...The future of tourism in ASEAN Introduction With the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe and the end of the Cold War, there was no longer a pressing need for ASEAN countries to fear their Communist neighbours such as Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. These countries had started to abandon central planning and implement market-oriented economic reforms from the early 80s, changes which had significant implications for trade and investment opportunities and indicated the need for enlargement of the ASEAN regional grouping in order to maintain its relevance (Wong, Mistilis & Dwyer, 2011a). The momentum to expand ASEAN was further accelerated by the need to strengthen the region’s voice in international trading bodies such as the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, the World Trade Organization, and in negotiations with the European Union (Tan, 2003). Between 1995 and 1997, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam (CLMV) joined ASEAN. They are sometimes referred to as newer members with less-developed economies. With the ASEAN Concord II in late 2003, Southeast Asia charted an ambitious path toward creating a community (AC) founded on economic, security and socio-cultural pillars. In contrast to the EU on which the agreement is loosely based, have rested on open dialogue and concensus processes that have allowed politically and economic diverse nations to cooperate at the regional level. The progress of on ASEAN Concord II will rest on strong regional diplomacy and management...
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...Singapore As Singapore is a founding member of ASEAN, they joined ASEAN in August 8, 1964. Singapore was located the islands between Malaysia and Indonesia in South East Asia. Furthermore, Singapore has no land boundaries with other countries. The capital city of Singapore was also Singapore as one state, one city. Nowadays, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong governs Singapore as Head of Government. However, Singapore used the Singalish as main language and they also use English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil. Moreover, they used their currency as Singapore Dollar (S$). The figure of Singapore's Land and Map Source: http://www.wordtravels.com/Travelguide/Countries/Singapore/Map Land Area The total area of Singapore is 647.5 sq. km. According to research, Singapore used 12% for roads, 15% for housing and 73% for others as Singapore's Land Area Usage in 2014. The diagram of Singapore land area usage in 2014 Source: 3s1ihc1transport.wiki.hci.edu.sg Political System Singapore is a republic with a parliamentary system of government. The city-state and former British colony adopted the Westminster model after it gained independence on 9 August 1965. There are three branches of the Government of Singapore: Executive, Legislative and the Judiciary. Population The total population in Singapore was last recorded at 5.5 million people in 2014 from 1.7 million in 1960. The chart of Singapore population is as follow; Source: http://www.tradingeconomics.com/singapore/population ...
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...ASEAN COMMUNITY IN FIGURES Vision One Vision One Identity One Community ASEAN COMMUNITY IN FIGURES The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on 8 August 1967. The Member States of the Association are Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. The ASEAN Secretariat is based in Jakarta, Indonesia. For inquiries, contact: The ASEAN Secretariat Public Outreach and Civil Society Division 70A Jalan Sisingamangaraja Jakarta 12110 Indonesia Phone : (62 21) 724-3372, 726-2991 Fax : (62 21) 739-8234, 724-3504 E-mail : public.div@asean.org General information on ASEAN appears online at the ASEAN Website: www.asean.org Catalogue-in-Publication Data ASEAN Community in Figures 2011 (ACIF 2011) Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat, April 2012 315.95 1. Statistics – ASEAN 2. Economics - Social - Environment ISBN 978-602-8411-81-3 The text of this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted with proper acknowledgement. Copyright Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 2011 All rights reserved FOREWORD ASEAN Community in Figures (ACIF) 2011 is the fourth in a series of annual publications by the ASEAN Secretariat focusing on key economic and social developments in individual ASEAN Member States and in the ASEAN Community as a whole. The pocket-sized ACIF is intended as a handy reference on selected and most recent economic and social indicators. It contains more than 50 tables and...
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...Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI) and Narrowing the Development Gap (NDG) Narrowing the Development Gap Narrowing the Development Gap in ASEAN refers to reducing various forms of disparities among and within Member States where some pockets of underdevelopment persist. Measures in the ASEAN Political Security, Socio-Cultural and Economic Community Blueprints are targeted at policy reforms for narrowing the development divide to foster regional cooperation, greater social and economic integration, consistent with the objective of building an ASEAN Community in 2015. Initiative for ASEAN Integration The ASEAN Heads of State at their Summit in 2000 launched the Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI) with the objectives of Narrowing the Development Gap (NDG) and accelerating economic integration of the newer members of ASEAN, namely Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Viet Nam (CLMV). IAI Work Plans The efforts to narrow the development gap will be driven mainly by the IAI Work Plan (IAI-WP). The six-year IAI-Work Plans have been developed to assist the CLMV countries as well as ASEAN's other sub-regions to ensure that the economic wheels of their economies move at an accelerated pace. The first phase of the Work Plan covered the years 2002 to 2008. The current Work Plan (IAI-WP II) is based on key programme areas in the three Blueprints for the ASEAN Community: ASEAN Political-Security Community Blueprint, ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint and ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community...
