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Arranged Marriage

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Notes: Chapter 2 I) Matter- consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds. A) Elements- a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions. 1) Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon make up 96% of living matter. 2) Other 4% include phosphorus, sulfur, calcium, and potassium. They’re called trace elements- those required by an organism in only minute quantities. B) Compounds- a substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio. 3) Change the properties of the elements that make them up. II) Structure of an atom C) Subatomic particles 4) Atomic nucleus- the middle region of the atom with protons and neutrons. (a) Protons- are positive and weight about 1 Dalton. They’re unique to each element. (b) Neutrons- are neutral and weight about 1 Dalton. 5) Electron cloud (c) Electrons- are negative and are negligible for weight. Responsible for chemical reactions. D) Atomic number 6) Atomic number- number of protons in the nucleus (d) Also tell us the number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom. 7) Mass number- sun of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom (e) Written as a subscript to the left of an element’s symbol. 8) Atomic mass- the total mass of an atom E) Isotopes- different atomic forms of neutrons 9) Radioactive isotopes- one in which the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy (f) When decay leads to a change of protons, it transforms the atom. F) Energy- the capacity to cause change. And the atom. 10) Potential energy- the energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure. Kinetic energy-

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