...Arizona Statehood & Constitution Kelli Miller Grand Canyon University: POS 301 January 22, 2013 Arizona Statehood & Constitution Arizona is recorded to have began in 1539 by the Europeans with the first documented exploration of the area by Marcos de Niza. Arizona was part of Mexico because the population was small. The United States took possession in 1848 after the Mexican-American War. Arizona split off from New Mexico in 1863, and became a state on February 14, 1912. Arizona still continues to grow today as a state in population, with retirees and tourism. I will be describing and analyzing events that have impacted Arizona becoming a state. Preterritorial Period The earliest cultures of Arizona can be speculated to have appeared around 25,000 BC. In 500 A.D., the more defined cultures emerged being known as the Hohokam whom was pit dwellers that specialized in irrigation systems. They brought water by way of canals to grow crops; and many of the remains of their canals still can be traced. The Casa Grande tells us a great deal about the achievements of the civilization. Beginning in the 11th Century, the Pueblo developed underground chambers to build their homes and cotton fiber. They lived in elaborate cliff dwellings, unlike the Hohokam. Around this time, Spanish colonist began to populate the territory in search of fortune. The Apache and Navajo whom exited Canada in the 13th century began to settle the land. This time was known for many battles and...
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...Abstract: The following paper will review the government of Arizona and how laws come into effect within the state system. It will establish an understanding of the initiative to create a bill in the Arizona Constitution and the laws and their significance to the citizens of the state of Arizona. These laws and initiatives continue to be the foundation for the government and the people of Arizona that drive the Constitution of the people of Arizona and their current government. Introduction In the state of Arizona, private citizens also have the ability to be lawmakers. Voters have the power of the initiative, referendum, and recall at the state level and in their cities and counties. In an initiative, voters propose a new law or amendment to the State Constitution. Voters collect signatures to have the initiative placed on the ballot for a vote. At election time, people vote for or against the new law or amendment. In a referendum, citizens vote on whether a current law should remain in effect. If the citizens are dissatisfied with how an elected official is representing them, they may vote to recall, or remove the official from the office. These provisions are the major force in Arizona’s political environment. This paper will explore the methods of how a law is introduced in the state of Arizona, as well as current initiative or legislative bill that is currently being considered in Arizona. In introducing a law, there are specific methods that should be followed. A...
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...Running head: Arizona Constitution Arizona Constitution Arizona Constitution Arizona became the forty-eighth state on February 14, 1912. Many events led to the admission of Arizona as a state in the Union and are recognized in the following timeline. ❖ Arizona History – 1700’s • Arizona was first explored by the Spanish • 1539 – Father Marcos de Niza explores Arizona and claims it for Spain • 1752 – First permanent Spanish settlement was established in Tubac • 1776 – A Spanish fort is built at Tucson ❖ Arizona History – 1800’s • 1821 – Mexico gains military control of Arizona • 1821 – Trappers and traders from the United States came into Arizona • 1848 – United States won the Mexican War and gained all of Arizona, north of the Gila River through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • 1850 - The Great Compromise organized this new territory and allowed for division of the territory into states to be admitted to the Union in the Future • 1854 – The rest of Arizona becomes part of the United States by the Gadsden Purchase • 1891 – An Arizona Constitution was written and passed by voters. While the US House of Representatives also passed the constitution, the Senate did not approve statehood. ❖ Arizona History – 1900’s ...
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...PHIL 3515 Arizona Immigration Law-Was it wrong? If a state passes through a law that takes away people’s rights and freedom because you’re considered to be a minority, is it racist? The law I’m referring to is the Arizona SB 1070, which was introduced in 2010 by the Arizona House Bill 2162, and then signed by Governor Jan Brewer of Arizona.2 The Arizona SB 1070 (also known as The Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act) is a legislative Act in Arizona that at the time it was brought up, it was the widest and strictest anti-illegal immigration measure in recent U.S. history.2 The law reads that every alien living in the United States over that is fourteen years or older must have registration papers or documents in their possession at all times; if this condition isn’t followed, its considered a federal misdemeanor crime. The law also allows people in the police force to stop anyone who looks or seems to be from another country, to check if they have the right documents in their possession.2. While the law specifies who “aliens are”, the law makers and officials clearly target the Hispanic race in living in Arizona. According to the Census numbers, the Hispanic population has grown over 50% from 1990 to 2012, which also includes the number of undocumented immigrants living in Arizona.4 The total Latino population in Arizona is increasing every year and the Arizona officials believe that the only way to contain it is by forcing them out of the country. 4 I believe...