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...ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations | The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is a regional trade arrangement. It is also possible to hear about AFTA, that means the ASEAN Free Trade Area. We can start by a reminder of what is a trade arrangement? This is a pact, which includes a wide ranging tax, tariff and trade arrangements including investment guarantees. Today, the ASEAN counts ten Southeast Asian countries. It is important to notice that it was established on the 8th August 1967 in Bangkok, with the signing of the Bangkok Declaration by the Founding Fathers of ASEAN, which are Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. The five others members entered lately, Brunei, Burma, Vietnam, Laos and the last one Cambodia. The date of its creation is known as the ASEAN day. Moreover we can add that the motto of ASEAN is the following: "One Vision, One Identity, One Community". Let’s answer to few questions in this presentation. First of all, we will see what the ASEAN is in detail, that means the structure (Charter, structure, summit, chair, secretariat). Then, how is it useful ? What are its goals? We will continue with key figures and statistics, to finish with the opportunities and future projects. I/ WHAT IS ASEAN? HOW IS IT ORGANIZED? * THE ASEAN CHAIR Each year the ASEAN chair changes, it is a rotation between the ten Member States. The chosen country is in charge of the chairmanship during the ASEAN Summit, the ASEAN Coordinating Council...
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...regarding the theories and previous research related to this research. 2.1 Overview of International and Thai tourists According to Tourism Authority of Thailand (2011), the international tourist arrivals to Thailand figure for 2011 reached 19.09 million, an increase of 19.84%. The number of tourists had shown an accumulative growth rate over the first ten months. The flooding crisis late in the year, however, slowed down the growth in the number of tourist arrivals in October, and caused shrinkage of 18% in November 2011. Fortunately, all market groups still retained an increasing growth at the good level, including East Asia at a 32.30% increase, ASEAN at a 21.96% increase, the Americas at a 12.85% increase, Europe at an 11.40% increase, Africa at a 6.73% increase, and the Middle East at a 5.95% increase. Domestic tourism by Thais in 2011 was estimated at 98 million tourists/trips, generating an income of 407.6 million Baht which was less than the target of 421.1 million Baht. The purchasing power dramatically shrank in the second-half year due to the flooding crisis, which abruptly halted the positive growth trend of the first half of the year (TAT, 2011). Furthermore, the study of Euromonitor International reported that in 2011 Thailand posted strong growth in arrivals, in particular from China and Russia and received a large number of tourists from Malaysia, China and Japan. Despite the earthquake and tsunami in Japan, the...
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...About Japan International Cooperation Center (JICE） About Japan International Cooperation Center (JICE） Japan International Cooperation Center (JICE) has been involved in various international cooperation activities mainly for developing countries since its establishment in 1977. JICE contributes to the development of not only developing countries but international community through the implementation of the activities for strengthening mutually beneficial partnership between foreign countries and Japan. Our main activities are the management of international training courses entrusted by ministries and agencies including Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), universities, local governments, public and private organizations, international organizations and foreign governments; youth exchange programmes; assistance for students from overseas; dispatching interpreters; Japanese language lessons; supporting conventions, seminars and projects, operation of supporting development education. Besides the staff of 194, JICE has 1080 specialists who are specialized in 31 languages and engage in formulation, investigation, research, implementation and evaluation of projects by using their accumulated experiences and knowledge. JICE, with our motto “Share knowledge and experience. For our world. For the future”, links “Japan’s technology, knowledge and experience” to the world and works on developing future leaders of each country through...
