...Introduction Bill is a man that has dementia and lives with his niece Jane. He oftens asked the same questions regularly this annoys Jane because she thinks he is doing this on badness, so she shouts into his face this scares and she also pushes him onto his bed, this causes bruising to Bill. This abuse is both physical and psychological abuse. Physical abuse is abuse that hurts the person the body and psychological abuse is harming the person’s mental state. With some forms of abuse in the UK physical and psychological abuse are both at 0.4%. 37% of abusers are family members, the category that Jane is fitted in. While in the Republic of Ireland 1.2% psychological and 0.5% physical of people 65+ were abused. The physical effect on Bill will be a major problem in the long term because it can cause other illnesses with brittle bones having a very change of breaking some of his bones. This can be very serious, especially if he breaks his hip because a large percentage of old people that break their hip dies, so it is very likely to result in death. Since Jane hurts him, he won’t get fed as much as he normally would have because he’ll not able to fed himself which is obviously dangerous because that can also result in early death but before that he will be more vulnerable to sickness and will have a weaker immune system. The emotional distress will be very likely to happen to Bill as a result to Jane’s action because he already is mentally unstable due to dementia being...
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...Education is central to an empowerment approach to health promotion Education has a vital role to play in the empowerment process and is thus central to health promotion. It was not always seen this way, however, and in the early 1980s, health education had a rough time of it. Some writers criticised health education for being, as they saw it, a series of individually focused campaigns designed to change lifestyles, and which therefore disempowered people by 'blaming the victim' for their own ill-health (Rodmell and Watt, 1986). As a result there was for some time an emphasis on health promotion, which was seen as advocating structural changes to the social, political and public health fabric of society. This polarisation lead to the marginalisation of health education, and indeed of all educational activity, in favour of socially focused approaches, for some years. In the mid 1980s there was a fight back on behalf of health education (Tones, 1987). It was particularly significant that the Ottawa Charter (WHO, 1986) placed education firmly at the heart of health promotion when it suggested five areas for action within health promotion, one of which was predominantly individual and educational – the enhancement of the individual with the knowledge, skills and motivation to make competent decisions about their health’. Health education and health promotion tend now to be seen as overlapping spheres (Green and Kreuter, 1991) and the differences between them as about...
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...three different approaches to health education, explaining two models of behaviour change that have been used in recent health education campaigns, and assessing how the social context may influence the ability of health education campaigns to change behaviour in relation to health. Health promotion involves doing things to prevent disease and to improve individual and community’s health. Health promotion offers solutions to many of the health problems facing society such as obesity, lack of exercise and smoking though developing skills and knowledge, community action, supportive environments, healthy public policy and health services. Health promotion helps individuals or communities to increase control over and improve their health and wellbeing. The features of health promotion are that it is based on a holistic view of health; it uses participatory approaches it focuses on the determinants and addressing of health not just health problems and conditions. These include the social, behavioural, environmental and economic conditions that are the root cause of poor health, wellbeing and illness such as education, income, employment, working conditions, social status. Health promotion builds on existing strengths and assets and it uses multiple, complementary approaches to promote health for the individual, community and population as a whole. There are three main approaches to health education. The approaches have been used to as a way to improve the health of individual. The...
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...Cambridge TECHNICALS OCR LEVEL 3 CAMBRIDGE TECHNICAL CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES FOR HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE A/601/2404 LEVEL 3 UNIT 7 GUIDED LEARNING HOURS: 30 UNIT CREDIT VALUE: 5 PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES FOR HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE A/601/2404 LEVEL 3 UNIT 7 AIM OF THE UNIT Psychology is the study of the human mind and behaviour. This unit aims to explain the reasons people do the things they do when it comes to health and wellbeing. The mind and the body are interlinked, e.g. stress caused by daily hassles or lifestyle can have a detrimental effect on the body’s immune system and can lead to serious illness. Psychologists have given us many ways to explain human behaviour and this unit is designed to enable learners to apply what they have learnt to their own practice; from helping people overcome emotional problems to dealing with challenging behaviours. The knowledge and understanding gained throughout the unit will benefit all those who work with others, be it people who use services, their friends and family, and other professionals. A wide range of perspectives is covered which can then be applied to many different health and social care settings. The behaviourists and social learning theorists can help to explain how health related behaviours are learnt as well as ways to teach new behaviours to people who use services. The humanists, on the other hand, provide us with a set of guidelines for working with...
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...Taylor Reflection : Insights into primary health care : There is at least one common characteristic between different countries in the field of health is access to care. Needs of health are insufficiently covered by the provision of health services. Several policies have been implemented in this direction. Today, work focuses on the primary health care concept following the Alma Ata Declaration. The philosophy behind PHC (primary health care) is based upon: • holistic understanding and recognition of the multiple determinants of health • equity in health care • community participation and control over health services • focus on health promotion and disease prevention • accessible, affordable, acceptable technology • health services based upon research methods. These philosophical ideals have been variously interpreted into strategies and services which further the ideals. Primary health care strategies include needs based planning and decentralised management, education, intersectoral cooperation, multi-disciplinary heath workers and a balance between health promotion, disease prevention and treatment. Services to provide primary health care should be locally based, affordable and acceptable, well integrated and offer a multi-disciplinary range of care from health promotion to rehabilitation. This original ideal of primary health care has become known as comprehensive PHC. This is in contrast to selective primary health care which is more medically focused with...