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...In some areas, disasters occur frequently, and worse, many kinds of hazards hit these zones. Arizona is rated the tenth state most at a risk to disasters in the US according to Huddleston (2014, June). The Yuma County and the City of Yuma are hit time to time by disasters. This area is cited as one the highest probability disaster areas in the state (FEMA, 2012). This disaster champion experiences all types of hazards as stated in FEMA (2012). Hazards categorization, the magnitude of disasters’ damage and the consequences, a case study of a Presidential Disaster Declaration and the lessons learned from all the processes, the generalization of some lessons learned from this community to other communities with similar demographics and hazards...
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...Arizona Statehood and Constitution Arizona and Federal Government November 18, 2012 Part 1: Arizona Statehood There are many events which impacted the process of Arizona becoming a state. Each of these events is not only historical, but they are what allowed the Arizona Constitution to be written in 1910 and to finally become a state in 1912. The Arizona Constitution, when first adopted, was seen as one of the most radical documents in the United States, and even today it still has many contrasts to the U.S. Constitution. Some of the events which helped to shape the Arizona Constitution, as well as make it an official state are the Pre-territorial Period, the Spanish Period, The Mexican Period, the U.S. Controlled Period, the Territorial Period and the impact of the Progressive movement on the creation of the Arizona constitution. First, the Pre-territorial Period is probably the most politically unknown because it is impossible to reconstruct how these prehistoric communities felt about politics and democracy. However, evidence shows that people inhabited Arizona for thousands of years before the Europeans. Indians were considered to be the “first citizens” established in Arizona, long before it became a state. There are three major cultures which lived in this state, which were the Apache, the Navajo, the Hohokam and Mogollon. The Hohokam disappeared around the mid 1400’s but historians do not know why. Each group was complex in their social organizations...
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...United States v. Arizona: The Support Our Law Enforcement and Neighborhoods Act is Preempted and Discriminatory Melissa Goolsarran Table of Contents I. Introduction 1 II. Perspective: Immigration, Discrimination, and Limitations on State Laws 3 III. Background: United States v. Arizona 9 A. S.B. 1070 and the Legislature’s Justification 10 B. The Decision: United States v. Arizona 18 IV. Analysis: S.B. 1070 is Preempted by Federal Immigration Law and Also Discriminatory 23 A. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals Correctly found that S.B. 1070 is Preempted Because it Interferes with the Administration and Enforcement of Federal Immigration Laws 24 B. S.B. 1070 Discriminates on the Basis of Race or National Origin 32 V. Comment and Conclusion: Effects of the Arizona Law 36 I. Introduction The Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act (“S.B. 1070”) has been the subject of many debates for both its potential impact on federal immigration laws and discrimination against citizens and legal residents of Hispanic origin. The Arizona State Legislature passed S.B. 1070 to reduce the continuous rise in the number of illegal immigrants and alleged consequent rise in crime rates in the state. Among other provisions, the law requires officers to check a person's immigration status, criminalizes an alien’s failure to comply with federal registration laws and working without authorization, and authorizes warrantless arrests where there is probable cause...
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...When most people think of Arizona, they think of hot weather and desert sand. Those things bring people to my state in droves, especially in the winter. Most people don’t think about the mysteries that surround Sedona, Arizona. With UFO siting’s and mystical locations, Sedona lures all kinds of people. With the breathtaking red rocks and magnificent blue skies, Sedona is considered one of the most beautiful places in the world. The appearance of the beautiful cliffs and mesas are attributed to the sandstone and limestone left behind by a receding ocean. Mother Nature then coated it with iron oxide. Centuries have turned that iron oxide to rust creating the amazing red rocks all around that part of Arizona. Is the iron oxide behind the other...
