...Christi Bickford POS 301 – Arizona and Federal Government November 11, 2012 Arizona Statehood This was the oldest time in Arizona history. There were various types of people living at this time. One of which is the Paelo people. The Hohokam people settled in the southern parts of Arizona in the early 300’s. The Hohokams introduced highly extensive canals and watering systems.. The Hohokam and Anasazi people began the process of finding new ways to be successful in producing agricultural crops. As time when on, the Hohokam people became very advanced in irrigation. They contributed to the creation and establishment of more advanced irrigation networks. Around 500BC the Pueblo people came to Arizona. These people built many elaborate residences, for those times, in the region. They were a people that developed the use of cotton fiber and underground chambers to build their homes. It is a very amazing history of the beginnings of Arizona. The people of the time were very much advanced for the time and began to master crops and homes that would flourish in the Arizona territory. During this time the Spanish colonist began to steadily populate Arizona. They were in search of the silver and other hidden treasure of the territory. Many Spanish colonists including Fray Marcos and other colonist came looking for the sliver deposits they had trouble making the territory bigger. The Apache and Tohono O’odham Indian tribes would not allow the colonist to travel north...
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...Arizona Statehood and Constitution "I believe in the United States of America as a Government of the people, by the people, for the people; whose just powers are derived from the consent of the governed; a democracy in a republic; a sovereign Nation of many sovereign States; a perfect union, one and inseparable; established upon those principles of freedom, equality, justice, and humanity for which American patriots sacrificed their lives and fortunes. I therefore believe it is my duty to my country to love it; to support its Constitution; to obey its laws; to respect its flag; and to defend It against all enemies." Tyler, W (1918) -- The American's Creed. The Spanish Period, Arizona is the youngest of all the states, and the last of the 48 states to be admitted to the Statehood in 1912. Arizona’s history goes back hundreds of years. In 1535, the Spanish explorer Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, with three companions, found their way to Arizona; where Cabeza de Vaca was perhaps the first European explorer to enter Arizona territory. Arizona history states that, “His report led to further explorations of the region. The Spaniards heard stories about the great wealth of the Seven Cities of Cibola. They grew eager to find this treasure”. In the 1600s Antonio de Espejo and Juan de Onate found minerals that would make Arizona rich and increase Spanish interest in the territory. In 1752 the Spanish established the first white settlement. The Arizona history states that “the 18th...
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...Arizona Statehood & Constitution Kelli Miller Grand Canyon University: POS 301 January 22, 2013 Arizona Statehood & Constitution Arizona is recorded to have began in 1539 by the Europeans with the first documented exploration of the area by Marcos de Niza. Arizona was part of Mexico because the population was small. The United States took possession in 1848 after the Mexican-American War. Arizona split off from New Mexico in 1863, and became a state on February 14, 1912. Arizona still continues to grow today as a state in population, with retirees and tourism. I will be describing and analyzing events that have impacted Arizona becoming a state. Preterritorial Period The earliest cultures of Arizona can be speculated to have appeared around 25,000 BC. In 500 A.D., the more defined cultures emerged being known as the Hohokam whom was pit dwellers that specialized in irrigation systems. They brought water by way of canals to grow crops; and many of the remains of their canals still can be traced. The Casa Grande tells us a great deal about the achievements of the civilization. Beginning in the 11th Century, the Pueblo developed underground chambers to build their homes and cotton fiber. They lived in elaborate cliff dwellings, unlike the Hohokam. Around this time, Spanish colonist began to populate the territory in search of fortune. The Apache and Navajo whom exited Canada in the 13th century began to settle the land. This time was known for many battles and...
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...Arizona Statehood and Constitution Arizona and Federal Government November 18, 2012 Part 1: Arizona Statehood There are many events which impacted the process of Arizona becoming a state. Each of these events is not only historical, but they are what allowed the Arizona Constitution to be written in 1910 and to finally become a state in 1912. The Arizona Constitution, when first adopted, was seen as one of the most radical documents in the United States, and even today it still has many contrasts to the U.S. Constitution. Some of the events which helped to shape the Arizona Constitution, as well as make it an official state are the Pre-territorial Period, the Spanish Period, The Mexican Period, the U.S. Controlled Period, the Territorial Period and the impact of the Progressive movement on the creation of the Arizona constitution. First, the Pre-territorial Period is probably the most politically unknown because it is impossible to reconstruct how these prehistoric communities felt about politics and democracy. However, evidence shows that people inhabited Arizona for thousands of years before the Europeans. Indians were considered to be the “first citizens” established in Arizona, long before it became a state. There are three major cultures which lived in this state, which were the Apache, the Navajo, the Hohokam and Mogollon. The Hohokam disappeared around the mid 1400’s but historians do not know why. Each group was complex in their social organizations...
