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Art Criticism

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Throughout history art has played a vital role in society and the reformation of an era. Artists have been provoked by worldly experiences during their time thus producing artwork that reflects their personal social and political concerns. Through these artworks they are able to influence their audiences. The ability to revolutionise ideas is the only change in the world that is constant; this is where a true artist takes action.

Johann Joseph Eugene Von Guérard (1812-1901) was an Austrian born artist. His father took him to Italy in 1826 after he displayed extraordinary artistic talent, here he was able to pursue art as a lifestyle. Guérard travelled around the world from Dusseldorf to England, from England to Ballarat composing many landscape paintings and pencil sketches. In 1854, Guérard married Louise Arnz of Dusseldorf. For 16 years Eugene travelled throughout Australia and New Zealand before returning to Dusseldorf where Guérard died.

When Eugene went to Dusseldorf he studied at the Dusseldorf Academy of Art one of the leading art schools in Europe. Johann Wilhelm Schirmer, a landscape artist, taught Guérard at the Academy. Schirmer encouraged his student’s to paint directly from nature; this is what sparked many of Eugene’s artworks. The Romantic movement arised during the 19th century, the emotions that overpowered order influences literature and art; including Guérard’s paintings. Eugene had a profound interest for the grandeur mystery of art and nature. Eugene followed the works of Alexander von Humboldt, a geographer and explorer who altered the way Eugene fabricated his art through Humboldt’s theories of nature. During Eugene’s time in Australia, he explored the vast landscapes and mining fields in hope to find gold. Many painting and sketches that are now in museums are based on his experiences in Australia. One of his most famous paintings is Sydney Heads, composed in 1865 of oil paints. It is a combination of minor migration and pure, untouched vegetation consisting of rich greenery, soft mountains and boats at bay. In the 1800’s Australia was experiencing a large-scale colonization meaning that new ideas, cultures, politics, religion and art would over-rule the current society. Sydney Heads interprets the changing awareness of the colonial society from hardship to a sense of hope and superiority over the environment derived from the exploitation of the landscape.

Banksy is a contemporary street artist whose identity remains unknown. He is well known for his controversial stencils that promote alternative aspects of political and humanitarian ideas promoted or ignored by society. Banksy has provided a voice for those that cannot express themselves. He told his friend, author Tristan Manco “As soon as I cut my first stencil I could feel the power there. I also like the political edge. All graffiti is low-level dissent, but stencils have an extra history. They’ve been used to start revolutions and to stop wars.” Many disagree with Banksy’s works and see them as “ignorant”, “insulting” and “vandalism” rather than an art form.

In 2005, Banksy created a series of 9 images along the Palestinian Wall. The wall was extremely high and stretched out for 700 kilometres separating the Israelis from any potential terrorism attacks. Many despised the wall and would stop at nothing to have it torn down. One of the images that Banksy created on the Palestinian Wall was of two children with buckets and spades. Behind them was a large crevice, displaying a beautiful and lush landscape just on the other side of the horrendous wall. Many viewers saw this is an interpretation of the youth being captivated by the wall and how they will never get to see nor experience what’s on the other side. During the composition of these images, Banksy received a lot of hate and accusations of his attempts of making the wall “beautiful” in order for the wall not to be destroyed. Others saw it as a perceptive and judicious act for their suffering and a way for the authorities to understand their emotions towards the wall.

Many of Banksy’s art works are based on war, justice and peace. For 30 days Banksy created a series of 10 war themed images throughout San Francisco, California. The most recognized artwork is a stencil of a man with a gas mask on carrying a book bag on his shoulder with a quote to his left reading “ IF AT FIRST YOU DON’T SUCCEED- CALL AN AIRSTRIKE” This image was extremely criticized by a large proportion of Americans that came into contact with it. Banksy was clearly addressing the issue that the United States is a much too “air-strike friendly” country and would choose military force rather than negotiation. This is one of the many Banksy pieces that push society to question the decisions made by those in authority.

Banksy reasoning for not putting his art in a museum is that he would rather have bits and pieces of his art everywhere, out in the open rather than secluded in a museum where only those interested in art would see. Banksy also isn’t fond of the idea of attaining income for his artwork as he sees it as being unjust. Ion his book “Walls and Piece” he states; “People who run our cities don’t understand graffiti because they think that anything that doesn’t make a profit has no right to exist” We can learn a lot from Banksy not just as a contemporary artist but as a normal human standing up for what he believes in.

Artists are like receptors for universal issues that bridge the gap between society and understanding by translating these issues through art whether it be a painting, picture, sculpture or any other medium. By studying the works of Eugene Von Guérard and Banksy, we can gain a better insight of how powerful a simple piece of art can be. Like they say, “a picture says a thousand words”, it all comes down to how we interpret it and what we do with the information we learn.

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