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...PROJECT ON “COMPARING REGIONAL INTEGRATION: APEC AND ASEAN” Master of Commerce Semester-I (2013-2014) Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements For the award of degree of M.Com By VIshwanath Vinod Acharya Seat No: ______ Tolani College of Commerce Sher-e-Punjab society, Andheri (East), Mumbai-400 093 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Vishwanath Acharya of M.Com Semester I (2013-2014) has successfully completed the project on “Comparing Regional Integration: APEC and ASEAN” under the guidance of Dr.Vasudev Iyer. Project Guide: ____________________________ Course Coordinator: ____________________________ External Examiner: ____________________________ Principal: ____________________________ DECLARATION I, Vishwanath Acharya , the student of M.Com Semester-I (2013-2014) hereby declare that I have completed the project on “COMPARING REGIONAL INTEGRATION: APEC AND ASEAN ” in the course Economics of Global Trade and Finance. The information submitted is true and original to the best of my knowledge. References have been cited wherever necessary. Date: ___________ Place: Mumbai Signature of Student Vishwanath V. Acharya ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Preparing the project on “Comparing Regional Integration: APEC and ASEAN ” has given me extensive practical knowledge related to the course. I would like to first thank our principal Dr.A.A.Rashid, for his valuable support in preparing this project. I express my deep sense of Gratitude...
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...VIETNAM TOURISM MARKETING STRATEGY TO 2020 & ACTION PLAN: 2013-2015 (PROPOSED) Executive Summary Developed by: European Union funded Environmentally & Socially Responsible Tourism (ESRT) Capacity Development Programme Vietnam Tourism Marketing Strategy To 2020 & Action Plan: 2013-2015 (Proposed) Executive Summary Page 1 © 2013 Environmentally and Socially Responsible Tourism Capacity Development Programme This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union funded Environmentally and Socially Responsible Tourism Capacity Development Programme (ESRT). The content of this publication is the sole responsibility of the ESRT programme and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. The European Union and ESRT do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accept no responsibility for any consequence of their use. By making any designation of our reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ESRT and the EU do not intend to make any judgements as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ESRT and the EU encourage printing or copying exclusively for personal and non-commercial use with proper acknowledgement of ESRT and the EU. Users are restricted from reselling, redistributing, or creating derivative works for commercial purposes without the express, written consent of ESRT and the EU. Environmentally...
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...Budget Sales Planning Vendors Deliveries in full on time Sales Forecasting. Macro process, players and final goal Forecast Budget Forecast Budget Markets Sales Planning Vendors Deliveries in full on time Sales Forecasting. Process in details Fall Winter 2012 & Spring Summer 2013 Line Plan, CADs, Proto Samples 1 3 Steps Sales Forecast Process 1st Sales Forecast SMS Order Capacity Plan Pre Costing Final Allocation Final Costing Minimum Check Drop 2 3 Photo Samples Arrival 2nd Sales Forecast Sales Meeting & SMS Arrival 3rd Sales Forecast Raw materials Purchasing Plan & Cut Off Schedule Sales Forecasting. Process in details – Fall Winter 2012 1st & 2nd Forecast results Line Plan, CADs, Proto Samples 1 3 Phases Sales Forecast Process 1st Sales Forecast SMS Order Capacity Plan Pre Costing Final Allocation Final Costing Minimum Check Drop 2 3 Photo Samples Arrival 2nd Sales Forecast Sales Meeting & SMS Arrival 3rd Sales Forecast Raw materials Purchasing Plan & Cut Off Schedule...
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...MALAYSIA – SINGAPORE RELATIONS: THE SECURITY DILEMMAS INTRODUCTION ‘It's impossible to be friendly with Singapore because of the neighbouring city states’ unfriendliness towards Malaysia. Singapore gets into that kind of mood that they reject anything that comes from Malaysia. We try to be as friendly as possible but it's impossible’.[1] Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad Former Malaysia Prime Minister “…we fear that at some time or other there could be a random act of madness like cutting off our water supplies, which they had publicly threatened whenever there were differences between us… we have to be prepared for all contingencies”.[2] Lee Kuan Yew Former Singapore Prime Minister Singapore became a part of Malaysia in 1963. On the part of Singapore, such was a welcomed move as Singapore lacks the depth, mass and resources deemed necessary for development and survival. On the part of Malaysia, however, it started-off as a half-hearted decision, with Tunku Abdul Rahman fearing that the Chinese population in Singapore would, after the merger, upset the Malay majority in Malaya. In May 1960, he told Malayan students in London that “(The) Chinese-educated and new immigrants will always be loyal to China and they are less Malay-minded,” and that the inclusion of the 1.3 million Chinese would confuse Malayans and ruin the calm atmosphere of the Federation[3]...
