Ramanuja Sreenivasan
Pd. 3
Evolution

1. Species diversity refers to the variety of different living things. Genetic diversity refers to the variations between individuals of a species — characteristics passed down from parents to their offspring. Ecosystem diversity refers to the great variety of abiotic and biotic things in the environment. They are important for stability and withstanding environmental affects like disease. 2. Humans affect biodiversity by over hunting/fishing, deforestation, climate change, pollution, and invasive species. 3. Natural Selection drives evolution. 4. Reproduce/Procreate 5. Mutation can be helpful by aiding in survival. For example a caterpillar looking like the leaf it is resting on. It can also be hurtful mutation like sickle-cell anemia. 6. Large gene pool so it can withstand disease and other things that could cause the species death. 7. Natural selection 8. Macroevolution is long-term evolution that can cause extinction or specialization/development in a species. Microevolution is short-term evolution that primarily impact small-scale changes like change in phenotypic ratios. 9. Speciation is when a new species can arise when members of a population become isolated for a long period of time. Geographic isolation is when species are separated from exchanging genes with other organisms of the same species and start to specialize within their own environment. Reproductive isolation occurs when two populations no longer produce viable offspring. This can be due to geographical isolation (they can’t mate with each other if they can get together) or due to other factors such as behavioral differences. 10. Fundamental niche is the total range of environmental conditions that are suitable for existence without the influence of interspecific competition. Realized niche is when there is competition. 11. Extinction is when all members of a species die; this could happen due to overhunting, disease, pollution, etc.

Weather 1. Weather occurs in troposphere. 2. Convection cells are caused by differences of pressure and heat; warm air and low-pressure rise and cold air and high pressure. Hadley cells from deserts at 30 degrees N and S of the equator, since as the warm air rises from the tropics making moist rain abundant climate it eventually falls as cold air and forms deserts. 3. Fisherman are the first to know, since in an El Nino year there are less fish due to the cold currents and more fish during an El Nina year due to the warm currents and more nutrients. 4. Low pressure is caused by hot air rising and a cold front is cased by dense cold air; this causes water molecules to condense and then eventually fall to the ground as precipitation. 5. A region with dry conditions found on the leeward side of a mountain range as a result of humid winds from the ocean causing precipitation on the windward side of a mountain.

Biomes and Aquatic Life 1. NPP decreases and moisture decreases. 2. As altitude increases, plants and animals and temp decrease 3. As longitude increases, plants and animals and temp decrease 4. Light decreases from Littoral to Benthic since Benthic is much lower to surface level than Littoral 5. Light decreases and depth increases from Coastal to Abyssal