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...POS-301 Arizona State Law The heart of government in Arizona lies with the state Constitution. From this single document sets the stage from legislation all the way down to small rural towns. During the course of this paper we will discuss how the constitution for Arizona affects the counties, municipalities, corporations, and districts. It will also include a discussion of the enduring impact the people of Arizona have had in determining the overall direction of the state. First, we will discuss how the Arizona Constitution affects the counties. The counties of Arizona have to major roles they preform. The first one is by being the administrative arms for the state government. The second one is by being that the cities provide city type services for those who do not live in the boundaries of the municipalities. The counties are bounded by Dillon's Rule, which only allows the county to hold powers given to them from the state and the constitution. In 1992 the state constitution was amended to allow Maricopa and Pima counties to adopt home rule (McClory, 2010). Home rule would have allowed Arizona's largest two counties to have their own, individualized form of government. This would have been done by adopting a charter that was modified to the needs of the county. Unfortunately citizens of both counties rejected it. Next, we will discuss how the Arizona Constitution affects the municipalities. These are the cities and towns that make up each county. They act upon a range...
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...Phoenix is a city that continues to expand and grow from constant migration from citizens from different states. Recently, a form of public transportation was implemented in the city to allow citizens access to opposite ends of the city. For our project we have chosen to expand the coverage of the city’s light rail. The light rail currently covers 20 miles of the city. For our project we will expand the lift rail in 3 different directions to add a total of 30 additional miles of coverage. We will extend it 10 miles west, 10 miles north and 10 miles east. Our project team consists of: Tanisha Lewis –project manager - 490.217.3065 – tlewisnarizona@hotmail.com Leonard Ford – project manager -xxx.xxx.xxxx – abcdefg@email.com | John McCormack –CEO of Valley Metro Light Rail – 602.495.8239 – jmccormack@valleymetro.orgManaging team dynamics in project environment is important to ensure all tasks get completed within the timeline and budget expected. Team leadership is instrumental in ensuring a successful project because there is a constant assessment of the projects process from the team leader. The team leader is the driver for all departments to perform tasks on time and again within the budget. The organization format we chose to use is the functional organization. The method allows segments of the project to be delegated to the specific functional unit for the completion of their portion of the project. This method is generally used when one area has a dominate role in completing...
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...Facts In March 1963, Ernesto Miranda, of Phoenix, Arizona, was arrested in connection with the rape and kidnapping of women. While in custody and after 2 hours of interrogation, he confessed of robbery and attempted rape. His confession and the testimony of the victim were used in the trial. The judge of the Superior Court allowed the confession was used and Miranda was convicted and sentenced to 20-30 years in prison Miranda appealed the case to the Arizona Supreme Court; His lawyer argues that his confession should not be used in court because he had not been informed of their rights. Arizona Supreme Court rejected his appeal and upheld his conviction. Miranda then petitioned for the case to be heard by the United States Supreme Court. Intimidation deprives suspects of their basic freedom and may lead to false confessions. The defendant's right to a lawyer is during interrogation allows the offender to tell their story without fear, effectively, and in a way that all his rights will be protected. Issue: Legal issue The issue of this case is if the government is required to notify the accused detainees of their constitutional rights of the Fifth Amendment against self-incrimination before questioning the accused. The government has to notify detainees of their constitutional rights of the Fifth Amendment. The Amendment explain “the right to remain silent, it just mean all that they confess could be used against them in court, his right to counsel and their right to...
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...February 25, 2013 PLS 135 Miranda vs. Arizona In Miranda v. Arizona, the Supreme Court ruled that detained criminal suspects, prior to police questioning, must be informed of their constitutional right to an attorney and against self-incrimination. Ernesto Miranda was the plaintiff and the state of Arizona was the defendant. Ernesto Miranda was convicted of the March 1963 kidnapping and rape of an eighteen-year-old girl in Phoenix, Arizona. After the crime the police picked up Miranda because he fit the description of the girl’s attacker. The officers took him into an interrogation room and told him that he had been identified by the victim, although that was false. After the police questioned Miranda for two hours, he confessed. At the trial, the defense counsel tricked one of the detectives into admitting that Miranda was never given the opportunity to seek advice from an attorney before his interrogation. Miranda was convicted and sentenced to 40-60 years in prison. When he tried to appeal, the U.S. Supreme Court set aside his conviction. Then Chief Justice Warren wrote: “Prior to and questioning, the person must be warned that he has the right to remain silent, that any statement he does make may be used as evidence against him, and that he has a right to the presence of an attorney, either retained or appointed…” Miranda was retried, only this time without his confession being introduced into evidence at the trial, he was convicted again. Even though his original...
