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Apache Module

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Submitted By ah14
Words 805
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{Module} | {Direktiven} | {FAQ} | {Glossar} | {Seitenindex}

Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2
{[ {HTTP-Server} > {Dokumentation} > {Version 2.2}
Anbindung
Verfьgbare Sprachen: { de } | { en } | { fr } | { ja } | { ko } | { tr }
Diese Ьbersetzung ist mцglicherweise nicht mehr aktuell. Bitte prьfen Sie die englische Version auf die neuesten Дnderungen.

Konfiguration der vom Apache verwendeten Adressen und Ports. * {Ьberblick} * {Betrachtung von IPv6-Besonderheiten} * {Das Zusammenspiel mit virtuellen Hosts}
Siehe auch * {Virtuelle Hosts} * {Probleme bezьglich DNS und Apache}
{[top]}
Ьberblick
Referenzierte Module Referenzierte Direktiven * {core} * {mpm_common}

* {} * {Listen}
Beim Start bindet sich der Apache an bestimmte Adressen und Ports der lokalen Maschine und wartet auf eingehende Anfragen. StandardmдЯig lauscht er an allen Adressen des Systems. Es muss ihm jedoch mitgeteilt werden, an bestimmten Ports zu lauschen oder nur an ausgewдhlten Adressen, bzw. einer Kombination aus beidem. Dies wird oft mit der Funktionalitдt virtueller Hosts kombiniert, die bestimmt, wie der Apache auf verschiedene IP-Adressen, Hostnamen und Ports reagiert.

Die Direktive {Listen} weist den Server an, eingehende Anfragen nur an bestimmten Ports oder Adress/Port-Kombinationen zu akzeptieren. Wenn bei der {Listen}-Direktive nur eine Portnummer angegeben wird, dann lauscht der Server auf allen Netzwerkinterfaces an dem angegebenen Port. Ist auch eine IP-Adresse angegeben, dann lauscht der Server an der angegebenen Schnittstelle auf dem angegebenen Port. Es kцnnen mehrere {Listen}-Anweisungen verwendet werden, um eine Reihe von Adressen und Ports anzugeben, an denen gelauscht werden soll. Der Server wird dann auf Anfragen an jeder der abgehцrten Adressen und Ports antworten.

Um beispielsweise den Server zu veranlassen, sowohl an Port 80, als auch an Port 8000 Verbindungen zu akzeptieren, geben Sie an:
Listen 80
Listen 8000

Um den Server Verbindungen an zwei bestimmten Netzwerkinterfaces und Ports zu akzeptieren zu lassen, geben Sie an:
Listen 192.0.2.1:80
Listen 192.0.2.5:8000

IPv6-Adressen mьssen wie im folgenden Beispiel in eckigen Klammern angegeben werden:
Listen [2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80
{[top]}
Betrachtung von IPv6-Besonderheiten

Eine wachsende Anzahl von Plattformen implementiert IPv6. Die {APR} unterstьtzt IPv6 auf den meisten dieser Plattformen und ermцglicht dem Apache, IPv6-Sockets zu verwenden und Anfragen zu behandeln, die ьber IPv6 gesendet wurden.

Fьr Apache-Administratoren kommt erschwerend die Frage hinzu, ob IPv6-Sockets sowohl IPv4- als auch IPv6-Verbindungen handhaben kцnnen. Zum Betrieb von IPv4-Verbindungen an IPv6-Sockets werden auf IPv6 abgebildete IPv4-Adressen (Anm.d.Ь.: so genannete IPv4-gemappte IPv6-Adressen) verwendet, welche standardmдЯig auf den meisten Plattformen erlaubt sind. Unter FreeBSD, NetBSD und OpenBSD jedoch sind sie standardmдЯig deaktiviert, um den Systemgrundsдtzen dieser Plattformen zu entsprechen. Doch selbst auf Systemen, wo dies standardmдЯig dekativiert ist, kann dieses Verhalten mit einem speziellen {configure}-Parameter fьr den Apache geдndert werden.

Auf der anderen Seite ist die Verwendung von gemappten Adressen bei einigen Plattformen wie Linux und True64 der einzige Weg, sowohl IPv4 wie auch IPv6 zu verwenden. Wenn Sie mцchten, dass der Apache IPv4- und IPv6-Verbindungen mit einem Minimum an Sockets behandelt, was die Verwendung von IPv4-gemappten IPv6-Adressen erfordert, dann mьssen Sie die {configure}-Option --enable-v4-mapped angeben.

--enable-v4-mapped ist die Voreinstellung auf allen Plattformen auЯer FreeBSD, NetBSD und OpenBSD, so dass Ihr Apache wahrscheinlich so ьbersetzt wurde.

Geben Sie wie in dem folgenden Beispiel bei allen {Listen}-Anweisungen eine IPv4-Adresse an, wenn Sie mцchten, dass Ihr Apache lediglich IPv4-Adressen behandelt, unabhдngig davon, was Ihre Plattform und die APR unterstьtzen:
Listen 0.0.0.0:80
Listen 192.0.2.1:80

Wenn Sie mцchten, dass der Apache IPv4- und IPv6-Verbindungen an separaten Sockets behandelt (d.h. IPv4-gemappte Adressen deaktiviert werden sollen) und Ihre Plattform es unterstьtzt, dann mьssen Sie die {configure}-Option --disable-v4-mapped angeben. Unter FreeBSD, NetBSD und OpenBSD ist --disable-v4-mapped voreingestellt.
{[top]}
Das Zusammenspiel mit virtuellen Hosts

{Listen} implementiert keine virtuellen Hosts. Es teilt dem Hauptserver lediglich mit, an welchen Adressen und Ports er zu lauschen hat. Werden keine {}-Container verwendet, verhдlt sich der Server bei allen angenommenen Anfragen gleich. {}-Abschnitte kцnnen jedoch dazu verwendet werden, ein unterschiedliches Verhalten fьr eine oder mehrere Adressen und Ports festzulegen. Um einen virtuellen Host einzurichten, muss dem Server zunдchst mitgeteilt werden, an den betreffenden Adressen und Ports zu lauschen. Dann sollte ein {}-Abschnitt fьr eine bestimmte Adresse und einen Port erstellt werden, um das Verhalten dieses virtuellen Hosts festzulegen. Beachten Sie bitte, dass auf einen {} nicht zugegriffen werden kann, wenn er fьr eine Adresse und einen Port eingerichtet wurde, an dem der Server nicht lauscht.
Verfьgbare Sprachen: { de } | { en } | { fr } | { ja } | { ko } | { tr }
Copyright 2009 The Apache Software Foundation.
Lizenziert unter der {Apache License, Version 2.0}.

{Module} | {Direktiven} | {FAQ} | {Glossar} | {Seitenindex}

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