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Apple

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Submitted By Chico79
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A Apple apresentava como missão inicial a pretensão de oferece computadores simples de utilizar, no entanto alterou esta para "Apple will be a leader in providing simple, powerfull, high quality information products and services for people who learn, comunicate and create" tendo em conta a sua estratégia de diferenciação.
Para aplicar a sua estratégia a organização utiliza pessoas com elevada formação experiência para as suas lojas e desenvolvimento de novos produtos. No caso de funcionários de lojas estes devem ser especializados no que vendem de forma a ensinar e explicar os produtos aos seus clientes, apostando num elevado número de funcionários por m² nas suas lojas para que nenhum cliente seja descurado. No caso dos recursos humanos para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos utiliza o método de brainstormings de forma a promover o pensamento criativo.
Contratam também bastantes colaboradores de Taiwan para a produção dos seus produtos de forma a reduzir os seus custos sem prejudicar a sua estratégia.
De forma a manter os seus funcionários motivados, o seu pacote salarial passa por uma parte fixa e outra variável assente em "stock options".
O estilo da organizacional apresenta-se idêntico ao da gestão de topo, Steve Jobs, ou seja visionário. A informalidade é outro aspecto muito importante da empresa dando aos funcionários liberdade de expressão no que vestem. Para além disto outro ponto importante é o culto da marca seguido quase como uma religião pelos seus clientes.
De forma a manter o seu estilo visionário a empresa possui vários saberes, sendo os saberes tácitos a criação de um sentimento de pertença e exclusividade no seu consumidor. Como saberes explícitos possui o seu design de produtos superior, a interface amigável que oferece, o seu departamento de R&D e as suas parcerias rentáveis. Todos estes saberes resultam na criação de valor percebido no produtos pelo cliente.
A Apple possuía inicialmente uma estrutura simples no entanto com a entrada da empresa na bolsa em 1980, esta alterou-se para uma estrutura divisionária por produtos criando assim uma maior coordenação. No entanto a estrutura foi incapaz de criar economias de escala visto os produtos serem pouco similares e em 1985 optou por uma estrutura funcional promovendo assim o desenvolvimento de novas capacidades e aprendizagem, o controlo centralizado pelo CEO, reduzir os custos e alcançar uma estratégia de produto mais coerente e de acordo com os seus saberes.

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