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...Miranda v. Arizona (1966) In 1963 Ernesto Miranda was arrested and charged with rape, kidnapping, and robbery (Landmark Cases). After being arrested, Miranda was interrogated for hours where Miranda allegedly confessed to the crimes. He then stood trial were this confession being the only evidence from the prosecution and he was convicted and sentenced to 20 to 30 years in prison. Ernesto Miranda never finished the ninth grade, had a history of mental problems and received no counsel during the interrogation or trial. Following his conviction, Miranda appealed to the Arizona Supreme Court “claiming that the police had unconstitutionally obtained his confession” (Landmark Cases). The court upheld the conviction. He then appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which finally looked at the case in 1966. Upon evaluation of the case the court found many flaws in the arrest of Ernesto Miranda. Under the Fifth Amendment the suspect has right to refuse to be a witness against himself and the Six Amendment, which gives a guarantee to a criminal defendants the right to an attorney (Landmark Cases). This is the police’s duty to inform all suspects of these rights, something that was not given prior to the two-hour interrogation. Chief Justice Earl Warren made this all part of the written decision in a 5-4 ruling by The Supreme Court that overturned the conviction of Ernesto Miranda (Landmark Cases). Ernesto Miranda would later be retried and convicted of the same crimes without the...
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...Miranda v. Arizona: Half a Century Later by: September 2nd, 2014 I. INTRODUCTION A. Executive Summary – In 1966, the U.S. Supreme Court deliberated the case Miranda v. Arizona the most important aspect of due process and criminal procedure ever affecting law enforcement and prosecutorial conduct of an investigation. The main issues in this case were: * The admissibility of a defendant’s statements if such statements were made while the defendant was held in police custody or deprived of freedom of movement in a significant way; * What procedures were required to guarantee the defendant’s privilege against self-incrimination according to the Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution? This case is considered the summit of the criminal procedure evolution establishing specific procedures to safeguard the rights of defendants beyond the courtroom and onto the police station. The procedural details and the breadth of civil rights tangled in these four cases, made this decision the pinnacle case in the area of criminal procedure. Nowadays, this decision gave the name to what is widely known as the “Miranda Warnings” which include: 1. The suspect has the right to remain silent, 2. Anything he/she says may be used as evidence against him, 3. He/she has a right to the presence of an attorney during questioning, and 4. If indigent, he/she has a right to a lawyer selected for him without charge. II. STATEMENT OF FACTS RELATING TO THE...
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...Lipton and AriZona: price competition and equilibrium in the Unites States RTD market. Group essay for Managerial Economics Authors: Serebrennikov Artem, Salzberg Arthur MIM-2015 Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 3 RTD Tea Industry Profile in USA market 5 Price competition on USA market 2010-2014 6 Marginal Costs 9 Using Cournot and Bertrand models 10 Abstract The purpose of this essay is to investigate price strategies of Uniliver (Lipton Iced Tea) and Arizona Beverages USA (stylized as AriZona) and find equilibrium in the ready-to-drink (RTD) market. These two companies compete in USA market and possess great market power. Our team use Cournot and Bertrand approaches to find equilibrium. We have completed a thorough analysis of : * Ready-to-Drink (RTD) tea industry * Competitive landscape * AriZona and Lipton brand perception * AriZona and Lipton sales and financial position We also believe that we can revitalize these brands through : * A better focused target market * Rebranding * Reformulation and new flavors * Increase in marketing expenditures * New line extensions * Building stronger partnerships with distributors Introduction In 2005, the tea industry reached the $1.7 billion category and it is expected to continue growing indefinitely. Market analysts believe the tea industry will continue to boom and is not expected to reach saturation level in the near future. Unilever is aiming for global processes...
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