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...United States v. Arizona: The Support Our Law Enforcement and Neighborhoods Act is Preempted and Discriminatory Melissa Goolsarran Table of Contents I. Introduction 1 II. Perspective: Immigration, Discrimination, and Limitations on State Laws 3 III. Background: United States v. Arizona 9 A. S.B. 1070 and the Legislature’s Justification 10 B. The Decision: United States v. Arizona 18 IV. Analysis: S.B. 1070 is Preempted by Federal Immigration Law and Also Discriminatory 23 A. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals Correctly found that S.B. 1070 is Preempted Because it Interferes with the Administration and Enforcement of Federal Immigration Laws 24 B. S.B. 1070 Discriminates on the Basis of Race or National Origin 32 V. Comment and Conclusion: Effects of the Arizona Law 36 I. Introduction The Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act (“S.B. 1070”) has been the subject of many debates for both its potential impact on federal immigration laws and discrimination against citizens and legal residents of Hispanic origin. The Arizona State Legislature passed S.B. 1070 to reduce the continuous rise in the number of illegal immigrants and alleged consequent rise in crime rates in the state. Among other provisions, the law requires officers to check a person's immigration status, criminalizes an alien’s failure to comply with federal registration laws and working without authorization, and authorizes warrantless arrests where there is probable cause...
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...Arizona and Federal Government 07/11/2014 The Preterritorial Period During Circa 10,000 B.C, Prehistoric Paleo inhabitants were present in Arizona. On Circa 2,000 B.C., Cochise Culture was originated and developed in what is now called southern Arizona. The Cochise people are known for growing vegetables; they also grow corn. During Circa 300 B.C., Hohokam settled in southern Arizona. From 1000 B.C. through 1,000 A.D, the Hohokam and Anasazi people created irrigation canals, agricultural villages, roads, and also complex ceremonial centers. On 500 A.D., Sinagua were seen farming near San Francisco Peaks. The years 700-1100 A.D. showed great progress and developments. During this period, Anasazi culture was developed in its Pueblo Period. During this period they used adobe bricks, stone slabs, mud, and sticks in order to create homes. During this time period, Kivas(underground ceremonial chambers) and cotton fabrics were established. On 1064 A.D., Sunset Crater erupts. From the dates of 1276-1299 A.D., a Great drought occurs in Arizona. During Circa 1300 A.D., the Casa Grande is built near the Gila River. Finally, during the Circa 1400 A.D., a culture decline is prevalent among the pre-historic groups. The Spanish Period The Spanish Period occurred during the years of 1528 through 1821. From the years of 1528 to 1536, an eight-year odyssey of Cabeza de Vaca along with his companions occurred. They were shipwrecked...
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...have the original eight traditional villages. They are also located in the Southeastern part of Arizona, mainly in and around Tucson, where their reservation is located. There is Yaqui people living in other parts of the United States as well, mainly in the Southwestern states such as California and Nevada. The reason for Yaqui Indians migrating to the U.S. is because of the wars between the Yaqui and New Spain, and then later on with the Mexican republic. This period of war began in 1533 and lasted almost 400 years. The main reason for the war was for rights to the land and marine that the Yaqui had....
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...Running head: Arizona Constitution Arizona Constitution Arizona Constitution Arizona became the forty-eighth state on February 14, 1912. Many events led to the admission of Arizona as a state in the Union and are recognized in the following timeline. ❖ Arizona History – 1700’s • Arizona was first explored by the Spanish • 1539 – Father Marcos de Niza explores Arizona and claims it for Spain • 1752 – First permanent Spanish settlement was established in Tubac • 1776 – A Spanish fort is built at Tucson ❖ Arizona History – 1800’s • 1821 – Mexico gains military control of Arizona • 1821 – Trappers and traders from the United States came into Arizona • 1848 – United States won the Mexican War and gained all of Arizona, north of the Gila River through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • 1850 - The Great Compromise organized this new territory and allowed for division of the territory into states to be admitted to the Union in the Future • 1854 – The rest of Arizona becomes part of the United States by the Gadsden Purchase • 1891 – An Arizona Constitution was written and passed by voters. While the US House of Representatives also passed the constitution, the Senate did not approve statehood. ❖ Arizona History – 1900’s ...
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...The name "Apache" is a Zuni word meaning “enemy”. Zuni are member of a pueblo Indian who are people of western New Mexico. The Apache tribe consists of several subtribes: the Western Apache, Chiricahua, Mescalero, Jicarilla, Lipan and Kiowa. Some contemporary Apache tribal governments are located in Arizona, New Mexico, and Oklahoma. There are also Apache reservations located in Arizona and New Mexico. In Oklahoma, the Apache land was allotted in severalty under the Dawes Act. Oklahoma Apaches became U.S citizens in 1907, however Apaches in Arizona and New Mexico was not granted U.S. citizenship until 1924. The United States tried to terminate its governmental relationship with native tribes in the 50’s, the U.S has since adopted a policy of...