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...SINGAPORE HOTEL INDUSTRY ANALYSIS Prepared by: Nazia Husain Marketing 558: Marketing Across Cultures TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 HISTORY 4 GOVERNMENT 6 CULTURE 6 Religion 6 Language 7 Economy of Singapore 8 Trade 9 Employment 10 ASEAN 10 MACRO-ECONOMIC REVIEW OF SINGAPORE 11 Economic Factors 11 Macro-environment factors and hotel industry 12 INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 14 Hotel Demand 15 Hotel Supply 16 COUNTRY CLUSTER ANALYSIS 17 Regional Analysis in the Hotel Industry 17 Singapore Industry Analysis 17 RevPAR 19 Singapore Hotel Association 20 Corporations Expanding Into the Region 22 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: 23 Working culture differences between the US and Singapore 23 Expansion into Singapore 24 APPENDIX 26 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of this research paper is to provide insights into the Singapore Hotel Industry. Through an analysis of economic indicators and the hotel industry in the region, along with a look at how the cultural characteristics of Singapore help illustrate many reasons why hotels should look to expand in Singapore. One of the many reasons why the hotel industry is of such importance in Singapore is its continuous growth and expansion of the services industry in the region. Although there is a slow growth of visitors projected in 2012 due to an uncertain economy, it is to the countries best advantage to increase the number of hotels being planned to open in the next...
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...In this essay I will discuss how the development of travel has impacted Singapore as a tourist destination. I will identify the factors that have assisted in the development of tourism within Singapore and the elements of Leiper’s (1990) Basic Whole Tourist System. I will also discuss the roles the Singapore Tourism Board (STB) undertake to develop Singapore as a destination. Singapore is a unique city that attracts various tourists from young to old, appealing to all generations and interests. The city is dynamic with various cultures, cuisine, art and architecture. “A Single day’s trails will take you from the past to the future, from a colourful ethnic enclave to an efficient business centre, from serene gardens to sleek skyscrapers.” (http://www.stb.com.sg). Singapore is truly a city like no other, a world of possibilities. Its warm and friendly people make tourists feel welcome along with its state of the art infrastructure. With Singapore being a stop over point on long haul flights to Asia or Australia from Europe or the Americas, the tourism within Singapore has been increasing as the flights have been increasing. Many airlines now offer special package deals on stop over holidays in Singapore. In 1964 Singapore’s Tourist Promotion Board was established with the mandate to promote Singapore as a tourist destination. That year they began working with a small staff strength of twenty five workers, that year they welcomed 91...
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...Free Trade Agreement (FTA) FTA & Trade Blocs are the same thing but Trade Bloc is the wider picture. FTA * An agreement between two or more countries to create a free trade area; that us an area in which all barriers to trade among them are removed or modified, although sometimes only for certain specified goods and services. * All barriers -> often not all the barriers are removed * Trading blocs may create FTA with other countries Trade Bloc * It is formed by an agreement among countries to establish links through the movement of goods, services, capital and labor across borders. * A large free trade area or free trade area formed by one or more tax, tariff and trade agreements. * It is the outcome of an agreement between countries to facilitate the movement of goods, services, labor and capital across borders. * Trade blocs can lead to: * Lower financial transaction costs * Lead to economies of scale…via larger markets * Result in cheap cross border transaction costs * Provide greater transparency…via new accountabilities and uniformity of regulations and procedures * Benefits of trade bloc * Trade facilitation via assisting Foreign Direct Investment * An increase in foreign direct investment results from trade blocs and benefits the economies of participating nations. * Lager markets are created, resulting in lower costs to manufacture products locally. * Enabling...
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...Economic Conditions When looking into Cambodia’s economic welfare we found out that “Despite recent progress, the Cambodian economy continues to suffer from the legacy of decades of war and internal strife and Cambodia remains one of the least developed countries.” Cambodia relies heavily on assistance from other countries especially Japan. Cambodia has gone through several civil wars which have hurt the country in many ways with their development. “Growth accelerated in the late 1980s with the government's gradual move towards free market economic policies. Growth was propelled further during 1991-1993 by the UN presence in Cambodia.” Cambodia has shown improvements since all the civil wars have ended and will continue to show improvements till the country reaches a better economic situation in the coming years. Cambodia is not a great place to want to start a company unless it had to do with the garment business or the agriculture business because that is the majority of the countries income. Cambodia is becoming a more stable country but it still has a way to go before it can be relied on by other countries. With the population being so young there that “…more than 50% of the population is less than 21 years old. The population lacks education and productive skills…” Which make it difficult for the country to succeed because of the lack of infrastructure. Once economic conditions improve in Cambodia then I can see more companies transitioning over there and creating more...
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