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...Educational Needs Assessment:Annotated Bibliography Akhtar-Danesh, N., Valaitis, R.K., Schofield, R., Underwood, R., Martin-Misener, A., & Kolotylo, C. (2010). A questionnaire for assessing community health nurses' learning needs. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 32(8), 1055-1072. This journal covers the important stages of the Learning needs assessment and how it impacts every educational process that is aimed to inform changes in practice and policy for continuing professional development. Professional opportunities have been widely used as a basis for the development of learning needs assessment. This article reports on the development of a learning needs assessment questionnaire for Community Health Nurses (CHNs). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine the consistency of factors underpinning the Canadian Community Health Nursing (CCHN) Standards. Also, validity and reliability of the questionnaire were evaluated using appropriate techniques. This process resulted in a valid and reliable CHN learning needs assessment questionnaire to measure learning needs of large groups of practitioners, where other forms of measurement cannot be feasibly conducted. Aydin, A.K., & Karadaq, A. (September-October 2010). Assessment of nurses knowledge and practice in prevention and management of deep tissue injury and stage 1 pressure ulcer. Journal of Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nursing, 37(5), 487-494. This is a good overview from a well-known...
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...Promoting health in secondary schools Ruth Joyce Marilyn Toft and Eric Winstone The authors Ruth Joyce is County Adviser in Drugs and Health Education, Cambridge County Council, Cambridge, UK. Marilyn Toft is Training Co-ordinator at Lewisham Education Authority, Lewisham, UK. Eric Winstone is Deputy Principal of Sir Harry Smith Community College, Whittlesey, Cambridgeshire, UK. Abstract Describes the Promoting Health in Secondary Schools project, which was commissioned by the Health Education Authority in January 1994. The aim of the project was to support regional and local education and health professionals and colleagues in secondary schools in their efforts to develop effective whole-school approaches to health at the levels of both policy and practice. The work was coordinated by the Institute of Education and Goldsmith’s College, University of London. Gives, as an example of what can be achieved, a range of future projects identified by one of the secondary schools involved. Concludes that the project was able to stimulate healthy alliances, create opportunities for sharing effective practice and influence local funding priorities. Evaluation showed that health issues, if developed in a whole-school context, can articulate closely with wider school and community concerns about making school more effective and increasing school achievement. Regrets that the project was not extended beyond the stage described. The Health Education Authority commissioned the Promoting...
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...Health Literacy: Key to increasing Patient Safety and Healthcare Quality Healthcare literacy is as essential as basic academic education. It enables one to understand the medical aspects of their body, along with pointing them in the correct direction regarding how to take care of it, illness prevention, and basic healthcare measures (Health Literacy, 2010). It acts as an important aspect in increasing patient safety and healthcare quality – both crucial elements of a healthcare organization and its functioning. However, a very alarming issue is that there exist a huge percentage of population, which has low health literacy, or is completely health illiterate. Although there have been various measures taken targeting this issue, there still...
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...rather than personality issues. Through the use of active techniques and psycho education, cognitive-behavioral therapy changes behaviors and cognitions. Due to cognitive-behavioral approaches relying heavily on psycho education, the role of the social worker is to educate clients on maintaining a healthy standing, mentally and behaviorally. Cognitive-behavioral theories are based on the idea that our feelings, thoughts, and behavior are all connected. Cognitive-behavioral approaches integrate both behavioral and cognitive approaches in order to change thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Behavioral approaches use classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social...
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...disease and promoting health. As healthcare evolves and changes over time, so has the role of the nurse. They will be seeing an increase in their responsibilities in implementing health promotion and disease prevention that can be approached in three different levels, primary, secondary and tertiary health promotion prevention. Health promotion is the process of helping people improve their lifestyle and taking steps towards more optimal health. The purpose of health promotion in nursing practice is just that, to help those they care for increase their health and quality of life. The nurse implements this improvement in several different areas. The nurse collaborates with those around them, other nurses, physicians, social workers and other interdisciplinary staff. The nurse advocates for individuals to ensure they are receiving the care they deserve and to help the individual learn to advocate for themself. The nurse is a case manager, collecting information and passing it along. They are a consultant and educator, teaching and providing information to help promote the health of the individual, family and community. The nurse provides direct services and follows the provider’s orders. Healer, the nurse helps those under their care balance the different parts of their lives. The nurse is a researcher, learning and finding evidence-based practice to help promote health and prevent disease (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). When looking at health promotion and the prevention...
