Author(s) given: Author(s). (Year). Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher.
Example: Chomsky, N., & Halle, M. (1968). The sound patterns of English. New York: Harper & Row.

Note that for most titles, only the first word of the title and sub-title is capitalized, as well as proper nouns.

No author given: Title of book. (Year). Place of publication: Publisher.
Example: The business of roses. (1974). Los Angeles: Little and Long.

Chapter in a book: Author(s). (Year). Title of chapter. In Name of editor (Ed.), Title of book (pages). Place of publication: Publisher.
Example: O'Neil, J. M. , & Egan, J. (1992). Men's and women's gender role journeys: Metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B. R. Wainrib (Ed.), Gender issues across the life cycle (pp. 107-123). New York: Springer.

W. Radecki; adapted FH and JB Nov 25 2001; revised MZ/FH Feb 16 2004

Encyclopedias
Author(s) given: Author(s). (Year). Title of article. In Title of encyclopedia (volume, pages). Place of publication: Publisher.
Example: Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501 - 503). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.

No author given: Title of article. (Year). In Title of encyclopedia (volume, pages). Place of publication: Publisher.
Example: Diabetes. (1997). In The world book encyclopedia (Vol. 4, pp. 70-91). London: World Book, Inc.

CD-ROM: Title of article. (Year). In Title of CD-ROM encyclopedia. (edition). Publisher.
Example: Falcon. (1998). In World book multimedia encyclopedia. (Single disc edition). World Book, Inc.

Videos
Name of producer (Producer). (Year). Title of video [Videotape]. Place of production: Publisher or Distributor.
Example: Public Broadcasting System (Producer). (1997). The new urban renewal: Reclaiming our neighbourhoods [Videotape]. Alexandria, VA: PBS Video.

Interviews
Not included in list of references/bibliography. Cite in-text only.

Articles
From database: Author(s). (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume, pages. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from Name of database.

Notice that the date is always the second element in an APA citation.

Example: Hien, D. , & Honeyman, T. (2000). A closer look at the drug abuse-maternal aggression link. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15, 503-522. Retrieved May 20, 2000, from Proquest 5000 database.

Journal or magazine article: Author(s). (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume, pages.
Example: Hoose, J. , & Legrand, P. (2000). It takes parents, the whole village and school to raise children. Middle School Journal, 31, 32-37.

Note that for periodical titles, all significant words are capitalized.

W. Radecki; adapted FH and JB Nov 25 2001; revised MZ/FH Feb 16 2004

Newspaper article, author given: Author(s). (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Name of Newspaper, page.
Example: Jefferson, G. (1998, August 12). Microsoft to face lengthy court battle. Herald International, A1.

Newspaper article, no author: Title of article. (Year, Month Day). Name of Newspaper, page.
Example: New drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure. (1993, July 15). The Washington Post, A12.

Web sites
Author and date given: Author(s). (Year). Title of web page/site. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL
Example: Daly, B. (1997). Writing argumentative essays. Retrieved May 12, 1998, from http://www.eslplanet.com/teachertools/argueweb/frntpage.htm

Author given, but no date: Author(s). (n.d.). Title of web page/site. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL
Example: Nielsen, M. E. (n.d.). Notable people in psychology of religion. Retrieved August 3, 2001, from http://www.psywww.com/psyrelig/psyrelpr.htm

Date given, but no author: Title of web page/site. (Year). Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL
Example: Information literacy for librarians. (2004). Retrieved February 16, 2004, from http://www.ala.org/acrl/infolit.html

No author or date given: Title of web page/site. (n.d.). Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL
Example: Art movements in the 20th century. (n.d.) Retrieved February 8, 2000, from http://library.thinkquest.org/27629/features/art.html

When the author is an organization or group: Organization name. (Year). Title of article. Title of web page/site. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL
Example: United Nations. (2002). UN urges unhindered humanitarian access to Afghanistan. UN News Service. Retrieved May 20, 2002 from http://www.un.org/News/

W. Radecki; adapted FH and JB Nov 25 2001; revised MZ/FH Feb 16 2004