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...California has had their fair share of problems regarding the amount of water that had supposed to been allocated to them or surplus water that the other states never used. In the 1930’s, Southern California’s rights to the river water were thought to be settled and solidified when several agencies signed water delivery contracts with the Secretary of the Interior. The contracts stated the priorities, to use and store California’s portion of the California River water. Over the past 25 years or so, more than 20 cases of Indian land and water rights have been settled and there is still work to be done. Many Indian tribes now occupy the Colorado River with rightful claims to water. Most of the many Indian tribes reside in the state of Arizona. The Navajo Nation is one of the...
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...Assessment of Human Trafficking Cole Bootz Arizona State University Abstract Assessing the crime of Human Trafficking over the Arizona border from Mexico there were a lot of effective methods and non-effective methods used when trying to prevent human trafficking. It was most commonly found in my research, there were more ineffective methods than effective ones. During the assessment I continually focus on the more positive ways to combat human trafficking because of the significant impact the positive results have been outweighing the negative and ineffective results. What was discovered is that the border patrol is an extremely answer to finding and preventing human trafficking over the Mexico/Arizona border and how they are trained and what is planned to make them better at defending the borders. Other ways that have been found most effective are charities and campaigns and charities that bring light to the human trafficking situation that have been shown to be very effective as well, though not as proactive. Throughout there will be provided evidence to give examples and proof of how well the strategies legitimately work, and what can be added to improve the effectiveness of the implemented policies. Human trafficking is a tremendous problem that plagues America, with a growing issue such as this ideal solutions need to be found in order so stop the imminent threat of Human Trafficking. Various ideas and tactics have been implemented to counteract trafficking...
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...market research with attached example questionnaire. The inclusive tour programme designed by the “Travel Wizards” is a ranch-based holiday in Arizona, USA tailored for novice and experienced horse riders. Several flight options are available from various departure points within UK to suit customers’ individual preferences. The accommodation are different types of ranches, varying between a working ranch, guest ranch, working/guest ranch or luxurious ranch with gourmet food. Customers can also choose the intensity of riding, as some may prefer a compromise between riding and spa treatments, tennis, golf or sightseeing stunning places, such as the Grand Canyon. The price for this holiday package are per person, based on a double occupancy available from 4 up to 14 nights. Flights, accommodation, meals, most of the ranch activities, taxes and transfers are included in the price. Research Report Political Factors Terrorism Threat – The terrorism threat is general. The attacks could be indiscriminate, including locations frequented by foreigners. The threat against UK citizens and interests is considered to be hightened and fueled by the conflict in Iraq and Syria. Relations – Close connection between the United States and the United Kingdom is called a "Special Relationship", as it characterizes the strong ties between the two governments –...
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...to state; both of these will have a significant impact on how a company conducts business. Real property and personal property laws also vary between the states and play a significant role in business decisions. Research into insurance laws, environmental regulations, and the impact of real versus personal property laws in states considered for business operations is paramount to a successful business venture. Real and personal property acquisition A whitewater rafting business requires operating from the ground up. In searching for the best place suited to start up this business three sites where chosen, the Nolichucky River in North Carolina, the Chattooga River in South Carolina, and the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon in Arizona. There are two kinds of property, personal and real. Personal property in all three states is classified as movable. Mobile homes are classed as personal property and may be acquired with minimal formality. According to all state laws, mobile homes as personal property depreciate in value. Real property is immovable or attached to the land and the civil law protects the status of real property in real estate markets. Accountants "distinguish personal property from real property because personal property can be depreciated faster than improvements while land is not depreciable at all" (Wikipedia, 2012 Feb. 19). There are certain fees and other expenses that become part of the cost basis in the property. Real properties are...
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...Navajos is a valued tradition in cultural Anthropology in the Western United States that dates back and has drastically changed throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This is a critical subject and has grown through the diversities that it once martyred through this free country. I accept and will be expressing a few points throughout my paper that is of importance in my eyes to see the changes it has bestowed upon us who is not a part of their everyday cultural life and with the Natives who live this lifestyle everyday. Many of the cultured ways of living for the Navajo is geared towards families. They have for many years had ceremonies and rituals in forms of healing. They have ceremonies that can last up to nine days and some that are as little as two. Most of the more severe illnesses take the latter length of the rituals. In some of the ceremonies they have paintings or alters. Also there are many rituals that contain the head dress of the chanter. A chanter is the one who studies to do the rituals and there may be up to 58 chants and prayers that they need to learn. They may not have to always learn that many chants because if they can't they can choose to specialize in particular ones. For example there is a celebrating of maturity among the navajo. This is evidence that they are entering womanhood. ...
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...The Cocopah Indian Tribe is one of the numerous Native American tribes of Arizona that is continuously active. Its strong sense of culture and participation in its surrounding civilization has helped it thrive as one of the most well known tribes still in existence. The Cocopah’s extensive history as an early Yuman community and its current cultural influence in Arizona make it acknowledged as both an intriguing tribe and major source of the state’s ethnic identity. The Cocopah Indian Tribe of Arizona, otherwise called “the River People,” originated in lands along the Colorado River and Lower Colorado River as one of the several descendant tribes of the Yuman-speaking people (“About Us”). The name “Cocopah” derives from the tribe’s name for...
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