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...decrease employer health related costs and loss of outputs while increasing the knowledge and buy in of employees. If employees have limited understanding of benefit programs and the programs themselves are obsolete to employee needs and current trends, the sponsoring organization is wasting financial resources and contributing to the potential decrease in employee productivity due to unmet health and wellness related needs. Martocchio (2014), discusses the responsibilities of benefit professionals as providing assistance to employees surrounding education on the various options of benefit programs as well as their need for expertise in designing and administering benefits programs. He further discusses the importance of benefit professionals remaining current on trends and innovative approaches to practices and development of benefit programs. The text additionally states that many employees have minimal understanding of the wordage and regulations attached to the components of the benefits packages. Traditional approaches to developing and marketing health and wellness benefit programs in the organizational culture can prove to be financially costly to employers and unbeneficial to employees. Traditional approaches have focused on the employee having to decipher things, read through thick packets and often times in a reactive manner due to an issue they were unable to address to due lack of clarity. Throughout this document, I will discuss alternative approaches to engaging...
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...TOPIC: A contrast and comparison of community psychology and public health 1. Introduction Community psychology and public health are disciplines that form part of psychology mainly concern with health. Community psychology focuses on physical and mental health promotion, empowerment and social action, while the focus of public health is on health promotion and disease prevention. These two differ in some aspect and also have existing similarities. They can also complement each other have greater impact on community health when integrated. This essay will attempt to reveal the differences, similarities as well as the strength and weakness of these two approaches, it will further conclude by discussing how they complement each other. Firstly a brief overview and historical background will be given for a better understanding. 2. Overview and historical background Community psychology movement developed in the USA, during an era when there was growing concern about both lack of resources and treatment facilities and the impact of social systems on the human psyche (Iscoe& Speilberger, cited in New perspective in community psychology, 2002) In the 1980s it then gained interest in South Africa, in parallel with the struggle for democracy, when psychologist examined the appropriateness’ of Euro-American based psychology. Public health on the other hand was developed during the era of industrial revolution. It was stimulated by unhealthy social conditions in both industrialised...
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...Health promotion is of great importance to nursing because it has long been acknowledged in nursing literature as fundamental to health care. A dramatic increase in chronic lifestyle diseases has prompted an emphasis on health promotion (Egger et al, 1990). Health promotion can be defined as the process of enabling people to increase control over their health and to improve their health WHO (1986) cited in (Bright, 1997). However, health promotion is commonly confused with health education and yet health education, is an instrument in health promotion together with health protection and illness prevention. Without knowledge people cannot make healthy choices about their lifestyles therefore health education is very much a part of health promotion (Tannahill, 1985) cited in (Bright, 1997). This assignment is going to be based on a health initiative towards a group of young adult smokers within age range of seventeen and twenty five years. The author has chosen smoking because more young people continue to take up cigarette smoking and yet smoking has been identified as the biggest single cause of preventable ill health and premature deaths in the United Kingdom (DOH, 1999). The paper is going to support the choice of the topic with statistics and what the government is saying. The needs of the young adult smokers are going to be identified and these needs are going to be addressed through interactive lecture approach. It is essential to consider a health promotion model as...
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...Capella University Annotated Reference List Anonymous. (2001). Code of ethics of the American mental health counselors association. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 23(1), 2-21. Written by and for the American Mental Health Counselors Association, the Code of Ethics reflects the oath in which individuals in the mental health profession agree to take upon embarking on their career. The preamble of the code of ethics opens the document and reiterates the belief that dignity and worth of individuals are at the forefront of services. In addition, it touches upon basic requirements to assess, interview, consult, write reports, respond to subpoenas, and offer expert testimony during one’s career in mental health. The code of ethics state individuals will also act according to any applicable state and federal law. With this, they must possess appropriate knowledge and competence prior to practicing and will not offer personal opinions or bias while conducting business. Overall, the code of ethics is an inclusive set of principles of what is explicitly allowed and not allowed by an individual in the mental health industry. The code of ethics relates to the final ideal organization project in that it applies to all places of employment concerned with mental health. As a whole, this source seems legit and conclusive but according to the website for the American Mental Health Counselors Association, a new version exists. For the purpose of the project, it will be of worth to...
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...different countries in the field of health is access to care. Needs of health are insufficiently covered by the provision of health services. Several policies have been implemented in this direction. Our present work focuses on the primary health care concept that became the basis for the WHO following the Alma Ata Declaration (1978) that should lead to the goal of health for all. First, we discuss the similarities between models of primary health care described by Carl Taylor and those described by other authors, and then identify the other models described in the literature. Analysis of Carl Taylor on PHC: similitude and contrast Carl Taylor identifies in its analysis on primary health care, four approaches: Community-Oriented Primary health care (COPHC), the Alma Ata Declaration, the Community-based primary health care (CBPHC) and seed-scale. - COPHC: This is an approach that is divided into four phases: the definition and characterization of the community identify health problems of the community, the development of interventions and monitoring the impact of interventions. It is an approach developed from Kark’s experience conducted in South Africa (“Pholela”) and was also presented by Henry Perry in his bibliography. There is a similarity between this approach and the actions of the NGO "SEARCH" and "Tiyatien health". - Alma Ata: Carl Taylor is one of the actors of the conference of Alma Ata whose spirit is to provide “essential health care based on practical,scientifically...
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